MCQs on Biodiversity Hotspots in India

Which of the following is NOT considered a biodiversity hotspot in India?
- A) Western Ghats
- B) Himalayas
- C) Thar Desert
- D) Indo-Burma
- Answer: C) Thar Desert
What criteria must an area meet to be classified as a biodiversity hotspot?
- A) High level of endemism
- B) Significant habitat loss
- C) Both A and B
- D) None of the above
- Answer: C) Both A and B
Which of the following is the primary cause of biodiversity loss in India?
- A) Climate change
- B) Habitat destruction
- C) Pollution
- D) Invasive species
- Answer: B) Habitat destruction
The Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site because of its:
- A) Cultural significance
- B) High levels of endemic species
- C) Geological features
- D) Historical monuments
- Answer: B) High levels of endemic species
Which of the following species is endemic to the Eastern Himalayas?
- A) Indian elephant
- B) Snow leopard
- C) Red panda
- D) Bengal tiger
- Answer: C) Red panda
The primary purpose of the National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP) in India is to:
- A) Promote tourism
- B) Conserve biodiversity
- C) Enhance agricultural productivity
- D) Increase industrial growth
- Answer: B) Conserve biodiversity
Which act was enacted in India to provide for the protection of endangered species?
- A) Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
- B) Forest Conservation Act, 1980
- C) Environment Protection Act, 1986
- D) Biological Diversity Act, 2002
- Answer: A) Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
The concept of “biodiversity corridors” aims to:
- A) Increase agricultural land
- B) Facilitate animal movement
- C) Promote urban development
- D) Reduce human-wildlife conflict
- Answer: B) Facilitate animal movement
Which of the following is a key challenge for biodiversity conservation in India?
- A) Lack of scientific research
- B) Insufficient funding
- C) Political instability
- D) All of the above
- Answer: D) All of the above
The main threat to the Sundarbans biodiversity hotspot is:
- A) Invasive species
- B) Urbanization
- C) Climate change
- D) Overfishing
- Answer: C) Climate change
The term “endemic species” refers to species that:
- A) Are found worldwide
- B) Are native to a specific region
- C) Can adapt to various environments
- D) Are extinct
- Answer: B) Are native to a specific region
Which of the following ecosystems is NOT a biodiversity hotspot in India?
- A) Western Ghats
- B) Indo-Burma
- C) Arctic region
- D) Sundaland
- Answer: C) Arctic region
The “Convention on Biological Diversity” (CBD) was adopted at:
- A) Rio Earth Summit, 1992
- B) Kyoto Protocol, 1997
- C) Paris Agreement, 2015
- D) Johannesburg Summit, 2002
- Answer: A) Rio Earth Summit, 1992
Which Indian state is known for its rich biodiversity and is part of the Indo-Burma hotspot?
- A) Punjab
- B) Assam
- C) Gujarat
- D) Rajasthan
- Answer: B) Assam
Which of the following is a strategy used for conserving biodiversity in India?
- A) Creating protected areas
- B) Promoting monoculture farming
- C) Urban expansion
- D) Deforestation
- Answer: A) Creating protected areas
The unique flora and fauna of the Western Ghats is primarily threatened by:
- A) Deforestation
- B) Climate change
- C) Pollution
- D) All of the above
- Answer: D) All of the above
Which of the following organizations is primarily responsible for wildlife conservation in India?
- A) Ministry of Agriculture
- B) Wildlife Institute of India
- C) Indian Forest Service
- D) National Biodiversity Authority
- Answer: B) Wildlife Institute of India
The Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve is known for its:
- A) Coral reefs
- B) Mangrove forests
- C) Unique wildlife
- D) All of the above
- Answer: D) All of the above
The IUCN Red List categorizes species based on their:
- A) Economic value
- B) Conservation status
- C) Geographic distribution
- D) Genetic diversity
- Answer: B) Conservation status
Which of the following is a critical step in biodiversity conservation?
- A) Increasing urban areas
- B) Community involvement
- C) Promoting tourism only
- D) Ignoring local knowledge
- Answer: B) Community involvement
Which of the following statements is true about biodiversity in India?
- A) India has the highest number of endemic species in the world.
- B) India is a biodiversity hotspot with significant habitat loss.
- C) All ecosystems in India are equally biodiverse.
- D) Biodiversity is not important for India’s economy.
- Answer: B) India is a biodiversity hotspot with significant habitat loss.
The National Biodiversity Authority of India was established to:
- A) Manage forest resources
- B) Promote agriculture
- C) Implement the Biological Diversity Act
- D) Protect marine ecosystems
- Answer: C) Implement the Biological Diversity Act
Which ecosystem is known for its rich biodiversity and is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
- A) Mangroves of Sundarbans
- B) Thar Desert
- C) Western Ghats
- D) Both A and C
- Answer: D) Both A and C
Which of the following best describes the impact of climate change on biodiversity?
- A) It has no impact on biodiversity.
- B) It can lead to habitat loss and species extinction.
- C) It helps in species adaptation.
- D) It is beneficial for agriculture.
- Answer: B) It can lead to habitat loss and species extinction.
Which type of forest is primarily found in the Western Ghats hotspot?
- A) Tropical deciduous forest
- B) Tropical evergreen forest
- C) Temperate forest
- D) Boreal forest
- Answer: B) Tropical evergreen forest
The role of community-based conservation in biodiversity is to:
- A) Exclude local populations
- B) Involve local communities in conservation efforts
- C) Focus solely on tourism
- D) Promote industrialization
- Answer: B) Involve local communities in conservation efforts
The Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) in India aim to:
- A) Control pollution
- B) Monitor endangered species
- C) Promote the sustainable use of biodiversity
- D) Increase industrial activities
- Answer: C) Promote the sustainable use of biodiversity
Which of the following is a direct consequence of deforestation on biodiversity?
- A) Increased oxygen levels
- B) Loss of habitat
- C) Higher species diversity
- D) Improved soil fertility
- Answer: B) Loss of habitat
The ‘Gharial’ is a critically endangered species primarily found in which river system?
- A) Godavari
- B) Ganges
- C) Brahmaputra
- D) Narmada
- Answer: B) Ganges
The primary focus of the ‘Project Tiger’ in India is to:
- A) Increase fish population
- B) Protect tiger habitats and populations
- C) Promote tourism in wildlife areas
- D) Enhance agricultural yield
- Answer: B) Protect tiger habitats and populations

These questions and answers provide a comprehensive overview of biodiversity hotspots in India, including their conservation strategies and challenges, suitable for a Civil Services Examination context.

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