CBSE Class 12 Biotechnology Syllabus 2025–26 | NCERT

CBSE Class 12 – Biotechnology
(Based on NCERT | Latest CBSE Curriculum 2025–26)

---

🧬 CLASS 12 – BIOTECHNOLOGY

Board: CBSE
Subject: Biotechnology
Academic Year: 2025–26

---

📝 QUESTION PATTERN & MARKING SCHEME (CBSE)

Theory Examination: 70 Marks
Time: 3 Hours

Question Paper Structure

• Section A: MCQs / Very Short Answer Questions (1 mark each)
• Section B: Short Answer Questions (2 marks each)
• Section C: Short Answer Questions (3 marks each)
• Section D: Long Answer Questions (5 marks each)
• Section E: Case-based / Application-based Questions
• Internal choices as per CBSE guidelines
• Map-based questions: Not applicable

Practical Examination: 30 Marks

• Experiments & Techniques
• Practical Record File
• Project Work
• Viva Voce

Total Marks: 100 (70 Theory + 30 Practical)

---

📚 SYLLABUS – UNIT-WISE (AS PER NCERT & CBSE 2025–26)

NCERT Book: Biotechnology – Class XII

Unit	Chapter Title	Learning Outcomes / Chapter Summary
Unit I	Biotechnology: Principles and Processes	Understand tools of genetic engineering, restriction enzymes, vectors, cloning and bioprocessing.
Unit II	Recombinant DNA Technology	Learn gene cloning steps, PCR, blotting techniques and applications of rDNA technology.
Unit III	Gene Expression and Regulation	Study transcription, translation, gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Unit IV	Genomics and Proteomics	Understand genome sequencing, bioinformatics basics and protein analysis techniques.
Unit V	Biotechnology and Human Health	Learn applications of biotechnology in medicine, vaccines, diagnostics and gene therapy.
Unit VI	Biotechnology in Agriculture	Study genetically modified crops, transgenic plants and agricultural biotechnology.
Unit VII	Industrial Biotechnology	Understand fermentation technology, bioreactors and production of enzymes and metabolites.
Unit VIII	Environmental Biotechnology	Learn bioremediation, waste management and environmental applications of biotechnology.
Unit IX	Bioethics and Biosafety	Understand ethical issues, biosafety regulations and intellectual property rights.
Unit X	Career Opportunities in Biotechnology	Explore higher studies, research fields and career options in biotechnology.

---

🧪 PRACTICAL SYLLABUS (CLASS XII)

Area	Activities	Skills Developed
Molecular Techniques	DNA isolation, electrophoresis	Laboratory and analytical skills
Microbiology	Culture techniques, sterilisation	Precision and safety awareness
Biochemical Tests	Enzyme activity experiments	Experimental accuracy
Project Work	Biotechnology-based investigatory project	Research and presentation
Viva Voce	Concept explanation	Conceptual clarity

---

📌 PEDAGOGY & ASSESSMENT NOTES

• Strong focus on conceptual understanding and laboratory skills
• Practical work enhances research-oriented learning
• Case-based questions test real-life applications of biotechnology
• NCERT textbook and lab manual are essential for board preparation

---

🔍 RELATED KEYPHRASES

1. CBSE Class 12 Biotechnology Syllabus 2025-26
2. NCERT Biotechnology Class 12 Curriculum
3. Class 12 Biotechnology Exam Pattern CBSE
4. CBSE Biotechnology Practical Syllabus
5. Recombinant DNA Technology Class 12

---

❓ FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQs)

Q1. How many marks are allotted for theory in Class 12 Biotechnology?
The theory examination carries 70 marks.

Q2. Is the practical exam compulsory in Biotechnology?
Yes, 30 marks practical examination is mandatory.

Q3. Is Biotechnology different from Biology in Class 12?
Yes, Biotechnology is more technology- and application-oriented, focusing on genetic engineering and industrial processes.

Q4. Is NCERT sufficient for CBSE Class 12 Biotechnology?
Yes, NCERT textbooks and laboratory manuals are sufficient for board exams.

Q5. What career options are available after studying Biotechnology?
Students can pursue careers in research, medicine, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, bioinformatics and genetic engineering.

---