Agricultural Biology MCQs
Agricultural Biology MCQs.
This set focuses on crop physiology, plant breeding, soil science, agricultural biotechnology, and ecological principles.
Format = Question → 4 options → ✅ correct answer → brief explanation for each option.
Part 1 — Agricultural Biology MCQs (Q1–Q25)
Q1. Agricultural biology primarily deals with:
A. Human diseases
• That’s medical biology.
B. Study of plants, animals, soil, microbes in agriculture ✅
• Focuses on biological aspects of farming.
C. Space biology
• Not related.
D. Marine ecosystems
• Covered in marine biology.
Q2. The Green Revolution in India was led by:
A. Charles Darwin
• Theory of evolution.
B. M. S. Swaminathan (Indian scientist) ✅
• Introduced high-yielding varieties.
C. Norman Borlaug
• Father of Green Revolution globally.
D. J. C. Bose
• Pioneer in plant physiology.
Q3. The main aim of the Green Revolution was:
A. Export crops
• Not primary goal.
B. Increase food grain production using HYVs, fertilizers, irrigation ✅
• Major boost in wheat and rice yields.
C. To grow only fruits
• Not correct.
D. To reduce fertilizers
• Opposite.
Q4. Which crop was first improved in India under Green Revolution?
A. Maize
• Improved later.
B. Wheat ✅
• Semi-dwarf HYVs (e.g., Lerma Rojo, Sonora 64).
C. Tea
• Plantation crop.
D. Cotton
• Improved with Bt cotton later.
Q5. Which element is called “king of fertilizers” for its key role in yield?
A. Phosphorus
• Energy transfer.
B. Nitrogen ✅
• Essential for proteins, chlorophyll; increases crop productivity.
C. Potassium
• Stress resistance.
D. Calcium
• Structural role.
Q6. Which biofertilizer fixes nitrogen in association with legumes?
A. Azotobacter
• Free-living, not symbiotic.
B. Rhizobium ✅
• Symbiotic N-fixation in root nodules.
C. Blue-green algae
• Fixes nitrogen but not in legumes.
D. Azospirillum
• Associative, not symbiotic.
Q7. The symbiotic fungus forming mycorrhiza helps plants by:
A. Nitrogen fixation
• Done by bacteria.
B. Increasing phosphorus and water absorption ✅
• Mutualistic association with roots.
C. Producing glucose
• Plants produce.
D. Killing pests
• Not main role.
Q8. Which crop is called the “golden fiber”?
A. Cotton
• Known as white gold.
B. Jute ✅
• Important cash crop for fiber.
C. Silk
• From silkworm.
D. Hemp
• Different context.
Q9. Which cereal crop is most widely cultivated in the world?
A. Barley
• Less.
B. Rice (Oryza sativa) ✅
• Staple food for >50% of global population.
C. Wheat
• Close second.
D. Maize
• Third globally.
Q10. The scientific name of wheat is:
A. Oryza sativa
• Rice.
B. Triticum aestivum ✅
• Bread wheat species.
C. Zea mays
• Maize.
D. Hordeum vulgare
• Barley.
Q11. Which plant hormone is used for fruit ripening in agriculture?
A. Auxin
• Growth.
B. Cytokinin
• Cell division.
C. Ethylene ✅
• Promotes ripening, used commercially.
D. Gibberellin
• Stem elongation.
Q12. Golden rice is genetically engineered to contain:
A. Vitamin C
• No.
B. Beta-carotene (precursor of Vitamin A) ✅
• Biofortified to prevent blindness.
C. Vitamin D
• No.
D. Iron
• Other biofortified crops.
Q13. The first transgenic crop commercialized in the world was:
A. Golden rice
• Came later.
B. Flavr Savr tomato ✅
• Engineered for delayed ripening.
C. Bt cotton
• Widely used but not first.
D. Soybean
• Transgenic but later.
Q14. Bt cotton is resistant to:
A. Fungal infections
• No.
B. Bollworm (Lepidopteran larvae) ✅
• Bacillus thuringiensis gene encodes Cry toxin.
C. Viral attack
• No.
D. Nutrient deficiency
• No.
Q15. Which microorganism is used for biological nitrogen fixation in rice fields?
A. Rhizobium
• Legumes.
B. Blue-green algae (Anabaena, Nostoc) ✅
• Symbiosis with Azolla, used as biofertilizer in paddy.
C. Lactobacillus
• Fermentation.
D. Saccharomyces
• Yeast, not nitrogen fixer.
Q16. Which is the C4 crop adapted to high temperature and light?
A. Rice
• C3 crop.
B. Wheat
• C3 crop.
C. Maize (Zea mays) ✅
• High efficiency in tropics.
D. Potato
• C3 crop.
Q17. Which is an oilseed crop?
A. Wheat
• Cereal.
B. Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) ✅
• Source of edible oil.
C. Sugarcane
• Cash crop for sugar.
D. Cotton
• Fiber crop.
Q18. Crop rotation is practiced mainly to:
A. Increase pesticide use
• Not purpose.
B. Improve soil fertility and reduce pests/diseases ✅
• Alternating crops reduces nutrient depletion.
C. Increase monoculture
• Opposite.
D. Delay harvest
• Not goal.
Q19. Green manure crops like sunnhemp and dhaincha are used for:
A. Pesticides
• No.
B. Adding organic matter and nitrogen to soil ✅
• Improves fertility.
C. Fiber production
• Not main.
D. Medicinal use
• Not purpose.
Q20. Which method is widely used for plant tissue culture?
A. Soil culture
• Traditional.
B. Micropropagation in vitro ✅
• Produces disease-free clones.
C. Hydroponics
• Soilless cultivation.
D. Vermiculture
• Composting with earthworms.
Q21. Somaclonal variation refers to:
A. Sexual reproduction
• No.
B. Genetic variation among plants regenerated in tissue culture ✅
• Source of new traits in crop breeding.
C. Mutation breeding
• Induced by radiation.
D. Polyploidy breeding
• Different method.
Q22. Which technique is commonly used for gene transfer in plants?
A. Viral vectors
• Rare.
B. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation ✅
• Ti plasmid delivers genes to dicots.
C. CRISPR-Cas9 only
• Newer method.
D. Electrophoresis
• Lab analysis, not transformation.
Q23. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is useful in:
A. Only tissue culture
• Not true.
B. Breeding crops with desired traits using DNA markers ✅
• Faster than phenotype-based selection.
C. Photosynthesis
• Not related.
D. Fertilizer application
• Not related.
Q24. Which crop is known as “energy crop” for biofuel?
A. Wheat
• Food crop.
B. Sugarcane ✅
• Fermentation produces ethanol.
C. Mustard
• Oil crop.
D. Cotton
• Fiber crop.
Q25. The ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) headquarters is in:
A. Mumbai
• Not correct.
B. New Delhi ✅
• Apex agricultural research body in India.
C. Kolkata
• Not HQ.
D. Hyderabad
• Not HQ.
Part 2 — Agricultural Biology MCQs (Q26–Q50)
Q26. Which nutrient deficiency causes chlorosis (yellowing of leaves)?
A. Calcium
• Causes necrosis, not chlorosis.
B. Nitrogen, magnesium, or iron deficiency ✅
• Chlorophyll synthesis affected → yellow leaves.
C. Potassium
• Causes leaf margin necrosis.
D. Sulphur
• Causes uniform yellowing but less common.
Q27. Which essential element is a micronutrient in plants?
A. Nitrogen
• Macronutrient.
B. Zinc (Zn) ✅
• Needed in small quantities, vital for enzyme activity.
C. Phosphorus
• Macronutrient.
D. Potassium
• Macronutrient.
Q28. The process of nitrification is carried out by:
A. Rhizobium
• N₂ fixation.
B. Nitrosomonas (NH₄⁺ → NO₂⁻) and Nitrobacter (NO₂⁻ → NO₃⁻) ✅
• Converts ammonium into nitrates.
C. Azotobacter
• Free-living N₂ fixation.
D. Pseudomonas
• Denitrification.
Q29. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) improve soil fertility by:
A. Fixing nitrogen
• Not their role.
B. Making insoluble phosphorus available to plants ✅
• Vital biofertilizers.
C. Producing antibiotics
• Some do, but not primary.
D. Storing starch
• Not related.
Q30. Vermicomposting is carried out by:
A. Termites
• Harm crops.
B. Earthworms (Eisenia foetida, Eudrilus spp.) ✅
• Convert organic waste into nutrient-rich manure.
C. Fungi only
• Decompose but not vermicompost.
D. Ants
• Not used.
Q31. Which fungus causes late blight of potato?
A. Puccinia
• Wheat rust.
B. Ustilago
• Smut disease.
C. Phytophthora infestans ✅
• Responsible for Irish potato famine.
D. Fusarium
• Wilt.
Q32. Wheat rust is caused by:
A. Fusarium
• Wilt.
B. Puccinia graminis tritici ✅
• A fungal pathogen of wheat.
C. Phytophthora
• Affects potato.
D. Alternaria
• Leaf spot.
Q33. Loose smut of wheat is controlled by:
A. Removing weeds only
• Not enough.
B. Seed treatment with systemic fungicides ✅
• Kills internal seed-borne fungus (Ustilago tritici).
C. Increasing irrigation
• Can worsen.
D. Insecticide spraying
• Not effective.
Q34. Bacterial leaf blight of rice is caused by:
A. Rhizobium
• Beneficial.
B. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ✅
• Major bacterial disease in rice.
C. Fusarium
• Fungus.
D. TMV
• Virus of tobacco.
Q35. The vector of rice tungro virus is:
A. Whitefly
• Vector of cotton leaf curl.
B. Green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens) ✅
• Spreads tungro virus.
C. Aphids
• Spread many viruses.
D. Mosquito
• Not plant vector.
Q36. Which bacterium is used as a biological insecticide?
A. Rhizobium
• N-fixation.
B. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) ✅
• Produces Cry toxin toxic to insect larvae.
C. Azotobacter
• Free-living N₂ fixer.
D. Lactobacillus
• Fermentation.
Q37. IPM (Integrated Pest Management) emphasizes:
A. Only chemical control
• Not sustainable.
B. Combination of biological, cultural, mechanical, and chemical methods ✅
• Eco-friendly approach.
C. Ignoring pests
• Not effective.
D. Only organic farming
• Broader concept.
Q38. Which is a draught animal widely used in Indian agriculture?
A. Sheep
• Wool/meat.
B. Bullocks/oxen ✅
• Used for plowing and transport.
C. Goat
• Meat/milk.
D. Poultry
• Eggs/meat.
Q39. White revolution in India is associated with:
A. Wheat production
• Green Revolution.
B. Milk production (Operation Flood, Dr. Verghese Kurien) ✅
• Increased dairy output.
C. Fish farming
• Blue revolution.
D. Egg production
• Silver revolution.
Q40. The Blue Revolution refers to increase in:
A. Cereal crops
• Green Revolution.
B. Fish production through aquaculture ✅
• Important for protein supply.
C. Milk production
• White revolution.
D. Poultry
• Silver revolution.
Q41. Apiculture refers to:
A. Silkworm rearing
• Sericulture.
B. Beekeeping for honey and pollination ✅
• Improves crop yields and honey production.
C. Goat farming
• Not apiculture.
D. Poultry
• Not apiculture.
Q42. Which bee species is widely domesticated in India?
A. Apis dorsata
• Wild, not domesticated.
B. Apis mellifera (European bee) ✅
• High honey yield, manageable.
C. Apis florea
• Wild, small hives.
D. Bombus
• Bumblebee, not common.
Q43. Sericulture is the production of:
A. Wool
• Sheep.
B. Silk from silkworm (Bombyx mori) ✅
• Mulberry leaves as feed.
C. Honey
• Apiculture.
D. Leather
• Not correct.
Q44. Which animal is called the “poor man’s cow” in India?
A. Goat
• Provides meat and milk, easy to rear. ✅
B. Buffalo
• Important, but not called so.
C. Sheep
• Wool and meat, less milk.
D. Pig
• Meat source.
Q45. Azolla–Anabaena symbiosis is important in:
A. Wheat
• Not used.
B. Rice fields (biological nitrogen fixation) ✅
• Common green manure practice.
C. Sugarcane
• Not used.
D. Cotton
• Not used.
Q46. Which vitamin-rich fodder is fed to cattle for better health?
A. Straw only
• Poor in nutrients.
B. Leguminous fodder crops (rich in proteins, vitamins) ✅
• Eg. berseem, clover.
C. Dry husk
• Low nutrient.
D. Only concentrates
• Expensive.
Q47. Artificial insemination in cattle is important for:
A. Wool yield
• Not relevant.
B. Improving genetic quality and productivity ✅
• Helps breed superior dairy/beef cattle.
C. Pest control
• Not purpose.
D. Increasing fodder
• Not related.
Q48. Which vaccine prevents Rinderpest disease in cattle?
A. Rabies vaccine
• Not for cattle.
B. Rinderpest vaccine ✅
• Eradicated in 2011 globally.
C. Polio vaccine
• Humans only.
D. Anthrax vaccine
• For anthrax.
Q49. Which is a self-pollinated crop?
A. Maize
• Cross-pollinated.
B. Wheat and rice ✅
• Naturally self-pollinated.
C. Sunflower
• Cross-pollinated.
D. Mustard
• Cross-pollinated.
Q50. Which is a cross-pollinated crop?
A. Wheat
• Self-pollinated.
B. Maize (Zea mays) ✅
• Wind-pollinated, highly cross-pollinated.
C. Rice
• Self-pollinated.
D. Tomato
• Largely self-pollinated.
Part 3 — Agricultural Biology MCQs (Q51–Q75)
Q51. The main aim of plant breeding is:
A. Reduce genetic diversity
• Opposite of breeding goals.
B. Develop improved crop varieties with higher yield, disease resistance, stress tolerance ✅
• Essential for food security.
C. To eliminate cross-pollination
• Not true.
D. Increase fertilizer use
• Not objective.
Q52. Hybrid vigor (heterosis) refers to:
A. Decline in traits
• Opposite.
B. Superiority of F1 hybrids over parents in yield, vigor, adaptability ✅
• Basis of hybrid crop production.
C. Only disease resistance
• Broader than that.
D. Only fruit size
• Not always.
Q53. Which method is used in producing pure lines in self-pollinated crops?
A. Cross-breeding
• For hybrids.
B. Selfing for several generations ✅
• Results in homozygous pure lines.
C. Mass selection only
• Less uniform.
D. Hybridization
• Produces variability, not pure lines.
Q54. Cross-breeding is commonly used in:
A. Rice
• Mostly self-pollinated.
B. Maize (Zea mays) ✅
• Cross-pollination increases variability, useful for hybrid maize.
C. Wheat
• Largely self-pollinated.
D. Barley
• Self-pollinated.
Q55. Mutation breeding involves:
A. Cross-pollination
• No.
B. Inducing mutations using radiation/chemicals to create new traits ✅
• Example: Sharbati Sonora wheat.
C. Tissue culture only
• Different method.
D. Grafting
• Not genetic change.
Q56. Polyploidy breeding is used for:
A. Decreasing size
• Wrong.
B. Producing seedless fruits (e.g., triploid watermelon, banana) ✅
• Also increases vigor in some crops.
C. Pest resistance only
• Not direct.
D. Reducing fertility
• Byproduct, not aim.
Q57. The National Seed Corporation (NSC) in India was established in:
A. 1901
• Too early.
B. 1963 ✅
• Promotes quality seed production and distribution.
C. 1971
• Not NSC.
D. 2000
• Too late.
Q58. Seed certification ensures:
A. Fertilizer content
• Not related.
B. Genetic purity, physical quality, germination capacity, seed health ✅
• Ensures farmers get true-to-type seeds.
C. Price control
• Not aim.
D. Export only
• Broader purpose.
Q59. Genetic erosion refers to:
A. Increase in biodiversity
• Opposite.
B. Loss of crop genetic diversity due to monoculture and habitat destruction ✅
• Conserved via gene banks.
C. Mutation breeding
• Adds diversity.
D. Grafting
• Not relevant.
Q60. Germplasm conservation is mainly done in:
A. Compost pits
• Wrong.
B. Seed banks, cryopreservation, field gene banks ✅
• Ex-situ conservation of crop diversity.
C. Irrigation tanks
• Not for seeds.
D. Tissue necrosis
• Not conservation.
Q61. ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics) is located in:
A. Delhi
• Wrong.
B. Hyderabad, India ✅
• Works on sorghum, millet, pigeon pea, chickpea, groundnut.
C. Kolkata
• Not correct.
D. Chennai
• Not correct.
Q62. Which practice reduces soil erosion most effectively?
A. Overgrazing
• Increases erosion.
B. Contour plowing, strip cropping, cover crops ✅
• Conserves soil fertility.
C. Deforestation
• Worsens erosion.
D. Excess irrigation
• Causes salinity, not prevention.
Q63. Zero tillage is recommended in:
A. Rice transplanting
• Not common.
B. Wheat after rice in Indo-Gangetic plains ✅
• Saves fuel, time, retains soil moisture.
C. Sugarcane
• Not usual.
D. Potato
• Not typical.
Q64. Organic farming avoids:
A. Compost use
• Actually promotes it.
B. Synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, GM crops ✅
• Eco-friendly, sustainable.
C. Crop rotation
• Encouraged.
D. Biological pest control
• Encouraged.
Q65. Vermiwash is:
A. Soil nutrient
• Not exactly.
B. Liquid extract from vermicompost, rich in plant growth promoters ✅
• Used as biofertilizer/biopesticide.
C. Chemical pesticide
• Not true.
D. Saline water
• Wrong.
Q66. Which gas is mainly responsible for greenhouse effect in agriculture?
A. Oxygen
• Not greenhouse gas.
B. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) ✅
• CH₄ and N₂O also important in agriculture.
C. Nitrogen
• Not major greenhouse gas.
D. Helium
• Inert.
Q67. Excess use of nitrogen fertilizer leads to:
A. Seed dormancy
• No.
B. Nitrate leaching, groundwater pollution, eutrophication ✅
• Environmental hazard.
C. Iron toxicity
• Not due to nitrogen.
D. Chlorosis
• Caused by nitrogen deficiency, not excess.
Q68. Biochar in agriculture is used for:
A. Killing pests
• Not primary.
B. Soil amendment to improve water retention and fertility ✅
• Carbon-rich, made from biomass pyrolysis.
C. Animal fodder
• Not correct.
D. Increasing salinity
• Wrong.
Q69. Allelopathy refers to:
A. Symbiosis
• Positive relation.
B. Chemical inhibition of one plant by another (allelopathic chemicals) ✅
• E.g., Black walnut releases juglone.
C. Pollination
• Not related.
D. Grafting
• Not related.
Q70. Agroforestry combines:
A. Farming + fishing only
• No.
B. Crops + trees + livestock for sustainable farming ✅
• Enhances biodiversity, soil fertility, income.
C. Fertilizers + crops
• Not forestry.
D. Irrigation only
• Not complete.
Q71. Which farming practice conserves soil moisture in drylands?
A. Flood irrigation
• Wastes water.
B. Mulching and contour bunding ✅
• Reduces evaporation and runoff.
C. Deforestation
• Harms soil.
D. Deep plowing
• May lose moisture.
Q72. Hydroponics is:
A. Crop rotation
• Not true.
B. Soilless cultivation of plants in nutrient solutions ✅
• Increases efficiency and saves space.
C. Vertical farming only
• Not same.
D. Aquaculture
• Fish farming.
Q73. Aeroponics differs from hydroponics in that plants:
A. Grow in soil
• No soil.
B. Grow in air with roots sprayed with nutrient mist ✅
• Faster growth, used in seed potato production.
C. Grow underwater
• Wrong.
D. Grow only on trees
• Not true.
Q74. Which system integrates fish farming with crop cultivation?
A. Vermiculture
• Earthworms.
B. Aquaponics ✅
• Combines aquaculture (fish) + hydroponics (plants).
C. Apiculture
• Bees.
D. Sericulture
• Silkworms.
Q75. The National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI) is located in:
A. Hyderabad
• Not correct.
B. Karnal, Haryana ✅
• Premier dairy research institute of India.
C. Bengaluru
• Not HQ.
D. Pune
• Not HQ.
Part 4 — Agricultural Biology MCQs (Q76–Q100)
Q76. The first genetically modified crop approved in India was:
A. Rice
• Not first.
B. Bt Cotton (2002) ✅
• Engineered for bollworm resistance.
C. Tomato
• Flavr Savr was first globally, not in India.
D. Wheat
• No GM wheat yet.
Q77. Bt toxin in Bt cotton is encoded by genes from:
A. Rhizobium
• N-fixation.
B. Bacillus thuringiensis ✅
• Cry genes produce insecticidal protein.
C. Azotobacter
• Not Bt.
D. Lactobacillus
• Fermentation bacteria.
Q78. Golden rice was developed to combat:
A. Kwashiorkor
• Protein deficiency.
B. Vitamin A deficiency (blindness prevention) ✅
• Contains beta-carotene.
C. Iron deficiency anemia
• Different biofortified crops.
D. Goitre
• Iodine deficiency.
Q79. Which gene-editing tool is widely used in agriculture today?
A. Southern blotting
• DNA detection only.
B. CRISPR-Cas9 ✅
• Precise genome editing in crops.
C. Gel electrophoresis
• Separation technique.
D. ELISA
• Diagnostic tool.
Q80. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is especially useful for:
A. Traits with low heritability, like disease resistance ✅
• DNA markers speed up breeding.
B. Only flower color
• Too narrow.
C. Fertilizer response
• Not directly.
D. Photosynthesis
• Not yet practical.
Q81. Tissue culture in agriculture is used for:
A. Manual pollination
• Not related.
B. Micropropagation of disease-free, uniform plants ✅
• Banana, sugarcane, orchids.
C. Soil fertility
• Not relevant.
D. Pest control
• Not purpose.
Q82. Embryo rescue technique is used in:
A. Soil management
• Not true.
B. Plant breeding to save weak hybrid embryos ✅
• Allows interspecific/interspecific hybrids.
C. Fertilizer application
• No.
D. Animal husbandry
• Not used.
Q83. Artificial insemination in cattle is practiced to:
A. Reduce milk yield
• Opposite.
B. Improve genetic quality, prevent diseases, increase productivity ✅
• Economical breeding method.
C. Avoid crop rotation
• Not relevant.
D. Increase fodder
• Not related.
Q84. MOET (Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer) is a technique used in:
A. Fish farming
• No.
B. Cattle breeding to produce elite offspring ✅
• Hormone-induced superovulation + embryo transfer.
C. Bee culture
• No.
D. Poultry
• Not used.
Q85. Dolly the sheep was the first mammal cloned using:
A. Fertilization in vitro
• Not cloning.
B. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) ✅
• 1996 breakthrough in biotechnology.
C. Embryo splitting
• Not Dolly.
D. Parthenogenesis
• Not mammalian.
Q86. Hydroponics is particularly beneficial in:
A. Flood-prone fields
• Not effective.
B. Areas with poor soil fertility/urban farming ✅
• Plants grow in nutrient solutions.
C. Rain-fed agriculture only
• No.
D. High-altitude grazing
• Not correct.
Q87. Which practice is most eco-friendly for pest management?
A. Heavy pesticide sprays
• Not sustainable.
B. Biological control using natural predators, pathogens ✅
• Example: ladybird beetles against aphids.
C. Genetic erosion
• Not desirable.
D. Monoculture
• Increases pest risk.
Q88. Biofertilizers include:
A. Synthetic urea
• Chemical.
B. Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Blue-green algae ✅
• Provide nutrients naturally.
C. DDT
• Pesticide.
D. Gypsum
• Soil amendment, not biofertilizer.
Q89. Agroecology emphasizes:
A. High pesticide use
• Opposite.
B. Integration of ecological principles in agriculture for sustainability ✅
• Conserves biodiversity, soil, and water.
C. Genetic erosion
• Opposite.
D. Only livestock farming
• Too narrow.
Q90. Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used in GM crops because:
A. Fixes nitrogen
• No.
B. Ti plasmid transfers foreign DNA into plants ✅
• Natural genetic engineer of plants.
C. Produces antibiotics
• Not its role.
D. Provides vitamins
• Not correct.
Q91. Somatic hybridization in plants involves:
A. Normal sexual crossing
• Not true.
B. Fusion of protoplasts from two different species ✅
• Creates hybrids not possible by normal breeding.
C. Mutation breeding
• Induced mutations.
D. Polyploidy
• Different process.
Q92. ICAR stands for:
A. Indian Council of Animal Research
• Wrong.
B. Indian Council of Agricultural Research ✅
• Apex agricultural body in India.
C. International Crop and Rice Institute
• Not ICAR.
D. Indian Council of Applied Research
• Wrong expansion.
Q93. Which is an example of biofortified crop in India?
A. Normal rice
• No fortification.
B. Iron-fortified pearl millet (Bajra) ✅
• Developed to combat anemia.
C. Potato
• Staple, not biofortified yet.
D. Cotton
• Fiber crop.
Q94. Climate-smart agriculture mainly focuses on:
A. Only fertilizers
• Too narrow.
B. Adaptation to climate change, mitigation, and productivity ✅
• Sustainable farming approach.
C. Deforestation
• Opposite.
D. Pesticide dependence
• Opposite.
Q95. Which farming method uses renewable resources, recycling, minimum chemicals?
A. Industrial farming
• Not eco-friendly.
B. Organic farming ✅
• Uses compost, biofertilizers, biopesticides.
C. Conventional farming
• Relies on chemicals.
D. GM farming
• Not organic.
Q96. Precision farming uses:
A. Guesswork for fertilizers
• Opposite.
B. GPS, drones, sensors, data analysis for efficient input use ✅
• Increases yield, reduces waste.
C. Only pesticides
• Wrong.
D. Random irrigation
• Not precision.
Q97. Which of the following is a fodder crop?
A. Mustard
• Oilseed.
B. Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) ✅
• Popular fodder legume.
C. Cotton
• Fiber.
D. Jute
• Fiber.
Q98. Which animal provides pashmina wool?
A. Sheep
• Regular wool.
B. Changthangi goat (Kashmir) ✅
• Produces fine Pashmina wool.
C. Yak
• Hair used, but not pashmina.
D. Camel
• Coarse wool.
Q99. Which revolution is linked to egg production?
A. Blue revolution
• Fish.
B. White revolution
• Milk.
C. Silver revolution ✅
• Rapid growth in poultry & egg industry.
D. Golden revolution
• Fruits/horticulture.
Q100. Why is agricultural biology important for exams like NEET, USMLE, GRE, IMAT?
A. Only rural importance
• Too narrow.
B. Links biology with food, environment, biotechnology, human nutrition — core for competitive exams ✅
• Covers applied concepts.
C. Only crop science
• Broader than that.
D. Only for farmers
• Also crucial for medical/public health.
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