🧬 The Living World – MCQs (Part 1: Q1–Q25)

Q1. The term taxonomy was first introduced by:

A. Theophrastus
B. Aristotle
C. Linnaeus
D. A.P. de Candolle ✅

A: Called “Father of Botany”.
B: Classified animals into blooded & bloodless.
C: Father of modern taxonomy, but didn’t coin the term.
D: A.P. de Candolle introduced the term taxonomy.

Q2. Which is the correct sequence in biological classification hierarchy?

A. Family → Order → Class → Phylum → Kingdom
B. Class → Phylum → Order → Kingdom → Family
C. Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species ✅
D. Phylum → Class → Kingdom → Order → Species

C: This is the standard Linnaean hierarchy used in taxonomy.

Q3. The branch of biology dealing with the identification, nomenclature, and classification of organisms is:

A. Morphology
B. Anatomy
C. Taxonomy ✅
D. Cytology

C: Taxonomy involves classification and naming of organisms.

Q4. Which is the basic unit of taxonomy?

A. Genus
B. Species ✅
C. Family
D. Order

B: Species is the fundamental unit of classification, representing individuals capable of interbreeding.

Q5. The scientific naming of organisms is called:

A. Taxonomy
B. Classification
C. Nomenclature ✅
D. Morphology

C: Nomenclature = naming system of organisms.

Q6. Binomial nomenclature was developed by:

A. Darwin
B. Aristotle
C. Linnaeus ✅
D. Hooker

C: Carl Linnaeus introduced binomial nomenclature in “Systema Naturae”.

Q7. In binomial nomenclature, the first word represents:

A. Family
B. Order
C. Genus ✅
D. Species

C: The first word is genus; the second denotes species.

Q8. Which one is correctly written according to binomial nomenclature?

A. homo sapiens
B. Homo Sapiens
C. Homo sapiens ✅
D. Homo Sapiens L.

C: Rules → Genus capitalized, species small, both italicized (or underlined).

Q9. The largest taxonomic category is:

A. Genus
B. Class
C. Kingdom ✅
D. Phylum

C: Kingdom is the broadest category (excluding “Domain” used in modern system).

Q10. The study of classification based on evolutionary relationships is called:

A. Numerical taxonomy
B. Cytotaxonomy
C. Chemotaxonomy
D. Phylogenetic taxonomy ✅

D: Phylogenetic taxonomy uses evolutionary ancestry for classification.

Q11. Which of the following is a natural system of classification?

A. Linnaeus system
B. Bentham and Hooker system ✅
C. Artificial system
D. Phylogenetic system

B: Bentham & Hooker gave a natural classification of plants.

Q12. The Father of Taxonomy is:

A. Darwin
B. Carl Linnaeus ✅
C. Aristotle
D. Theophrastus

B: Linnaeus standardized naming and classification.

Q13. Which is the smallest and most exclusive taxon?

A. Genus
B. Family
C. Species
D. Species ✅

D: Species includes only closely related individuals capable of breeding.

Q14. Systematics refers to:

A. Naming of organisms
B. Classification only
C. Classification along with evolutionary relationships ✅
D. Evolution only

C: Systematics = taxonomy + phylogeny (evolutionary relationships).

Q15. The first step in taxonomy is:

A. Classification
B. Identification ✅
C. Nomenclature
D. Evolution

B: Identification precedes naming and classification.

Q16. ICZN stands for:

A. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature ✅
B. International Classification of Zoological Names
C. Indian Code of Zoological Nomenclature
D. International Code of Zonal Names

A: ICZN regulates animal naming.

Q17. Which scientist is called the “Father of Zoology”?

A. Linnaeus
B. Aristotle ✅
C. Darwin
D. Mendel

B: Aristotle classified animals scientifically, hence Father of Zoology.

Q18. Theophrastus is known as:

A. Father of Zoology
B. Father of Taxonomy
C. Father of Botany ✅
D. Father of Evolution

C: He wrote “Historia Plantarum”.

Q19. Which taxonomic category includes organisms of different genera but with common characters?

A. Species
B. Family ✅
C. Order
D. Phylum

B: Family groups together related genera.

Q20. Numerical taxonomy is based on:

A. Evolution
B. All observable characteristics using computers ✅
C. Anatomy
D. Cytology

B: Numerical taxonomy uses computer-based analysis of many characters.

Q21. Chemotaxonomy is based on:

A. Evolutionary trends
B. Morphology
C. Chemical constituents of organisms ✅
D. Anatomy

C: Chemical markers like proteins and metabolites are used.

Q22. Which taxonomic aid provides information about flora of a particular area?

A. Monograph
B. Flora ✅
C. Manual
D. Herbarium

B: Flora is a book describing plants of a given region.

Q23. A taxonomic aid that provides specimens for reference is:

A. Flora
B. Manual
C. Herbarium ✅
D. Monograph

C: Herbarium = collection of preserved plant specimens.

Q24. A book that provides information for identification of species in a particular area is:

A. Flora
B. Monograph
C. Manual ✅
D. Herbarium

C: Manuals list identification details for species in a given region.

Q25. A taxonomic aid dealing with information about a single taxon is:

A. Flora
B. Manual
C. Herbarium
D. Monograph ✅

D: Monographs provide detailed information about one taxon.

🧬 Diversity of the Living World – The Living World MCQs (Part 2: Q26–Q50)

Q26. The study of fossils is called:

A. Taxonomy
B. Morphology
C. Paleontology ✅
D. Evolution

C: Paleontology deals with ancient life forms preserved as fossils.

Q27. Which is NOT a taxonomic category?

A. Order
B. Family
C. Species diversity ✅
D. Genus

C: Species diversity is ecological, not a taxonomic rank.

Q28. Which taxonomic aid uses artificial keys for identification?

A. Herbarium
B. Flora
C. Keys ✅
D. Manuals

C: Keys use contrasting characters for identification.

Q29. The largest herbarium in the world is located in:

A. New Delhi
B. Paris
C. Geneva
D. Kew, England ✅

D: Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew (England), houses the world’s largest herbarium.

Q30. Which Indian scientist is regarded as the Father of Indian Botany?

A. Birbal Sahni
B. William Roxburgh ✅
C. J.C. Bose
D. Linnaeus

B: William Roxburgh is considered the Father of Indian Botany.

Q31. The Father of Palaeobotany in India is:

A. Linnaeus
B. Birbal Sahni ✅
C. Hooker
D. Darwin

B: Birbal Sahni pioneered palaeobotany in India.

Q32. Which taxonomic aid preserves dried and pressed plant specimens?

A. Flora
B. Herbarium ✅
C. Manual
D. Monograph

B: Herbarium is a storehouse of preserved plants.

Q33. Which one of the following is NOT a taxonomic aid?

A. Flora
B. Herbarium
C. Manual
D. Microscope ✅

D: Microscope is an instrument, not a taxonomic aid.

Q34. The group of organisms at any taxonomic category is called a:

A. Taxonomy
B. Taxon ✅
C. Species
D. Class

B: Taxon refers to a group of organisms assigned to a category.

Q35. Which taxonomic category includes organisms of different families but with common characters?

A. Class
B. Order ✅
C. Phylum
D. Kingdom

B: Order groups related families.

Q36. Which taxonomic aid is a comprehensive record of all plant species of an area?

A. Monograph
B. Flora ✅
C. Manual
D. Herbarium

B: Flora provides complete details of plants in a region.

Q37. The main aim of taxonomy is:

A. To describe fossils
B. Identification, nomenclature, and classification ✅
C. DNA replication
D. Protein synthesis

B: Taxonomy helps in naming, classifying, and identifying living organisms.

Q38. Which taxonomic aid describes one particular organism in detail?

A. Flora
B. Manual
C. Herbarium
D. Monograph ✅

D: Monograph = detailed account of a single taxon.

Q39. The book “Species Plantarum” was written by:

A. Darwin
B. Theophrastus
C. Linnaeus ✅
D. Hooker

C: In this book, Linnaeus introduced binomial nomenclature.

Q40. ICBN stands for:

A. International Committee of Botanical Nomenclature
B. Indian Council of Botanical Nomenclature
C. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature ✅
D. International Classification of Biological Names

C: ICBN regulates scientific naming of plants.

Q41. Which is the correct ascending order of classification?

A. Species → Kingdom
B. Species → Genus → Family → Order → Class → Phylum → Kingdom ✅
C. Kingdom → Class → Species → Genus
D. Species → Family → Order → Genus

B: This is the hierarchy from smallest to largest.

Q42. Which of the following is a man-made taxonomic aid?

A. Flora
B. Keys
C. Herbarium ✅
D. Manual

C: Herbarium specimens are man-made collections of dried plants.

Q43. The first published flora of India was by:

A. Birbal Sahni
B. Darwin
C. Hooker ✅
D. Linnaeus

C: J.D. Hooker prepared “Flora of British India”.

Q44. Which category includes organisms of different orders but with common characters?

A. Genus
B. Class ✅
C. Family
D. Phylum

B: Class groups together related orders.

Q45. The group containing related classes is called:

A. Genus
B. Family
C. Phylum ✅
D. Order

C: Phylum groups related classes.

Q46. Which scientist is considered the “Father of Biology”?

A. Linnaeus
B. Aristotle ✅
C. Darwin
D. Mendel

B: Aristotle studied animals extensively → Father of Biology.

Q47. Which taxonomic category includes organisms of different phyla?

A. Kingdom ✅
B. Class
C. Family
D. Order

A: Kingdom groups multiple phyla together.

Q48. “Systema Naturae” was written by:

A. Darwin
B. Carl Linnaeus ✅
C. Theophrastus
D. Wallace

B: “Systema Naturae” is a cornerstone of taxonomy.

Q49. Manuals are particularly useful for:

A. Fossil studies
B. Identification of species in a particular area ✅
C. DNA sequencing
D. Evolution studies

B: Manuals list species with descriptions for easy identification.

Q50. The taxonomic category between genus and order is:

A. Class
B. Family ✅
C. Species
D. Phylum

B: Family lies between genus and order.

🧬 Diversity of the Living World – The Living World MCQs (Part 3: Q51–Q75)

Q51. Which taxonomic aid acts as a storehouse of information about preserved plants?

A. Flora
B. Manual
C. Herbarium ✅
D. Monograph

C: Herbarium contains dried, pressed, labeled plant specimens.

Q52. Which category includes organisms of different genera but with similar characters?

A. Family ✅
B. Order
C. Class
D. Phylum

A: Family groups related genera.

Q53. The scientific name of human beings is:

A. Homo Sapiens
B. Homo sapiens ✅
C. homo Sapiens
D. Homo sapiens L

B: Correct binomial nomenclature → Genus capitalized, species lowercase.

Q54. Which one is NOT a correct scientific name?

A. Mangifera indica
B. Panthera leo
C. Solanum Tuberosum ✅
D. Zea mays

C: Species epithet must begin with a lowercase → Solanum tuberosum.

Q55. Which taxonomic aid is most useful for field identification?

A. Herbarium
B. Keys ✅
C. Monograph
D. Flora

B: Dichotomous keys help identify organisms in the field quickly.

Q56. The category between class and kingdom is:

A. Genus
B. Family
C. Phylum/Division ✅
D. Species

C: Phylum (animals) or Division (plants) lies below Kingdom and above Class.

Q57. Which one is a pair of correctly matched taxonomic category and example?

A. Genus – Felidae
B. Order – Carnivora ✅
C. Family – Panthera
D. Class – Poaceae

B: Carnivora is an order including Felidae and Canidae families.

Q58. Which is the lowest taxonomic category?

A. Genus
B. Family
C. Order
D. Species ✅

D: Species is the basic and smallest unit of classification.

Q59. Which taxonomic aid provides detailed information of species in a region?

A. Herbarium
B. Flora ✅
C. Manual
D. Monograph

B: Flora describes plants of an area with keys and descriptions.

Q60. Which category contains related families?

A. Class
B. Order ✅
C. Phylum
D. Genus

B: Order groups together related families.

Q61. Who is considered the Father of Indian Palaeobotany?

A. Linnaeus
B. Darwin
C. Birbal Sahni ✅
D. Hooker

C: Birbal Sahni pioneered fossil plant studies in India.

Q62. “Panthera tigris” represents:

A. Genus only
B. Species only
C. Genus Panthera and species tigris ✅
D. Family Panthera

C: First word → Genus, second word → Species epithet.

Q63. Which statement about binomial nomenclature is correct?

A. Species name begins with a capital letter
B. Both words should be italicized when printed ✅
C. Genus name written in lowercase
D. Both words capitalized

B: Rule → Genus capitalized, species lowercase, both italicized/underlined.

Q64. The group of related species forms a:

A. Family
B. Order
C. Genus ✅
D. Class

C: Genus includes closely related species.

Q65. The taxonomic category between phylum and order is:

A. Genus
B. Family
C. Class ✅
D. Species

C: Class lies between phylum and order.

Q66. ICZN regulates:

A. Plant names
B. Fossil names
C. Animal nomenclature ✅
D. Bacterial names

C: ICZN → International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.

Q67. The correct sequence of taxonomic hierarchy is:

A. Species → Class → Genus → Family
B. Species → Genus → Family → Order → Class → Phylum → Kingdom ✅
C. Genus → Species → Order → Class
D. Family → Genus → Order → Species

B: Correct order from small to large.

Q68. Which is a correct example of family?

A. Panthera
B. Felidae ✅
C. Carnivora
D. Mammalia

B: Felidae is a family that includes lions, tigers, cats.

Q69. Manuals are especially useful for:

A. Plant preservation
B. Identifying species of a given area ✅
C. Fossil studies
D. Chemical taxonomy

B: Manuals help quickly identify species in the field.

Q70. Which of the following is mismatched?

A. Genus – Panthera
B. Family – Felidae
C. Order – Carnivora
D. Class – Insecta (for lion) ✅

D: Lion belongs to Class Mammalia, not Insecta.

Q71. Which is the correct hierarchy of classification for humans?

A. Kingdom: Animalia → Phylum: Chordata → Class: Mammalia → Order: Primates → Family: Hominidae → Genus: Homo → Species: sapiens ✅
B. Species → Genus → Order → Class
C. Genus → Family → Kingdom
D. Animalia → Mammalia → Chordata → Homo

A: This is the correct taxonomic hierarchy for humans.

Q72. Which taxonomic aid lists all plant species of a given area with descriptions?

A. Herbarium
B. Monograph
C. Flora ✅
D. Key

C: Flora = comprehensive record of plants in a region.

Q73. The first letter of the species epithet in binomial nomenclature is always:

A. Capital
B. Italicized and capital
C. Italicized and lowercase ✅
D. Bold

C: Genus → capital, Species → lowercase, both italicized.

Q74. Which taxonomic category includes related orders?

A. Family
B. Class ✅
C. Genus
D. Phylum

B: Class groups multiple orders together.

Q75. Which taxonomic aid gives complete information about a single taxon?

A. Manual
B. Flora
C. Monograph ✅
D. Herbarium

C: Monographs detail one taxon thoroughly.

🧬 Diversity of the Living World – The Living World MCQs (Part 4: Q76–Q100)

Q76. Which one is the correct order of taxa?

A. Class → Phylum → Kingdom → Genus → Species
B. Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species ✅
C. Family → Order → Phylum → Kingdom → Class
D. Kingdom → Family → Genus → Phylum

B: This is the standard hierarchy of classification.

Q77. The systematic position of Mangifera indica is:

A. Kingdom Plantae → Family Solanaceae
B. Kingdom Plantae → Family Anacardiaceae ✅
C. Kingdom Plantae → Family Poaceae
D. Kingdom Plantae → Family Fabaceae

B: Mango belongs to family Anacardiaceae.

Q78. The systematic position of Homo sapiens is:

A. Order Carnivora, Family Felidae
B. Order Primates, Family Canidae
C. Order Primates, Family Hominidae ✅
D. Order Carnivora, Family Ursidae

C: Humans belong to Order Primates, Family Hominidae.

Q79. Which taxonomic aid is essential for correct identification of plants?

A. Monograph
B. Herbarium ✅
C. Manual
D. Flora

B: Herbarium provides reference specimens for identification.

Q80. Which one of the following is a taxon?

A. Monograph
B. Flora
C. Mammalia ✅
D. Herbarium

C: Mammalia is a class → a taxonomic category.

Q81. The group of organisms that share similar genetic makeup and interbreed is called:

A. Genus
B. Species ✅
C. Family
D. Order

B: Species = smallest unit of taxonomy with interbreeding individuals.

Q82. The “Father of Indian Botany” is:

A. Birbal Sahni
B. William Roxburgh ✅
C. J.C. Bose
D. Hooker

B: Roxburgh documented Indian flora extensively.

Q83. In which taxonomic category are organisms grouped based on fundamental similarities?

A. Order
B. Class
C. Kingdom ✅
D. Family

C: Kingdom is the broadest classification, grouping fundamental features.

Q84. The first step of taxonomy is:

A. Classification
B. Identification ✅
C. Nomenclature
D. Evolution

B: Organism identification precedes naming and grouping.

Q85. Which taxonomic aid is used to know the plants of a particular area?

A. Monograph
B. Flora ✅
C. Manual
D. Herbarium

B: Flora describes plant species in a specific region.

Q86. ICZN is applicable to:

A. Plants
B. Animals ✅
C. Fungi
D. Viruses

B: ICZN governs zoological nomenclature.

Q87. Which is a correct pair?

A. Family – Poaceae – Lion
B. Family – Solanaceae – Potato ✅
C. Genus – Felidae – Cat
D. Family – Fabaceae – Wheat

B: Potato belongs to family Solanaceae.

Q88. Which one represents the category above family?

A. Order ✅
B. Genus
C. Species
D. Class

A: Order includes one or more families.

Q89. Which taxonomic aid is used for authentic specimens reference?

A. Flora
B. Manual
C. Herbarium ✅
D. Key

C: Herbarium specimens are authentic reference materials.

Q90. “Systematics” in modern sense includes:

A. Only classification
B. Only naming
C. Identification, naming, classification & evolutionary relationships ✅
D. Only DNA sequencing

C: Systematics is a comprehensive study of organisms and their evolution.

Q91. Which one is incorrectly matched?

A. Order – Carnivora
B. Family – Felidae
C. Genus – Panthera
D. Species – Mammalia ✅

D: Mammalia is a class, not a species.

Q92. Which taxonomic category includes closely related orders?

A. Class ✅
B. Genus
C. Family
D. Species

A: Class groups related orders.

Q93. Manuals are used to:

A. Preserve fossils
B. Identify species of a given area ✅
C. Store plants
D. Collect specimens

B: Manuals help with species identification.

Q94. The scientific name of lion is:

A. Felis leo
B. Panthera tigris
C. Panthera leo ✅
D. Felis domestica

C: Lion’s binomial nomenclature is Panthera leo.

Q95. The taxonomic category between order and phylum is:

A. Genus
B. Class ✅
C. Family
D. Species

B: Class lies between order and phylum.

Q96. Which is the highest category in taxonomy?

A. Kingdom ✅
B. Class
C. Phylum
D. Order

A: Kingdom is the broadest classification.

Q97. The scientific name of mango is:

A. Mangifera plantarum
B. Mangifera indica ✅
C. Mangifera sativa
D. Mangifera domestica

B: Correct name is Mangifera indica.

Q98. The book “Historia Plantarum” was written by:

A. Darwin
B. Theophrastus ✅
C. Linnaeus
D. Hooker

B: Theophrastus is called the Father of Botany.

Q99. The correct match is:

A. Homo – Order Carnivora
B. Zea – Family Fabaceae
C. Triticum – Family Poaceae ✅
D. Potato – Family Apiaceae

C: Wheat (Triticum) belongs to family Poaceae.

Q100. Which is the basic and smallest taxonomic unit?

A. Genus
B. Family
C. Species ✅
D. Phylum

C: Species = smallest taxonomic unit representing interbreeding organisms.

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