Chapter 2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants – MCQs
🌱 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants – MCQs
Part 1: Questions 1–25
Q1. In angiosperms, the male gametophyte is represented by:
a) Microspore mother cell
b) Pollen grain
c) Anther
d) Stamen
✅ Answer: b) Pollen grain
Explanation: The pollen grain (microspore) develops into the male gametophyte in flowering plants, producing male gametes.
Q2. The anther is typically bilobed and each lobe has:
a) One microsporangium
b) Two microsporangia
c) Three microsporangia
d) Four microsporangia
✅ Answer: b) Two microsporangia
Explanation: Each bilobed anther has two thecae; each theca contains two microsporangia → total four microsporangia per anther.
Q3. The wall layer of microsporangium that nourishes developing pollen grains is:
a) Epidermis
b) Endothecium
c) Tapetum
d) Middle layers
✅ Answer: c) Tapetum
Explanation: The tapetum provides nutrition, enzymes, and growth factors essential for pollen development.
Q4. In angiosperms, meiosis occurs in:
a) Pollen grain
b) Microspore mother cell
c) Endosperm
d) Ovary wall
✅ Answer: b) Microspore mother cell
Explanation: Microspore mother cells (2n) undergo meiosis to produce haploid microspores (pollen grains).
Q5. The outermost wall layer of pollen grain is:
a) Intine
b) Sporopollenin
c) Exine
d) Cellulose layer
✅ Answer: c) Exine
Explanation: Pollen wall has two layers – exine (outer, made of sporopollenin) and intine (inner, made of cellulose and pectin).
Q6. The most resistant organic material in pollen wall is:
a) Lignin
b) Sporopollenin
c) Cutin
d) Cellulose
✅ Answer: b) Sporopollenin
Explanation: Sporopollenin is highly resistant to heat, chemicals, and microbial decay, ensuring pollen preservation for millions of years.
Q7. Which part of the flower develops into fruit after fertilization?
a) Ovule
b) Ovary
c) Stigma
d) Style
✅ Answer: b) Ovary
Explanation: After fertilization, the ovary develops into fruit and the ovules develop into seeds.
Q8. The female gametophyte in angiosperms is commonly called:
a) Ovule
b) Megaspore
c) Embryo sac
d) Egg cell
✅ Answer: c) Embryo sac
Explanation: The female gametophyte in flowering plants is the embryo sac, typically 7-celled and 8-nucleate.
Q9. The typical monosporic embryo sac develops from:
a) All four megaspores
b) One functional megaspore
c) Three megaspores
d) Two megaspores
✅ Answer: b) One functional megaspore
Explanation: Out of four megaspores formed, only one survives and gives rise to the female gametophyte.
Q10. Synergids in embryo sac are important for:
a) Double fertilization
b) Nutrient supply
c) Pollen tube guidance
d) Embryo development
✅ Answer: c) Pollen tube guidance
Explanation: Synergids secrete attractants that guide the pollen tube toward the egg apparatus.
Q11. The process of fusion of male gamete with egg cell is called:
a) Syngamy
b) Triple fusion
c) Pollination
d) Fertilization
✅ Answer: a) Syngamy
Explanation: Syngamy = fusion of male gamete + egg cell → forms diploid zygote.
Q12. Double fertilization was discovered by:
a) Strasburger
b) Nawaschin
c) Hofmeister
d) Maheshwari
✅ Answer: b) Nawaschin
Explanation: Nawaschin (1898) first reported double fertilization in Lilium and Fritillaria.
Q13. Double fertilization involves:
a) Two pollen grains
b) Two sperm nuclei
c) Two egg cells
d) Two ovules
✅ Answer: b) Two sperm nuclei
Explanation: One sperm nucleus fuses with the egg (syngamy), the other fuses with polar nuclei (triple fusion).
Q14. Triple fusion results in the formation of:
a) Zygote
b) Endosperm
c) Embryo
d) Fruit
✅ Answer: b) Endosperm
Explanation: Fusion of sperm nucleus with two polar nuclei forms primary endosperm nucleus (3n) → develops into endosperm.
Q15. The product of syngamy is:
a) Endosperm
b) Zygote
c) Embryo sac
d) Fruit
✅ Answer: b) Zygote
Explanation: Fusion of male gamete with egg cell forms a diploid zygote.
Q16. Pollen-pistil interaction ensures:
a) Cross pollination
b) Self-incompatibility
c) Recognition and acceptance/rejection of pollen
d) Double fertilization
✅ Answer: c) Recognition and acceptance/rejection of pollen
Explanation: Pollen-pistil interaction allows pistil to accept compatible pollen and reject incompatible pollen.
Q17. Pollination by insects is known as:
a) Anemophily
b) Hydrophily
c) Entomophily
d) Ornithophily
✅ Answer: c) Entomophily
Explanation: Pollination by insects is entomophily. Example: Sunflower, Salvia.
Q18. In Vallisneria, pollination takes place by:
a) Wind
b) Insects
c) Water
d) Birds
✅ Answer: c) Water
Explanation: Vallisneria shows hydrophily (water pollination).
Q19. Pollen grains of wind-pollinated flowers are generally:
a) Sticky and large
b) Dry and light
c) Spiny
d) Heavy and moist
✅ Answer: b) Dry and light
Explanation: Wind-pollinated flowers produce smooth, dry, lightweight pollen grains for easy dispersal.
Q20. Example of self-pollination promoting device is:
a) Cleistogamy
b) Dichogamy
c) Herkogamy
d) Heterostyly
✅ Answer: a) Cleistogamy
Explanation: In cleistogamous flowers (e.g., Viola, Oxalis), flowers never open → ensuring self-pollination.
Q21. Which part of the ovule forms seed coat after fertilization?
a) Integuments
b) Nucellus
c) Embryo sac
d) Funiculus
✅ Answer: a) Integuments
Explanation: Integuments of ovule → seed coat after fertilization.
Q22. The fusion of male gamete with polar nuclei is termed:
a) Syngamy
b) Triple fusion
c) Endosperm formation
d) Pollination
✅ Answer: b) Triple fusion
Explanation: Triple fusion = male gamete + two polar nuclei → forms 3n primary endosperm nucleus.
Q23. In angiosperms, endosperm is generally:
a) Haploid
b) Diploid
c) Triploid
d) Tetraploid
✅ Answer: c) Triploid
Explanation: Endosperm forms by fusion of 1 male gamete (n) + 2 polar nuclei (n + n) → triploid (3n).
Q24. Apomixis refers to:
a) Fertilization without gametes
b) Asexual reproduction through seeds
c) Embryo formation without fertilization
d) Fusion of gametes
✅ Answer: b) Asexual reproduction through seeds
Explanation: Apomixis = production of seeds without fertilization, e.g., Citrus, Mango.
Q25. Polyembryony refers to:
a) Fertilization of many eggs
b) Development of more than one embryo in a seed
c) Formation of many seeds
d) Fusion of gametes
✅ Answer: b) Development of more than one embryo in a seed
Explanation: Polyembryony = more than one embryo in a seed, e.g., Citrus, Mango.
🌱 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants – MCQs
Part 2: Questions 26–50
Q26. The pollen tube enters the ovule through:
a) Micropyle
b) Chalaza
c) Funiculus
d) Nucellus
✅ Answer: a) Micropyle
Explanation: The pollen tube penetrates the ovule via the micropyle to deliver sperm nuclei to the egg apparatus.
Q27. The part of the embryo sac opposite to micropyle is called:
a) Chalazal end
b) Micropylar end
c) Funicular end
d) Integumental end
✅ Answer: a) Chalazal end
Explanation: The chalazal end is opposite the micropyle and may contain antipodal cells.
Q28. The egg apparatus in an embryo sac consists of:
a) Egg + 2 synergids
b) Egg + 3 antipodals
c) 2 polar nuclei + egg
d) Egg only
✅ Answer: a) Egg + 2 synergids
Explanation: Egg apparatus = 1 egg cell + 2 synergids, located at micropylar end.
Q29. The central cell of the embryo sac contains:
a) One polar nucleus
b) Two polar nuclei
c) Three antipodals
d) Egg + synergids
✅ Answer: b) Two polar nuclei
Explanation: The central cell (before fertilization) has 2 haploid polar nuclei, which fuse with a sperm nucleus during triple fusion.
Q30. In most angiosperms, the typical embryo sac has:
a) 4 cells
b) 5 cells
c) 6 cells
d) 7 cells
✅ Answer: d) 7 cells
Explanation: The mature embryo sac is 7-celled, 8-nucleate: 1 egg, 2 synergids, 3 antipodals, 1 central cell (2 polar nuclei).
Q31. Which of the following is the site of fertilization?
a) Ovary wall
b) Embryo sac
c) Style
d) Anther
✅ Answer: b) Embryo sac
Explanation: Fertilization occurs inside the embryo sac, where male gamete fuses with egg/polar nuclei.
Q32. Endosperm develops from:
a) Egg cell
b) Synergid
c) Primary endosperm nucleus
d) Antipodal cell
✅ Answer: c) Primary endosperm nucleus
Explanation: The fusion of sperm with polar nuclei forms the triploid primary endosperm nucleus → develops into endosperm.
Q33. Example of hydrophilous flower is:
a) Vallisneria
b) Hibiscus
c) Mustard
d) Sunflower
✅ Answer: a) Vallisneria
Explanation: Vallisneria is water-pollinated (hydrophily), common in aquatic plants.
Q34. Ornithophily refers to pollination by:
a) Insects
b) Birds
c) Wind
d) Water
✅ Answer: b) Birds
Explanation: Flowers adapted for bird pollination are often tubular, bright-colored, and produce nectar.
Q35. The transfer of pollen from anther to stigma is called:
a) Fertilization
b) Pollination
c) Syngamy
d) Triple fusion
✅ Answer: b) Pollination
Explanation: Pollination is the mechanical transfer of pollen; fertilization occurs later.
Q36. Self-incompatibility prevents:
a) Cross-pollination
b) Self-pollination
c) Fertilization by compatible pollen
d) Pollen tube growth
✅ Answer: b) Self-pollination
Explanation: Self-incompatibility is a genetic mechanism that prevents self-fertilization in flowering plants.
Q37. Example of cleistogamous flower is:
a) Viola
b) Hibiscus
c) Rose
d) Mustard
✅ Answer: a) Viola
Explanation: Cleistogamous flowers never open, ensuring self-pollination.
Q38. The embryo develops from:
a) Egg
b) Synergid
c) Antipodal cell
d) Polar nuclei
✅ Answer: a) Egg
Explanation: The zygote, formed by fertilization of the egg, develops into the embryo.
Q39. Perisperm is formed from:
a) Nucellus
b) Integument
c) Embryo sac
d) Ovary wall
✅ Answer: a) Nucellus
Explanation: Perisperm = nutritive tissue from nucellus, distinct from endosperm, seen in some plants like Ceratophyllum.
Q40. Polyembryony can be:
a) Zygotic
b) Adventive
c) Cleavage
d) All of these
✅ Answer: d) All of these
Explanation: Polyembryony may arise from multiple zygotes, cleavage of zygote, or adventive embryos from nucellus.
Q41. Cross-pollination ensures:
a) Genetic variability
b) Clonal reproduction
c) Asexual propagation
d) Polyembryony
✅ Answer: a) Genetic variability
Explanation: Cross-pollination introduces new combinations of alleles, increasing variation.
Q42. Dichogamy prevents:
a) Cross-pollination
b) Self-pollination
c) Fertilization
d) Endosperm formation
✅ Answer: b) Self-pollination
Explanation: In dichogamy, stamens and carpels mature at different times, preventing selfing.
Q43. Example of protandrous flower:
a) Sunflower
b) Hibiscus
c) Mustard
d) Tobacco
✅ Answer: a) Sunflower
Explanation: In protandry, anthers mature before stigma, reducing self-pollination.
Q44. Heterostyly in plants prevents:
a) Cross-pollination
b) Self-pollination
c) Fertilization
d) Pollen formation
✅ Answer: b) Self-pollination
Explanation: Heterostyly = presence of different style lengths in flowers → encourages cross-pollination.
Q45. Fertilization followed by endosperm development is called:
a) Double fertilization
b) Single fertilization
c) Triple fusion
d) Polyembryony
✅ Answer: a) Double fertilization
Explanation: Double fertilization = one sperm fuses with egg, the other with polar nuclei → unique to angiosperms.
Q46. Endosperm in coconut is:
a) Diploid
b) Triploid
c) Polyploid
d) Haploid
✅ Answer: b) Triploid
Explanation: Formed by fusion of 1 sperm + 2 polar nuclei → triploid (3n).
Q47. Chalazal end of ovule contains:
a) Egg cell
b) Antipodal cells
c) Polar nuclei
d) Synergids
✅ Answer: b) Antipodal cells
Explanation: Antipodals (usually 3) are located at the chalazal end of the embryo sac.
Q48. The fusion of two male gametes with egg and polar nuclei is:
a) Fertilization
b) Double fertilization
c) Syngamy
d) Triple fusion
✅ Answer: b) Double fertilization
Explanation: One sperm + egg → zygote; another sperm + 2 polar nuclei → endosperm = double fertilization.
Q49. The seed coat is derived from:
a) Integuments
b) Nucellus
c) Endosperm
d) Embryo
✅ Answer: a) Integuments
Explanation: After fertilization, ovule integuments harden to form seed coat/testa.
Q50. The pollen grain germinates on:
a) Ovary
b) Stigma
c) Style
d) Anther
✅ Answer: b) Stigma
Explanation: Pollen grain lands on stigma, germinates, and forms pollen tube to deliver sperm nuclei.
🌱 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants – MCQs
Part 3: Questions 51–75
Q51. Pollen tube grows through which tissue of the style?
a) Epidermis
b) Transmitting tissue
c) Integument
d) Funiculus
✅ Answer: b) Transmitting tissue
Explanation: The transmitting tissue in the style guides the pollen tube toward the ovule.
Q52. The first cell division of zygote in plants is:
a) Transverse
b) Longitudinal
c) Oblique
d) Random
✅ Answer: c) Oblique
Explanation: In most angiosperms, the zygote divides obliquely, producing basal and terminal cells.
Q53. Basal cell of zygote develops into:
a) Embryo proper
b) Suspensor
c) Cotyledons
d) Endosperm
✅ Answer: b) Suspensor
Explanation: Basal cell elongates to form suspensor, which anchors and nourishes the embryo.
Q54. Terminal cell of zygote forms:
a) Suspensor
b) Embryo proper
c) Seed coat
d) Endosperm
✅ Answer: b) Embryo proper
Explanation: The terminal cell divides and differentiates into the main embryo.
Q55. The first division of zygote in most angiosperms is:
a) Equal
b) Unequal
c) Symmetric
d) Holoblastic
✅ Answer: b) Unequal
Explanation: Zygote divides unequally → basal cell + terminal cell, leading to suspensor and embryo proper.
Q56. The endosperm in monocots is:
a) Fleshy and persistent
b) Absorbed by cotyledons
c) Absent
d) Leaf-like
✅ Answer: a) Fleshy and persistent
Explanation: In monocots (e.g., maize, coconut), endosperm persists in mature seed for nourishment.
Q57. In dicots, endosperm is:
a) Persistent
b) Absorbed by cotyledons
c) Haploid
d) Triploid only in basal cell
✅ Answer: b) Absorbed by cotyledons
Explanation: In most dicots (e.g., groundnut, gram), cotyledons absorb endosperm during seed development.
Q58. Perisperm is:
a) Diploid nutritive tissue from nucellus
b) Triploid tissue from polar nuclei
c) Gametophytic tissue
d) Part of seed coat
✅ Answer: a) Diploid nutritive tissue from nucellus
Explanation: Perisperm = 2n tissue from nucellus, found in plants like Ceratophyllum.
Q59. Example of apomixis in flowering plants:
a) Citrus
b) Lilium
c) Hibiscus
d) Zea
✅ Answer: a) Citrus
Explanation: Apomixis = asexual seed formation without fertilization. Citrus, mango, and dandelion show this.
Q60. Cleavage polyembryony is observed in:
a) Citrus
b) Mango
c) Groundnut
d) Maize
✅ Answer: b) Mango
Explanation: Zygote splits to produce multiple embryos → cleavage polyembryony in mango.
Q61. Adventive embryos develop from:
a) Zygote
b) Nucellus or integuments
c) Polar nuclei
d) Synergids
✅ Answer: b) Nucellus or integuments
Explanation: In adventive polyembryony, embryos arise without fertilization, e.g., citrus.
Q62. Gymnosperms differ from angiosperms in sexual reproduction because:
a) They have double fertilization
b) Their female gametophyte is free-nuclear
c) Pollen tube is absent
d) They produce fruits
✅ Answer: b) Their female gametophyte is free-nuclear
Explanation: Gymnosperms lack true embryo sac; the female gametophyte is free-nuclear.
Q63. Self-pollination is ensured by:
a) Cleistogamy
b) Dichogamy
c) Heterostyly
d) Anemophily
✅ Answer: a) Cleistogamy
Explanation: Cleistogamous flowers never open, ensuring self-pollination.
Q64. Entomophilous flowers are generally:
a) Colorless and odorless
b) Bright-colored and fragrant
c) Small and inconspicuous
d) Wind-resistant
✅ Answer: b) Bright-colored and fragrant
Explanation: Entomophilous flowers attract insects with color, scent, and nectar.
Q65. Example of protogynous flower:
a) Hibiscus
b) Sunflower
c) Mustard
d) Petunia
✅ Answer: a) Hibiscus
Explanation: Protogyny → carpels mature before stamens, reducing self-pollination.
Q66. The nutritive tissue in seeds can be:
a) Endosperm or perisperm
b) Seed coat
c) Cotyledons only
d) Funiculus
✅ Answer: a) Endosperm or perisperm
Explanation: Seeds may have endosperm (3n) or perisperm (2n) as reserve tissue.
Q67. Triple fusion occurs between:
a) Egg + sperm
b) Polar nuclei + sperm
c) Synergid + sperm
d) Antipodal + sperm
✅ Answer: b) Polar nuclei + sperm
Explanation: Triple fusion = 1 sperm nucleus + 2 polar nuclei → primary endosperm nucleus.
Q68. The mature male gametophyte in angiosperms is:
a) 1-celled
b) 2-celled or 3-celled
c) 4-celled
d) Multinucleate
✅ Answer: b) 2-celled or 3-celled
Explanation: Pollen grains may be 2-celled (vegetative + generative) or 3-celled (vegetative + 2 sperms).
Q69. Synergids are:
a) Part of endosperm
b) Nutrient-providing cells
c) Cells guiding pollen tube
d) Haploid leaf-like structures
✅ Answer: c) Cells guiding pollen tube
Explanation: Synergids at micropylar end secrete chemicals to guide pollen tube toward egg.
Q70. Triploid endosperm develops into:
a) Embryo
b) Seed coat
c) Food storage tissue
d) Cotyledons
✅ Answer: c) Food storage tissue
Explanation: Endosperm (3n) serves as nutritive tissue for embryo and seedling.
Q71. The main purpose of suspensor is:
a) Protecting seed coat
b) Absorbing food from endosperm
c) Photosynthesis
d) Pollen reception
✅ Answer: b) Absorbing food from endosperm
Explanation: Suspensor cells push embryo into endosperm and transfer nutrients to embryo proper.
Q72. Coleoptile is found in:
a) Dicot seeds
b) Monocot seeds
c) Gymnosperms
d) Bryophytes
✅ Answer: b) Monocot seeds
Explanation: Coleoptile = protective sheath covering shoot in monocot embryos (e.g., maize).
Q73. Coleorhiza is:
a) Protective sheath of root in monocot
b) Cotyledon
c) Seed coat
d) Embryo proper
✅ Answer: a) Protective sheath of root in monocot
Explanation: Coleorhiza protects radicle in monocot embryo during germination.
Q74. Typical dicot embryo has:
a) One cotyledon
b) Two cotyledons
c) Three cotyledons
d) Multiple cotyledons
✅ Answer: b) Two cotyledons
Explanation: Dicots have 2 cotyledons, e.g., gram, groundnut.
Q75. Monocot embryo has:
a) Two cotyledons
b) One cotyledon
c) Three cotyledons
d) None
✅ Answer: b) One cotyledon
Explanation: Monocots (maize, rice) have single cotyledon.
🌱 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants – MCQs
Part 4: Questions 76–100
Q76. The function of cotyledons is to:
a) Protect embryo
b) Absorb and store nutrients
c) Form seed coat
d) Guide pollen tube
✅ Answer: b) Absorb and store nutrients
Explanation: Cotyledons store or absorb nutrients from endosperm for embryo development.
Q77. In monocots, the cotyledon is called:
a) Epicotyl
b) Hypocotyl
c) Scutellum
d) Plumule
✅ Answer: c) Scutellum
Explanation: In monocots, the single cotyledon is called scutellum, e.g., in maize.
Q78. Epicotyl develops into:
a) Root
b) Shoot above cotyledons
c) Cotyledons
d) Seed coat
✅ Answer: b) Shoot above cotyledons
Explanation: Epicotyl grows into the upper portion of seedling shoot.
Q79. Hypocotyl develops into:
a) Radicle
b) Plumule
c) Part of stem below cotyledons
d) Endosperm
✅ Answer: c) Part of stem below cotyledons
Explanation: Hypocotyl forms stem portion between radicle and cotyledons.
Q80. Radicle develops into:
a) Shoot
b) Root
c) Cotyledon
d) Endosperm
✅ Answer: b) Root
Explanation: Radicle is the embryonic root that grows downward during germination.
Q81. The pollen tube carries:
a) Vegetative nucleus only
b) Sperm nuclei
c) Egg cell
d) Embryo
✅ Answer: b) Sperm nuclei
Explanation: Pollen tube delivers two sperm nuclei to the embryo sac for double fertilization.
Q82. The term “double fertilization” was coined by:
a) Strasburger
b) Nawaschin
c) Hofmeister
d) Maheshwari
✅ Answer: b) Nawaschin
Explanation: Nawaschin (1898) discovered fusion of one sperm with egg and another with polar nuclei in angiosperms.
Q83. Primary endosperm nucleus is:
a) Haploid
b) Diploid
c) Triploid
d) Tetraploid
✅ Answer: c) Triploid
Explanation: 1 sperm (n) + 2 polar nuclei (n + n) → 3n primary endosperm nucleus.
Q84. Funiculus connects:
a) Ovule to ovary wall
b) Embryo to seed coat
c) Pollen to stigma
d) Endosperm to embryo
✅ Answer: a) Ovule to ovary wall
Explanation: Funiculus is the stalk connecting ovule to placenta.
Q85. Chalaza is the region of ovule:
a) Opposite micropyle
b) Near micropyle
c) Containing embryo
d) Forming pollen tube
✅ Answer: a) Opposite micropyle
Explanation: Chalaza = base of ovule where nucellus and integuments join opposite the micropyle.
Q86. Types of pollination based on pollen source include:
a) Self- and cross-pollination
b) Anemophily only
c) Hydrophily only
d) Entomophily only
✅ Answer: a) Self- and cross-pollination
Explanation: Pollination is classified as self-pollination (same flower) and cross-pollination (different flower).
Q87. Protogyny and protandry prevent:
a) Cross-pollination
b) Self-pollination
c) Fertilization
d) Endosperm formation
✅ Answer: b) Self-pollination
Explanation: Protogyny (carpel matures first) and protandry (stamens mature first) reduce self-fertilization.
Q88. Flowers with unisexual male and female flowers on the same plant are:
a) Dioecious
b) Monoecious
c) Bisexual
d) Cleistogamous
✅ Answer: b) Monoecious
Explanation: Monoecious plants (e.g., maize, cucumber) have separate male and female flowers on same plant.
Q89. Flowers with male and female flowers on different plants are:
a) Monoecious
b) Dioecious
c) Cleistogamous
d) Bisexual
✅ Answer: b) Dioecious
Explanation: Dioecious plants (e.g., papaya, date palm) have male and female flowers on separate plants.
Q90. Endosperm formation without fertilization is called:
a) Autonomous endosperm
b) Zygotic endosperm
c) Perisperm
d) Polyembryony
✅ Answer: a) Autonomous endosperm
Explanation: Some plants can form endosperm without fertilization, e.g., in apomictic species.
Q91. The nutritive tissue in seeds may be:
a) Haploid
b) Diploid
c) Triploid
d) Both b & c
✅ Answer: d) Both b & c
Explanation: Endosperm = triploid (3n), perisperm = diploid (2n).
Q92. The ovule is attached to placenta via:
a) Funiculus
b) Chalaza
c) Micropyle
d) Nucellus
✅ Answer: a) Funiculus
Explanation: Funiculus connects ovule to ovary wall via placenta.
Q93. The nucellus is:
a) Protective layer of ovule
b) Embryo sac wall
c) Nutritive tissue for embryo sac
d) Male gametophyte
✅ Answer: c) Nutritive tissue for embryo sac
Explanation: Nucellus surrounds embryo sac and provides nourishment.
Q94. Triple fusion leads to formation of:
a) Zygote
b) Endosperm
c) Seed coat
d) Embryo proper
✅ Answer: b) Endosperm
Explanation: Sperm + 2 polar nuclei = triploid primary endosperm nucleus → endosperm.
Q95. Self-pollination occurs in:
a) Chasmogamous flowers
b) Cleistogamous flowers
c) Dioecious plants
d) Monoecious plants
✅ Answer: b) Cleistogamous flowers
Explanation: Cleistogamous flowers never open → automatic self-pollination.
Q96. Wind-pollinated flowers are generally:
a) Small, light, and odorless
b) Large, sticky, and fragrant
c) Colorful
d) Tubular
✅ Answer: a) Small, light, and odorless
Explanation: Anemophilous flowers produce dry, light pollen grains for wind dispersal.
Q97. Entomophilous flowers usually produce:
a) Large amounts of pollen
b) Sticky and heavy pollen
c) Light pollen
d) None
✅ Answer: b) Sticky and heavy pollen
Explanation: Insect-pollinated flowers produce sticky, heavy pollen grains that adhere to insects.
Q98. Integuments of ovule develop into:
a) Embryo
b) Seed coat
c) Endosperm
d) Funiculus
✅ Answer: b) Seed coat
Explanation: Ovule integuments harden after fertilization to form seed coat/testa.
Q99. The embryo sac is also called:
a) Male gametophyte
b) Female gametophyte
c) Zygote
d) Endosperm
✅ Answer: b) Female gametophyte
Explanation: Embryo sac = female gametophyte in angiosperms.
Q100. Double fertilization results in formation of:
a) Zygote and endosperm
b) Only zygote
c) Only endosperm
d) Cotyledons
✅ Answer: a) Zygote and endosperm
Explanation: One sperm fertilizes egg → zygote; another sperm fertilizes polar nuclei → endosperm → unique to angiosperms.
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