MCQs with Answers on “Pollution in India: Causes, Effects, and Solutions”

Which of the following is the major contributor to air pollution in India?
- a) Industrial emissions
- b) Agriculture
- c) Vehicle emissions
- d) All of the above
- Answer: d) All of the above
Which gas is primarily responsible for global warming due to pollution in India?
- a) Nitrogen
- b) Carbon dioxide
- c) Ozone
- d) Sulphur dioxide
- Answer: b) Carbon dioxide
What is the main source of water pollution in India?
- a) Industrial effluents
- b) Agricultural runoff
- c) Domestic sewage
- d) All of the above
- Answer: d) All of the above
Which Indian city is known for having some of the worst air quality in the world?
- a) Mumbai
- b) Delhi
- c) Kolkata
- d) Bangalore
- Answer: b) Delhi
Which of the following is a direct effect of air pollution on human health?
- a) Respiratory problems
- b) Increased allergies
- c) Cardiovascular diseases
- d) All of the above
- Answer: d) All of the above
What does the acronym “CPCB” stand for in the context of pollution monitoring in India?
- a) Central Pollution Control Bureau
- b) Central Pollution Control Board
- c) Central Public Cleaning Bureau
- d) Central Public Control Board
- Answer: b) Central Pollution Control Board
Which of the following is a major cause of land pollution in India?
- a) Deforestation
- b) Plastic waste
- c) Mining activities
- d) All of the above
- Answer: b) Plastic waste
Which chemical compound primarily contributes to the formation of smog in urban areas of India?
- a) Ozone
- b) Carbon monoxide
- c) Nitrogen oxides
- d) Sulphur dioxide
- Answer: c) Nitrogen oxides
The Ganga Action Plan was launched to reduce the pollution of which river?
- a) Yamuna
- b) Narmada
- c) Ganga
- d) Godavari
- Answer: c) Ganga
Which of the following sectors is responsible for the highest contribution to India’s water pollution?
- a) Agricultural runoff
- b) Industrial effluents
- c) Urban sewage
- d) Plastic waste
- Answer: a) Agricultural runoff
What is the main objective of the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP)?
- a) To reduce emissions from industrial sectors
- b) To improve air quality in Indian cities
- c) To promote renewable energy
- d) To reduce vehicle emissions
- Answer: b) To improve air quality in Indian cities
Which of the following is a major effect of water pollution in India?
- a) Contaminated drinking water
- b) Disruption of aquatic life
- c) Spread of waterborne diseases
- d) All of the above
- Answer: d) All of the above
Which international organization’s framework does India follow for assessing and mitigating climate change effects?
- a) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
- b) World Health Organization (WHO)
- c) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
- d) International Energy Agency (IEA)
- Answer: a) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Which is the largest river that is being polluted by industrial effluents in India?
- a) Yamuna
- b) Narmada
- c) Ganga
- d) Godavari
- Answer: c) Ganga
The “Swachh Bharat Abhiyan” was launched to primarily combat which type of pollution?
- a) Water pollution
- b) Land pollution
- c) Air pollution
- d) Noise pollution
- Answer: b) Land pollution
Which of the following is a common cause of noise pollution in urban areas of India?
- a) Industrial machinery
- b) Traffic
- c) Religious gatherings
- d) All of the above
- Answer: d) All of the above
Which pollutant is mainly responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer?
- a) Carbon monoxide
- b) Nitrogen oxides
- c) CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)
- d) Methane
- Answer: c) CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)
What is the most effective solution to reduce vehicular pollution in India?
- a) Promoting public transport
- b) Increasing fuel taxes
- c) Banning personal vehicles
- d) Building more highways
- Answer: a) Promoting public transport
Which of the following is an example of a renewable energy source that can help reduce pollution?
- a) Coal
- b) Wind
- c) Oil
- d) Natural gas
- Answer: b) Wind
The “Clean Ganga Fund” was established to clean which river in India?
- a) Brahmaputra
- b) Godavari
- c) Ganga
- d) Yamuna
- Answer: c) Ganga
Which sector contributes the largest amount of air pollution in India?
- a) Transport sector
- b) Industrial sector
- c) Agricultural sector
- d) Residential sector
- Answer: a) Transport sector
The “Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana” aims to reduce pollution by providing access to which resource?
- a) Clean drinking water
- b) LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas)
- c) Solar power
- d) Electric vehicles
- Answer: b) LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas)
Which pollutant is primarily associated with the burning of fossil fuels in power plants and vehicles?
- a) Sulphur dioxide
- b) Nitrogen oxides
- c) Carbon monoxide
- d) Particulate matter
- Answer: b) Nitrogen oxides
Which of the following is a major cause of indoor air pollution in India?
- a) Forest fires
- b) Use of biomass and coal for cooking
- c) Traffic congestion
- d) Industrial emissions
- Answer: b) Use of biomass and coal for cooking
Which river is most affected by untreated sewage and industrial waste in India?
- a) Godavari
- b) Yamuna
- c) Ganga
- d) Narmada
- Answer: b) Yamuna
What is the purpose of the “National Mission on Clean Ganga”?
- a) To reduce industrial waste
- b) To promote river tourism
- c) To rejuvenate the Ganga river by controlling pollution
- d) To generate hydroelectricity
- Answer: c) To rejuvenate the Ganga river by controlling pollution
Which of the following is a direct effect of plastic pollution?
- a) Soil degradation
- b) Ocean acidification
- c) Harm to marine life
- d) Deforestation
- Answer: c) Harm to marine life
What is the main objective of the “Air Quality Index” (AQI) in India?
- a) To monitor traffic congestion
- b) To measure water pollution
- c) To measure air quality levels and their impact on health
- d) To measure carbon emissions
- Answer: c) To measure air quality levels and their impact on health
Which of the following is a potential solution to reduce plastic pollution in India?
- a) Banning single-use plastics
- b) Increasing paper production
- c) Promoting coal use
- d) Encouraging forest clearing
- Answer: a) Banning single-use plastics
What role does afforestation play in combating pollution in India?
- a) It helps increase biodiversity
- b) It helps absorb carbon dioxide
- c) It helps reduce soil erosion
- d) All of the above
- Answer: d) All of the above

These questions and answers provide a comprehensive overview of the causes, effects, and solutions related to pollution in India, making them a valuable resource for Civil Services aspirants.

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