🧬 Human Reproduction – MCQs

Part 1: Questions 1–25

Q1. The male reproductive system is called:

a) Ovary
b) Testis
c) Testes + accessory ducts and glands
d) Vas deferens

✅ Answer: c) Testes + accessory ducts and glands
Explanation: The male reproductive system includes testes, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethra, and accessory glands.

Q2. Sperms are produced in:

a) Epididymis
b) Seminiferous tubules
c) Vas deferens
d) Prostate gland

✅ Answer: b) Seminiferous tubules
Explanation: Seminiferous tubules of the testes are the site of spermatogenesis.

Q3. Testosterone is secreted by:

a) Leydig cells
b) Sertoli cells
c) Hypothalamus
d) Pituitary gland

✅ Answer: a) Leydig cells
Explanation: Leydig (interstitial) cells produce testosterone, the male sex hormone.

Q4. Sertoli cells provide:

a) Nutrition to sperms
b) Hormone secretion
c) Gamete fusion
d) Transport of sperm

✅ Answer: a) Nutrition to sperms
Explanation: Sertoli cells nourish developing spermatogenic cells and form blood-testis barrier.

Q5. Ovum is released from:

a) Uterus
b) Fallopian tube
c) Ovary
d) Cervix

✅ Answer: c) Ovary
Explanation: The ovary produces ova; ovulation releases one egg into fallopian tube.

Q6. Fertilization normally occurs in:

a) Uterus
b) Ovary
c) Fallopian tube
d) Cervix

✅ Answer: c) Fallopian tube
Explanation: Fertilization occurs in ampullary region of fallopian tube.

Q7. The fusion of sperm and egg produces:

a) Zygote
b) Embryo
c) Fetus
d) Blastocyst

✅ Answer: a) Zygote
Explanation: Zygote = diploid cell formed by fusion of sperm and ovum.

Q8. The inner lining of the uterus is called:

a) Endometrium
b) Myometrium
c) Perimetrium
d) Epimetrium

✅ Answer: a) Endometrium
Explanation: Endometrium thickens to support implantation of blastocyst.

Q9. Corpus luteum secretes:

a) FSH
b) LH
c) Estrogen and progesterone
d) Testosterone

✅ Answer: c) Estrogen and progesterone
Explanation: Corpus luteum secretes progesterone primarily to maintain uterine lining and estrogen.

Q10. Ovulation is triggered by:

a) FSH surge
b) LH surge
c) Progesterone
d) Testosterone

✅ Answer: b) LH surge
Explanation: A sudden increase in LH triggers ovulation (~day 14 of menstrual cycle).

Q11. The menstrual cycle duration is normally:

a) 10–14 days
b) 20–22 days
c) 28 ± 2 days
d) 35–40 days

✅ Answer: c) 28 ± 2 days
Explanation: Normal menstrual cycle ranges 26–30 days, average 28 days.

Q12. Fertilized egg undergoes:

a) Meiosis
b) Mitosis
c) Gametogenesis
d) Ovulation

✅ Answer: b) Mitosis
Explanation: Zygote divides by mitosis, forming morula → blastocyst.

Q13. Blastocyst implants in:

a) Ovary
b) Fallopian tube
c) Uterus
d) Cervix

✅ Answer: c) Uterus
Explanation: Blastocyst attaches to endometrium for implantation.

Q14. The primary oocyte is arrested in:

a) Prophase I of meiosis
b) Metaphase I
c) Anaphase II
d) Telophase II

✅ Answer: a) Prophase I of meiosis
Explanation: Primary oocyte remains in prophase I until puberty.

Q15. Secondary oocyte is arrested in:

a) Metaphase II
b) Telophase I
c) Anaphase II
d) Prophase II

✅ Answer: a) Metaphase II
Explanation: Secondary oocyte halts in metaphase II until fertilization.

Q16. Menopause occurs due to:

a) Increased FSH
b) Ovarian exhaustion
c) Low progesterone
d) High LH

✅ Answer: b) Ovarian exhaustion
Explanation: Menopause occurs when ovaries stop producing oocytes (~45–55 years).

Q17. Spermatogenesis takes place under:

a) 37°C
b) 34°C
c) 32°C
d) 40°C

✅ Answer: b) 34°C
Explanation: Testes are outside body to maintain ~2–3°C below body temperature, optimal for spermatogenesis.

Q18. Capacitation of sperm occurs in:

a) Testis
b) Epididymis
c) Female reproductive tract
d) Prostate

✅ Answer: c) Female reproductive tract
Explanation: Sperm undergo capacitation in female tract → gain ability to fertilize egg.

Q19. Acrosomal reaction helps in:

a) Motility of sperm
b) Penetration of zona pellucida
c) Fusion of egg membranes
d) Implantation

✅ Answer: b) Penetration of zona pellucida
Explanation: Acrosome releases enzymes to digest egg’s zona pellucida for fertilization.

Q20. The first cleavage of zygote produces:

a) Morula
b) Blastocyst
c) Two blastomeres
d) Embryo

✅ Answer: c) Two blastomeres
Explanation: First mitotic division produces two cells (blastomeres).

Q21. Fetus is formed after:

a) Zygote stage
b) Embryo stage
c) Morula stage
d) Gamete stage

✅ Answer: b) Embryo stage
Explanation: After 8 weeks of development, embryo becomes fetus.

Q22. Placenta is formed from:

a) Endometrium + trophoblast
b) Only maternal tissue
c) Only fetal tissue
d) Ovum only

✅ Answer: a) Endometrium + trophoblast
Explanation: Placenta forms from maternal endometrium and fetal trophoblast cells.

Q23. Functions of placenta include:

a) Nutrient exchange
b) Waste removal
c) Hormone production
d) All of the above

✅ Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Placenta supports nutrition, respiration, excretion, and hormone secretion.

Q24. Amniotic fluid provides:

a) Protection to fetus
b) Nutrition
c) Oxygen
d) Waste disposal

✅ Answer: a) Protection to fetus
Explanation: Amniotic fluid cushions fetus against mechanical shocks.

Q25. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is secreted by:

a) Ovary
b) Pituitary gland
c) Placenta
d) Hypothalamus

✅ Answer: c) Placenta
Explanation: hCG maintains corpus luteum in early pregnancy; detected in pregnancy tests.

🧬 Human Reproduction – MCQs

Part 2: Questions 26–50

Q26. The number of chromosomes in human zygote is:

a) 23
b) 46
c) 92
d) 44

✅ Answer: b) 46
Explanation: Zygote is diploid (2n) with 46 chromosomes (23 from sperm + 23 from ovum).

Q27. Leydig cells are stimulated by:

a) FSH
b) LH
c) Testosterone
d) Progesterone

✅ Answer: b) LH
Explanation: Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone.

Q28. FSH stimulates:

a) Leydig cells
b) Sertoli cells and spermatogenesis
c) Ovulation
d) Menstruation

✅ Answer: b) Sertoli cells and spermatogenesis
Explanation: FSH stimulates Sertoli cells → support sperm development in seminiferous tubules.

Q29. Secondary sexual characteristics in males are due to:

a) FSH
b) LH
c) Testosterone
d) Estrogen

✅ Answer: c) Testosterone
Explanation: Testosterone promotes facial hair, deep voice, muscular growth, and libido.

Q30. Sperms are stored in:

a) Seminiferous tubules
b) Epididymis
c) Vas deferens
d) Prostate gland

✅ Answer: b) Epididymis
Explanation: Epididymis stores mature sperms until ejaculation.

Q31. The acrosome of sperm contains:

a) DNA
b) Enzymes
c) Protein coat
d) Mitochondria

✅ Answer: b) Enzymes
Explanation: Acrosome releases hyaluronidase and proteases to penetrate egg’s zona pellucida.

Q32. Ovulation occurs around day:

a) 7
b) 14
c) 21
d) 28

✅ Answer: b) 14
Explanation: Ovulation occurs on ~14th day of a 28-day cycle.

Q33. Luteal phase of menstrual cycle lasts:

a) 5 days
b) 14 days
c) 10 days
d) 7 days

✅ Answer: b) 14 days
Explanation: Luteal phase (~days 15–28) is dominated by progesterone secretion from corpus luteum.

Q34. Menstrual flow is caused by:

a) Increased estrogen
b) Decreased progesterone
c) Increased LH
d) Increased FSH

✅ Answer: b) Decreased progesterone
Explanation: Drop in progesterone leads to endometrial shedding → menstruation.

Q35. Zona pellucida is:

a) Egg membrane
b) Glycoprotein layer surrounding ovum
c) Inner uterine lining
d) Placental tissue

✅ Answer: b) Glycoprotein layer surrounding ovum
Explanation: Zona pellucida protects egg and mediates sperm binding.

Q36. Polyspermy is prevented by:

a) Cortical reaction
b) Capacitation
c) Fertilization
d) Ovulation

✅ Answer: a) Cortical reaction
Explanation: Cortical granules modify zona pellucida → prevent entry of multiple sperms.

Q37. Cleavage of zygote produces:

a) Gametes
b) Blastomeres
c) Endosperm
d) Embryonic membranes

✅ Answer: b) Blastomeres
Explanation: Zygote undergoes mitotic divisions → blastomeres → morula → blastocyst.

Q38. Inner cell mass of blastocyst forms:

a) Placenta
b) Embryo
c) Yolk sac
d) Trophoblast

✅ Answer: b) Embryo
Explanation: Inner cell mass develops into embryo proper.

Q39. Trophoblast forms:

a) Amnion
b) Placenta
c) Embryo
d) Yolk sac

✅ Answer: b) Placenta
Explanation: Trophoblast contributes to placental formation and implantation.

Q40. Amnion produces:

a) Blood
b) Amniotic fluid
c) Hormones
d) Zygote

✅ Answer: b) Amniotic fluid
Explanation: Amnion encloses embryo → secretes amniotic fluid for protection.

Q41. Umbilical cord connects:

a) Ovary to uterus
b) Embryo to placenta
c) Fetus to amnion
d) Zygote to endometrium

✅ Answer: b) Embryo to placenta
Explanation: Umbilical cord contains blood vessels for exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes.

Q42. Parturition is initiated by:

a) Progesterone
b) Estrogen
c) Oxytocin and prostaglandins
d) LH surge

✅ Answer: c) Oxytocin and prostaglandins
Explanation: Hormones induce uterine contractions → childbirth.

Q43. Lactation is stimulated by:

a) Prolactin
b) Oxytocin
c) Progesterone
d) LH

✅ Answer: a) Prolactin
Explanation: Prolactin promotes milk production; oxytocin ejects milk.

Q44. Sperm motility depends on:

a) Acrosome enzymes
b) Flagellum and mitochondria
c) Nucleus
d) Zona pellucida

✅ Answer: b) Flagellum and mitochondria
Explanation: Flagellum propels sperm; mitochondria provide energy for motility.

Q45. Ovarian follicles develop under influence of:

a) Testosterone
b) FSH
c) LH
d) Progesterone

✅ Answer: b) FSH
Explanation: FSH stimulates follicle growth and estrogen secretion.

Q46. Ovum is released from:

a) Graafian follicle
b) Corpus luteum
c) Corpus albicans
d) Ovulation hormone

✅ Answer: a) Graafian follicle
Explanation: Mature Graafian follicle ruptures during ovulation → releases ovum.

Q47. Corpus albicans is:

a) Mature follicle
b) Degenerated corpus luteum
c) Egg
d) Zygote

✅ Answer: b) Degenerated corpus luteum
Explanation: If fertilization does not occur, corpus luteum degenerates → corpus albicans.

Q48. Fertilization restores:

a) Haploid number of chromosomes
b) Diploid number of chromosomes
c) Tetraploid number
d) None

✅ Answer: b) Diploid number of chromosomes
Explanation: Fertilization combines haploid gametes → diploid zygote.

Q49. Amniocentesis is done to detect:

a) Pregnancy
b) Chromosomal disorders
c) Ovulation
d) Implantation

✅ Answer: b) Chromosomal disorders
Explanation: Amniocentesis samples amniotic fluid to detect genetic abnormalities.

Q50. Seminal plasma is secreted by:

a) Testes only
b) Accessory glands
c) Epididymis only
d) Vas deferens

✅ Answer: b) Accessory glands
Explanation: Seminal plasma from seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands nourishes sperm.

🧬 Human Reproduction – MCQs

Part 3: Questions 51–75

Q51. Ovulation is accompanied by a surge of:

a) FSH
b) LH
c) Progesterone
d) Estrogen

✅ Answer: b) LH
Explanation: LH surge (~14th day) triggers rupture of Graafian follicle and release of ovum.

Q52. Fertilized egg divides by:

a) Meiosis
b) Mitosis
c) Binary fission
d) Budding

✅ Answer: b) Mitosis
Explanation: Zygote undergoes mitotic divisions (cleavage) to form morula and blastocyst.

Q53. The outer layer of blastocyst is called:

a) Inner cell mass
b) Trophoblast
c) Endoderm
d) Mesoderm

✅ Answer: b) Trophoblast
Explanation: Trophoblast contributes to placental formation and invasion of endometrium.

Q54. The hormone maintaining early pregnancy is:

a) Progesterone
b) hCG
c) Estrogen
d) FSH

✅ Answer: b) hCG
Explanation: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secreted by trophoblast maintains corpus luteum → progesterone production.

Q55. The umbilical cord contains:

a) Two arteries and one vein
b) One artery and two veins
c) Two arteries and two veins
d) One artery and one vein

✅ Answer: a) Two arteries and one vein
Explanation: Two umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood from fetus; one vein brings oxygenated blood from placenta.

Q56. Progesterone in pregnancy:

a) Stimulates uterine contractions
b) Maintains endometrium
c) Triggers ovulation
d) Increases FSH

✅ Answer: b) Maintains endometrium
Explanation: Progesterone secreted by corpus luteum/placenta prevents endometrial shedding.

Q57. Menstrual cycle is regulated by:

a) Hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovaries
b) Only ovaries
c) Only pituitary
d) Only hypothalamus

✅ Answer: a) Hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovaries
Explanation: GnRH (hypothalamus), FSH & LH (pituitary), estrogen & progesterone (ovaries) regulate cycle.

Q58. Capacitation of sperm occurs in:

a) Testes
b) Epididymis
c) Female reproductive tract
d) Prostate

✅ Answer: c) Female reproductive tract
Explanation: Sperm gains ability to fertilize ovum after capacitation in female tract.

Q59. Acrosomal reaction occurs during:

a) Capacitation
b) Penetration of zona pellucida
c) Cleavage
d) Implantation

✅ Answer: b) Penetration of zona pellucida
Explanation: Enzymes from acrosome digest zona pellucida, allowing sperm to fuse with egg membrane.

Q60. Cleavage leads to formation of:

a) Blastomeres
b) Endosperm
c) Fetus
d) Placenta

✅ Answer: a) Blastomeres
Explanation: First mitotic divisions produce blastomeres → morula → blastocyst.

Q61. Implantation occurs around:

a) 3–4 days after fertilization
b) 6–7 days after fertilization
c) 10–12 days after fertilization
d) 14–15 days after fertilization

✅ Answer: b) 6–7 days after fertilization
Explanation: Blastocyst attaches to endometrium ~6–7 days post-fertilization.

Q62. Chorion contributes to:

a) Amnion
b) Placenta
c) Embryo
d) Yolk sac

✅ Answer: b) Placenta
Explanation: Chorion forms fetal part of placenta and secretes hCG.

Q63. Amnion surrounds:

a) Placenta
b) Blastocyst
c) Fetus
d) Corpus luteum

✅ Answer: c) Fetus
Explanation: Amnion is a membrane enclosing the fetus, containing amniotic fluid.

Q64. Placenta functions as:

a) Respiratory organ
b) Excretory organ
c) Nutritional organ
d) All of the above

✅ Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Placenta facilitates exchange of gases, nutrients, wastes, and hormone production.

Q65. Oxytocin causes:

a) Milk secretion
b) Uterine contraction
c) Follicle growth
d) Ovulation

✅ Answer: b) Uterine contraction
Explanation: Oxytocin stimulates strong uterine contractions → parturition.

Q66. Prolactin promotes:

a) Milk production
b) Ovulation
c) Menstruation
d) Uterine contraction

✅ Answer: a) Milk production
Explanation: Prolactin from anterior pituitary stimulates lactogenesis.

Q67. First milk secreted is called:

a) Colostrum
b) Whole milk
c) Skim milk
d) Transitional milk

✅ Answer: a) Colostrum
Explanation: Colostrum is yellowish, protein-rich milk secreted in first few days post-delivery.

Q68. Fertilization is external in:

a) Humans
b) Frogs
c) Birds
d) Mammals

✅ Answer: b) Frogs
Explanation: Frogs exhibit external fertilization in water; humans have internal fertilization.

Q69. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is secreted by:

a) Pituitary
b) Hypothalamus
c) Ovary
d) Testis

✅ Answer: b) Hypothalamus
Explanation: GnRH stimulates FSH and LH secretion from anterior pituitary.

Q70. Oogenesis produces:

a) Four functional ova
b) One functional ovum and three polar bodies
c) Two ova
d) Only polar bodies

✅ Answer: b) One functional ovum and three polar bodies
Explanation: Asymmetric meiotic division produces one ovum + three polar bodies.

Q71. Male gamete is formed by:

a) Oogenesis
b) Spermatogenesis
c) Fertilization
d) Cleavage

✅ Answer: b) Spermatogenesis
Explanation: Spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules produces haploid spermatozoa.

Q72. Leydig cells are located:

a) Inside seminiferous tubules
b) Between seminiferous tubules
c) Epididymis
d) Vas deferens

✅ Answer: b) Between seminiferous tubules
Explanation: Interstitial Leydig cells secrete testosterone between tubules.

Q73. Sertoli cells are also called:

a) Nurse cells
b) Leydig cells
c) Spermatogonia
d) Spermatozoa

✅ Answer: a) Nurse cells
Explanation: Sertoli cells nourish and support developing sperms.

Q74. Graafian follicle ruptures to release:

a) Primary oocyte
b) Secondary oocyte
c) Polar body
d) Zygote

✅ Answer: b) Secondary oocyte
Explanation: Graafian follicle releases secondary oocyte arrested in metaphase II.

Q75. LH surge triggers:

a) Ovulation
b) Follicular growth
c) Corpus albicans formation
d) Menstruation

✅ Answer: a) Ovulation
Explanation: LH spike (~14th day) causes rupture of follicle → release of ovum.

🧬 Human Reproduction – MCQs

Part 4: Questions 76–100

Q76. Secondary sexual characteristics in females are due to:

a) FSH
b) LH
c) Estrogen
d) Progesterone

✅ Answer: c) Estrogen
Explanation: Estrogen promotes breast development, pubic hair, menstrual cycle regulation, and fat deposition.

Q77. Menstrual cycle is divided into:

a) Follicular and luteal phases
b) Ovulatory and secretory phases
c) Proliferative and menstrual phases
d) All of the above

✅ Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Menstrual cycle phases can be described in hormonal, ovarian, or uterine terms.

Q78. Secretory phase of uterus is dominated by:

a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) FSH
d) LH

✅ Answer: b) Progesterone
Explanation: Corpus luteum secretes progesterone → uterine lining thickens and glands secrete nutrients.

Q79. Follicular phase is dominated by:

a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) LH
d) FSH

✅ Answer: a) Estrogen
Explanation: Developing follicles produce estrogen → endometrial proliferation.

Q80. Corpus luteum is formed from:

a) Graafian follicle after ovulation
b) Primary oocyte
c) Ovum
d) Polar body

✅ Answer: a) Graafian follicle after ovulation
Explanation: Ruptured follicle becomes corpus luteum, secreting progesterone.

Q81. Menopause is characterized by:

a) Increased estrogen
b) Decreased ovarian function
c) Regular menstruation
d) Fertility increase

✅ Answer: b) Decreased ovarian function
Explanation: Ovarian exhaustion leads to cessation of menstruation (~45–55 years).

Q82. Fertilization restores:

a) Haploid chromosome number
b) Diploid chromosome number
c) Triploid chromosome number
d) Tetraploid chromosome number

✅ Answer: b) Diploid chromosome number
Explanation: Fusion of haploid gametes forms diploid zygote (46 chromosomes).

Q83. Implantation occurs in:

a) Fallopian tube
b) Ovary
c) Uterus
d) Cervix

✅ Answer: c) Uterus
Explanation: Blastocyst embeds in endometrium to establish pregnancy.

Q84. hCG is secreted by:

a) Placenta
b) Ovary
c) Pituitary
d) Hypothalamus

✅ Answer: a) Placenta
Explanation: Trophoblast cells of placenta secrete hCG → maintains corpus luteum.

Q85. Oxytocin is secreted by:

a) Anterior pituitary
b) Posterior pituitary
c) Hypothalamus
d) Corpus luteum

✅ Answer: b) Posterior pituitary
Explanation: Oxytocin induces uterine contractions and milk let-down.

Q86. Milk ejection reflex is mediated by:

a) Prolactin
b) Oxytocin
c) Progesterone
d) Estrogen

✅ Answer: b) Oxytocin
Explanation: Oxytocin stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cells → milk ejection.

Q87. Lactation is maintained by:

a) Prolactin
b) FSH
c) LH
d) Estrogen

✅ Answer: a) Prolactin
Explanation: Prolactin stimulates milk synthesis in mammary glands.

Q88. Placenta acts as:

a) Nutritional organ
b) Respiratory organ
c) Excretory organ
d) All of the above

✅ Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Placenta facilitates exchange of nutrients, gases, wastes and secretes hormones.

Q89. Parturition is triggered by:

a) Progesterone
b) Oxytocin and prostaglandins
c) FSH
d) LH

✅ Answer: b) Oxytocin and prostaglandins
Explanation: Hormones induce uterine contractions → childbirth.

Q90. Human sperm is:

a) Motile and haploid
b) Non-motile and haploid
c) Motile and diploid
d) Non-motile and diploid

✅ Answer: a) Motile and haploid
Explanation: Spermatozoa are haploid (23 chromosomes) and motile, designed to reach ovum.

Q91. Capacitation of sperm occurs in:

a) Testis
b) Epididymis
c) Female reproductive tract
d) Vas deferens

✅ Answer: c) Female reproductive tract
Explanation: Sperm gain fertilization ability after capacitation in female tract.

Q92. Polyspermy is prevented by:

a) Zona reaction
b) Capacitation
c) Ovulation
d) Cleavage

✅ Answer: a) Zona reaction
Explanation: Cortical granules modify zona pellucida → block further sperm entry.

Q93. Placenta secretes:

a) Progesterone
b) Estrogen
c) hCG
d) All of the above

✅ Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Placenta secretes hormones for maintenance of pregnancy and fetal development.

Q94. Secondary oocyte is arrested in:

a) Prophase I
b) Metaphase II
c) Anaphase II
d) Telophase II

✅ Answer: b) Metaphase II
Explanation: Ovulated secondary oocyte halts in metaphase II until fertilization.

Q95. Spermatogenesis produces:

a) Four functional sperm
b) Two sperm and two polar bodies
c) One sperm
d) Three sperm

✅ Answer: a) Four functional sperm
Explanation: Meiotic divisions in male → four haploid sperms from one spermatogonium.

Q96. Oogenesis produces:

a) Four ova
b) One ovum + three polar bodies
c) Two ova
d) Only polar bodies

✅ Answer: b) One ovum + three polar bodies
Explanation: Cytokinesis is unequal → one large ovum + three small polar bodies.

Q97. Primary oocyte is arrested in:

a) Metaphase II
b) Prophase I
c) Telophase I
d) Anaphase I

✅ Answer: b) Prophase I
Explanation: Primary oocyte remains arrested in prophase I from fetal life until puberty.

Q98. Parturition occurs due to:

a) Increased progesterone
b) Increased estrogen, oxytocin, and prostaglandins
c) Decreased FSH
d) LH surge

✅ Answer: b) Increased estrogen, oxytocin, and prostaglandins
Explanation: Hormonal changes stimulate uterine contractions → childbirth.

Q99. Colostrum is rich in:

a) Carbohydrates
b) Proteins and antibodies
c) Fat
d) Vitamins only

✅ Answer: b) Proteins and antibodies
Explanation: Colostrum provides immunoglobulins → passive immunity to newborn.

Q100. Fertilization results in:

a) Zygote only
b) Endosperm only
c) Zygote and placenta
d) Diploid zygote

✅ Answer: d) Diploid zygote
Explanation: Fusion of haploid sperm and ovum restores diploid chromosome number → zygote formation.

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