Medical Biology MCQs
Medical Biology MCQs.
This set blends human anatomy, physiology, pathology, microbiology, immunology, genetics, and applied medicine — aligned with CBSE/ICSE, NEET/CUET, CSIR-NET, GATE, DBT-BET JRF, USMLE, PLAB, AMC, SAT Bio, GRE Bio, BMAT, IMAT.
Part 1 — Medical Biology MCQs (Q1–Q25)
Q1. Medical biology is the study of:
A. Plants and crops
• Agriculture.
B. Animals only
• Zoology.
C. Biological principles applied to medicine, human health, and disease ✅
• Integrates anatomy, physiology, pathology, genetics, microbiology.
D. Ecology
• Environmental focus.
Q2. The functional unit of the kidney is:
A. Alveolus
• In lungs.
B. Nephron ✅
• Filters blood, regulates fluid balance.
C. Neuron
• Nervous system.
D. Glomerulus only
• Just a part of nephron.
Q3. The universal donor blood group is:
A. A
• Can’t be universal donor.
B. AB
• Universal recipient.
C. O negative (O−) ✅
• No A, B, or Rh antigens → compatible with all.
D. B
• Not donor.
Q4. The oxygen-carrying pigment in RBCs is:
A. Myoglobin
• In muscle.
B. Chlorophyll
• Plants.
C. Hemoglobin ✅
• Globin + heme group, binds oxygen.
D. Hemocyanin
• In arthropods.
Q5. Which vitamin is required for blood clotting?
A. Vitamin C
• Collagen synthesis.
B. Vitamin K ✅
• Essential for synthesis of clotting factors.
C. Vitamin D
• Calcium absorption.
D. Vitamin A
• Vision.
Q6. The pacemaker of the human heart is:
A. AV node
• Secondary pacemaker.
B. SA node (sinoatrial node) ✅
• Initiates heartbeat, located in right atrium.
C. Bundle of His
• Conducts impulse.
D. Purkinje fibers
• Conducts to ventricles.
Q7. Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
A. Cerebrum
• Higher functions.
B. Medulla
• Vital reflexes.
C. Cerebellum ✅
• Maintains posture and balance.
D. Hypothalamus
• Autonomic functions.
Q8. The human body’s first line of defense against pathogens is:
A. Antibodies
• Secondary defense.
B. Skin and mucous membranes ✅
• Act as physical and chemical barriers.
C. T cells
• Adaptive immunity.
D. Complement proteins
• Secondary defense.
Q9. Which organ produces insulin?
A. Liver
• Glucose metabolism, not insulin.
B. Stomach
• Digestion.
C. Pancreas (beta cells of Islets of Langerhans) ✅
• Regulates blood sugar.
D. Kidney
• Filters waste.
Q10. The genetic material of HIV is:
A. DNA
• Not in HIV.
B. Single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) ✅
• Retrovirus with reverse transcriptase.
C. dsDNA
• Herpesviruses.
D. Protein
• Not genetic.
Q11. Which disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
A. Malaria
• Caused by Plasmodium.
B. Tuberculosis ✅
• Bacterial lung infection.
C. Cholera
• Vibrio cholerae.
D. Leprosy
• M. leprae.
Q12. Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?
A. Malaria
• Infectious disease.
B. Rheumatoid arthritis ✅
• Immune system attacks joints.
C. Tuberculosis
• Infectious disease.
D. Influenza
• Viral infection.
Q13. Which structure carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart?
A. Pulmonary artery
• Carries deoxygenated blood.
B. Pulmonary vein ✅
• Carries oxygenated blood to left atrium.
C. Aorta
• Distributes oxygenated blood from heart.
D. Vena cava
• Brings deoxygenated blood.
Q14. Which blood cells are responsible for immunity?
A. RBCs
• Oxygen transport.
B. Platelets
• Clotting.
C. WBCs (leukocytes) ✅
• Provide defense against infections.
D. Plasma
• Fluid medium.
Q15. Which is the largest organ in the human body?
A. Liver
• Largest internal organ.
B. Skin ✅
• Largest overall organ, protective barrier.
C. Brain
• Largest in nervous system.
D. Lung
• Large, but not largest organ.
Q16. Which organ detoxifies harmful substances in the body?
A. Kidney
• Filters waste.
B. Liver ✅
• Detoxifies toxins, metabolizes drugs, produces bile.
C. Spleen
• Immune functions.
D. Pancreas
• Digestion, insulin.
Q17. Which chromosome pair determines human sex?
A. 1–22
• Autosomes.
B. 23rd pair (XX in female, XY in male) ✅
• Sex chromosomes.
C. Only X
• Not complete.
D. Only Y
• Determines maleness but needs X.
Q18. The process of engulfing pathogens by WBCs is called:
A. Pinocytosis
• Cell drinking.
B. Phagocytosis ✅
• Performed by neutrophils, macrophages.
C. Exocytosis
• Release.
D. Diffusion
• Passive process.
Q19. The basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system is:
A. Brain
• Organ.
B. Neuron ✅
• Conducts nerve impulses.
C. Spinal cord
• Part of CNS.
D. Axon
• Part of neuron.
Q20. The normal human body temperature is:
A. 40°C
• Fever.
B. 34°C
• Hypothermia.
C. 37°C (98.6°F) ✅
• Maintains enzyme activity.
D. 30°C
• Too low.
Q21. Which lung disease is linked to smoking?
A. Tuberculosis
• Bacterial.
B. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer ✅
• Strongly associated with smoking.
C. Malaria
• Not lung cancer.
D. Influenza
• Viral.
Q22. The unit of heredity is:
A. Chromosome
• Larger structure.
B. Gene ✅
• Segment of DNA coding for proteins.
C. Protein
• Gene product.
D. Nucleotide
• Part of gene.
Q23. The enzyme that unwinds DNA during replication is:
A. DNA polymerase
• Synthesizes DNA.
B. Helicase ✅
• Unwinds DNA double helix.
C. Ligase
• Joins fragments.
D. Primase
• Synthesizes RNA primers.
Q24. Which blood cells are fragments without a nucleus?
A. WBCs
• Have nuclei.
B. Platelets (thrombocytes) ✅
• Small fragments involved in clotting.
C. RBCs
• Anucleated but not fragments.
D. Plasma cells
• Differentiated WBCs.
Q25. Which part of the digestive system absorbs most nutrients?
A. Stomach
• Mainly digestion, limited absorption.
B. Large intestine
• Absorbs water.
C. Small intestine (especially jejunum and ileum) ✅
• Villi and microvilli increase absorption surface.
D. Esophagus
• Only transports food.
Part 2 — Medical Biology MCQs (Q26–Q50)
Q26. Which microorganism causes malaria?
A. Virus
• No.
B. Plasmodium (protozoan parasite) ✅
• P. falciparum, P. vivax most common.
C. Bacterium
• Not correct.
D. Fungus
• Not malaria.
Q27. The vector for malaria is:
A. Sandfly
• Leishmaniasis.
B. Tsetse fly
• Sleeping sickness.
C. Female Anopheles mosquito ✅
• Transmits Plasmodium.
D. Blackfly
• Onchocerciasis.
Q28. The causative agent of AIDS is:
A. HBV
• Hepatitis B.
B. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus, retrovirus) ✅
• Attacks CD4+ T cells.
C. Influenza virus
• Not AIDS.
D. HTLV
• Causes leukemia.
Q29. The incubation period of HIV infection before AIDS develops is usually:
A. Few days
• Too short.
B. Few weeks
• Not correct.
C. 5–10 years (variable) ✅
• Long latency before immune collapse.
D. Lifetime immunity
• Not true.
Q30. Which disease is caused by Vibrio cholerae?
A. Typhoid
• Salmonella typhi.
B. Cholera (severe watery diarrhea) ✅
• Toxin-mediated water loss.
C. Dysentery
• Shigella/amoeba.
D. Plague
• Yersinia pestis.
Q31. The causative agent of typhoid fever is:
A. E. coli
• Gut infection.
B. Salmonella typhi ✅
• Spread by contaminated food/water.
C. Shigella
• Dysentery.
D. Vibrio
• Cholera.
Q32. Which test is commonly used to diagnose typhoid?
A. PCR
• Advanced, but not routine.
B. Widal test (detects agglutinating antibodies) ✅
• Classic diagnostic tool.
C. Mantoux test
• TB.
D. ELISA
• Broader use.
Q33. Which bacterium causes pneumonia most commonly?
A. E. coli
• Not typical.
B. Streptococcus pneumoniae ✅
• Diplococcus, common pneumonia cause.
C. Salmonella
• Typhoid.
D. Vibrio
• Cholera.
Q34. Tuberculosis affects mainly:
A. Liver
• Rare.
B. Lungs (pulmonary TB) ✅
• Chronic cough, hemoptysis.
C. Heart
• Not typical.
D. Stomach
• Not common.
Q35. The Mantoux test is used to diagnose:
A. Typhoid
• Widal test.
B. Tuberculosis (delayed hypersensitivity skin test) ✅
• Measures immune response to TB antigens.
C. Cholera
• Stool culture.
D. Malaria
• Blood smear.
Q36. Which disease is caused by a protozoan in the blood?
A. Cholera
• Bacterium.
B. Sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma brucei) ✅
• Transmitted by tsetse fly.
C. Tuberculosis
• Bacterium.
D. Leprosy
• Bacterium.
Q37. The causative agent of amoebic dysentery is:
A. Giardia
• Giardiasis.
B. Entamoeba histolytica ✅
• Protozoan parasite in intestine.
C. Shigella
• Bacterial dysentery.
D. Rotavirus
• Viral diarrhea.
Q38. Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
A. Ribosome
• Protein synthesis.
B. Mitochondria ✅
• ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation.
C. Nucleus
• Genetic material.
D. Lysosome
• Digestion.
Q39. Hemophilia is caused by:
A. Bacterial infection
• No.
B. Genetic deficiency of clotting factors VIII/IX (X-linked recessive) ✅
• Leads to uncontrolled bleeding.
C. Vitamin C deficiency
• Scurvy.
D. Fungal infection
• No.
Q40. Sickle-cell anemia results from:
A. Iron deficiency
• Causes anemia, not sickling.
B. Mutation in β-globin gene (valine replaces glutamic acid) ✅
• Abnormal HbS → sickled RBCs.
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency
• Pernicious anemia.
D. Viral infection
• Not sickle cell.
Q41. Down syndrome is caused by:
A. Lack of oxygen at birth
• Not correct.
B. Trisomy 21 (extra chromosome 21) ✅
• Genetic disorder with developmental delay.
C. Protein deficiency
• Not genetic.
D. Viral infection
• Not cause.
Q42. Which type of immunity develops after vaccination?
A. Passive natural
• Mother to child.
B. Active artificial immunity ✅
• Body produces antibodies after exposure to antigens in vaccine.
C. Passive artificial
• Antiserum.
D. Active natural
• After natural infection.
Q43. Which cells produce antibodies?
A. Neutrophils
• Phagocytosis.
B. Plasma B cells ✅
• Activated B lymphocytes secrete antibodies.
C. T helper cells
• Help activation.
D. NK cells
• Kill infected cells.
Q44. Which blood component forms clots?
A. Plasma
• Fluid.
B. Platelets (thrombocytes) ✅
• Initiate clot formation with fibrin.
C. WBCs
• Immunity.
D. Hormones
• Not clotting.
Q45. The ABO blood group system is based on:
A. Hemoglobin type
• Not basis.
B. Antigens on RBC surface (A, B) and antibodies in plasma ✅
• Determines compatibility.
C. WBC types
• Not blood group.
D. Clotting factors
• Not related.
Q46. The human brain’s outer covering is:
A. Gray matter only
• Not covering.
B. Meninges (dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater) ✅
• Protective membranes around CNS.
C. Cerebellum
• A brain part, not covering.
D. Myelin
• Covers neurons.
Q47. The largest artery in the human body is:
A. Pulmonary artery
• Not largest.
B. Aorta ✅
• Carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle.
C. Vena cava
• Largest vein.
D. Coronary artery
• Supplies heart only.
Q48. Which cells are destroyed in Type 1 diabetes?
A. Neurons
• Not main.
B. Pancreatic beta cells (produce insulin) ✅
• Autoimmune destruction → insulin deficiency.
C. Alpha cells
• Glucagon producers.
D. Muscle cells
• Targets, not cause.
Q49. The hormone epinephrine (adrenaline) is secreted by:
A. Pancreas
• Not correct.
B. Adrenal medulla ✅
• Fight-or-flight hormone.
C. Thyroid
• Produces thyroxine.
D. Pituitary
• Produces other hormones.
Q50. Which hormone regulates basal metabolic rate?
A. Insulin
• Glucose metabolism.
B. Thyroxine (T4) from thyroid gland ✅
• Controls metabolism, growth, and development.
C. Cortisol
• Stress response.
D. Estrogen
• Reproductive hormone.
Part 3 — Medical Biology MCQs (Q51–Q75)
Q51. Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis?
A. Lysosome
• Digests waste.
B. Ribosome ✅
• Translates mRNA into proteins.
C. Mitochondria
• ATP production.
D. Golgi apparatus
• Modifies, packages proteins.
Q52. Which process produces gametes in humans?
A. Mitosis
• For growth.
B. Meiosis ✅
• Produces haploid gametes (sperm, ova).
C. Binary fission
• Asexual.
D. Budding
• Asexual.
Q53. Which part of the brain regulates temperature, hunger, thirst, and hormones?
A. Cerebrum
• Thought, memory.
B. Hypothalamus ✅
• Controls autonomic & endocrine functions.
C. Cerebellum
• Balance.
D. Medulla
• Vital reflexes.
Q54. Which gland is called the master gland?
A. Thyroid
• Controls metabolism.
B. Pituitary gland ✅
• Secretes hormones regulating other glands.
C. Adrenal
• Stress hormones.
D. Thymus
• Immunity.
Q55. Which hormone stimulates milk secretion in mammals?
A. Estrogen
• Regulates cycles.
B. Prolactin (anterior pituitary hormone) ✅
• Stimulates milk production.
C. Oxytocin
• Milk ejection, not production.
D. Progesterone
• Maintains pregnancy.
Q56. Which neurotransmitter is deficient in Parkinson’s disease?
A. Acetylcholine
• At neuromuscular junction.
B. Dopamine ✅
• Reduced in substantia nigra → tremors, rigidity.
C. Serotonin
• Mood regulation.
D. GABA
• Inhibition, not Parkinson’s.
Q57. Which disease is linked to amyloid plaques in the brain?
A. Parkinson’s disease
• Lewy bodies.
B. Alzheimer’s disease ✅
• Memory loss, dementia.
C. Epilepsy
• Seizures.
D. Stroke
• Vascular cause.
Q58. A patient with blood sugar consistently above normal is suffering from:
A. Hypoglycemia
• Low sugar.
B. Diabetes mellitus ✅
• Hyperglycemia due to insulin issues.
C. Hypothyroidism
• Low metabolism.
D. Anemia
• Low hemoglobin.
Q59. Which vitamin deficiency causes scurvy?
A. Vitamin A
• Vision.
B. Vitamin D
• Rickets.
C. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) ✅
• Deficiency → weak collagen, gum bleeding.
D. Vitamin K
• Clotting.
Q60. Which vitamin deficiency causes pernicious anemia?
A. Vitamin C
• Scurvy.
B. Vitamin B12 ✅
• Deficiency affects RBC production.
C. Vitamin D
• Bone issues.
D. Vitamin A
• Vision issues.
Q61. Which vitamin prevents night blindness?
A. Vitamin A ✅
• Needed for rhodopsin in retina.
B. Vitamin B12
• Anemia.
C. Vitamin D
• Bones.
D. Vitamin E
• Antioxidant.
Q62. Which genetic disorder is X-linked recessive?
A. Down syndrome
• Trisomy 21.
B. Hemophilia / Duchenne muscular dystrophy ✅
• More common in males.
C. Sickle cell anemia
• Autosomal recessive.
D. Huntington’s disease
• Autosomal dominant.
Q63. A karyotype shows:
A. Proteins
• Not correct.
B. Complete set of chromosomes arranged in pairs ✅
• Used to detect chromosomal abnormalities.
C. Antibodies
• Not karyotype.
D. Enzymes
• Not correct.
Q64. Which process copies DNA into mRNA?
A. Translation
• mRNA → protein.
B. Transcription ✅
• DNA → RNA.
C. Replication
• DNA → DNA.
D. Splicing
• mRNA processing.
Q65. Which process converts mRNA into protein?
A. Replication
• DNA → DNA.
B. Translation ✅
• Ribosome reads codons → polypeptide chain.
C. Transcription
• DNA → RNA.
D. Reverse transcription
• RNA → DNA.
Q66. Which organ produces bile?
A. Pancreas
• Produces digestive enzymes.
B. Liver ✅
• Produces bile to emulsify fats.
C. Gallbladder
• Stores bile only.
D. Kidney
• Not related.
Q67. Which is the structural and functional unit of muscle?
A. Mitochondria
• Energy supply.
B. Sarcomere ✅
• Actin–myosin filaments contract.
C. Nephron
• Kidney.
D. Osteon
• Bone.
Q68. Which cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl)?
A. Chief cells
• Pepsinogen.
B. Parietal cells ✅
• Secrete HCl + intrinsic factor.
C. Goblet cells
• Mucus.
D. Enterocytes
• Absorption.
Q69. Which enzyme digests proteins in the stomach?
A. Amylase
• Carbohydrates.
B. Pepsin ✅
• Active enzyme from pepsinogen.
C. Lipase
• Fats.
D. Trypsin
• Pancreatic, small intestine.
Q70. Which enzyme digests starch in saliva?
A. Lipase
• Digests fats.
B. Salivary amylase (ptyalin) ✅
• Breaks starch into maltose.
C. Pepsin
• Proteins.
D. Sucrase
• Sucrose.
Q71. Which metal ion is essential for hemoglobin?
A. Sodium
• Not used.
B. Iron (Fe²⁺ in heme group) ✅
• Binds O₂ in hemoglobin.
C. Magnesium
• Chlorophyll.
D. Calcium
• Bones.
Q72. Which type of immunity is provided by mother’s milk?
A. Active immunity
• Body makes its own antibodies.
B. Passive natural immunity ✅
• Maternal IgA antibodies in breast milk protect infant.
C. Passive artificial
• Antiserum.
D. Active artificial
• Vaccines.
Q73. The structure connecting the fetus with the placenta is:
A. Amniotic sac
• Fluid covering.
B. Umbilical cord ✅
• Contains blood vessels, nutrient exchange.
C. Yolk sac
• Early embryo nutrition.
D. Chorion
• Fetal membrane.
Q74. Which type of RNA carries amino acids during translation?
A. mRNA
• Message carrier.
B. tRNA ✅
• Brings amino acids to ribosome.
C. rRNA
• Ribosomal structural RNA.
D. snRNA
• Splicing.
Q75. Which process produces identical body cells?
A. Mitosis ✅
• For growth and repair.
B. Meiosis
• Gamete formation.
C. Budding
• Asexual reproduction in simple organisms.
D. Fertilization
• Gamete fusion.
Perfect ⚕️🧬 — let’s wrap up with Part 4 (Q76–Q100) of 100 Medical Biology MCQs.
This section emphasizes clinical medicine, pathology, microbiology, biotechnology in medicine, and exam-style integrative questions.
Part 4 — Medical Biology MCQs (Q76–Q100)
Q76. Which disease is caused by deficiency of insulin?
A. Hypertension
• Blood pressure.
B. Diabetes mellitus ✅
• Leads to hyperglycemia.
C. Anemia
• Hemoglobin low.
D. Asthma
• Respiratory.
Q77. Which bacterium is used in the production of insulin by genetic engineering?
A. Streptococcus
• Not used.
B. E. coli ✅
• First recombinant DNA product for humans.
C. Salmonella
• Pathogen.
D. Bacillus
• Other uses.
Q78. Which blood component transports oxygen?
A. Plasma
• Transports nutrients.
B. Red blood cells (hemoglobin) ✅
• Carry O₂ via heme group.
C. Platelets
• Clotting.
D. WBCs
• Immunity.
Q79. Which blood cells defend against infections?
A. RBCs
• O₂ transport.
B. WBCs (leukocytes) ✅
• Innate and adaptive immunity.
C. Platelets
• Clotting.
D. Plasma
• Fluid.
Q80. Which is the smallest structural unit of life?
A. Tissue
• Many cells.
B. Organ
• Multicellular.
C. Cell ✅
• Basic unit of life.
D. Organelle
• Cell component.
Q81. Which hormone regulates sleep–wake cycle?
A. Thyroxine
• Metabolism.
B. Melatonin (pineal gland) ✅
• Controls circadian rhythm.
C. Cortisol
• Stress hormone.
D. Insulin
• Glucose metabolism.
Q82. Which organ secretes digestive enzymes and hormones?
A. Liver
• Produces bile only.
B. Pancreas ✅
• Produces insulin, glucagon + digestive enzymes.
C. Spleen
• Immune organ.
D. Kidney
• Filters blood.
Q83. Which protein in muscles stores oxygen?
A. Hemoglobin
• Blood.
B. Myoglobin ✅
• Stores O₂ in muscles.
C. Albumin
• Plasma protein.
D. Globulin
• Immunity.
Q84. Which condition is caused by lack of thyroxine in childhood?
A. Diabetes
• Insulin deficiency.
B. Cretinism ✅
• Mental retardation, stunted growth.
C. Rickets
• Vitamin D deficiency.
D. Scurvy
• Vitamin C deficiency.
Q85. The genetic code is described as:
A. Overlapping
• Not in humans.
B. Universal and degenerate ✅
• Same in most organisms, multiple codons for one amino acid.
C. Ambiguous
• Not ambiguous.
D. Non-specific
• Wrong.
Q86. The heart sound “lub” is caused by closure of:
A. Semilunar valves
• “Dub” sound.
B. AV valves (tricuspid and mitral) ✅
• Close at ventricular systole.
C. Aortic valve only
• Not correct.
D. Pulmonary valve only
• Not correct.
Q87. Which virus causes measles?
A. Adenovirus
• Respiratory infections.
B. Morbillivirus (Paramyxoviridae) ✅
• Causes measles.
C. Flavivirus
• Dengue, yellow fever.
D. Herpesvirus
• HSV, VZV.
Q88. Which virus is linked with cervical cancer?
A. HIV
• Immunosuppression only.
B. Human papillomavirus (HPV types 16, 18) ✅
• Oncogenic.
C. Hepatitis C virus
• Liver cancer.
D. EBV
• Nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Q89. Which virus caused the COVID-19 pandemic?
A. Influenza virus
• Seasonal flu.
B. SARS-CoV-2 (Coronavirus) ✅
• Novel betacoronavirus.
C. HIV
• AIDS.
D. Adenovirus
• Not pandemic.
Q90. Which diagnostic test detects viral RNA?
A. ELISA
• Antigens/antibodies.
B. RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase PCR) ✅
• Detects RNA viruses like SARS-CoV-2.
C. Western blot
• Detects proteins.
D. Microscopy
• Structure only.
Q91. Which structure produces sperm?
A. Prostate gland
• Secretes fluid.
B. Testes (seminiferous tubules) ✅
• Produce spermatozoa.
C. Vas deferens
• Transports sperm.
D. Epididymis
• Stores sperm.
Q92. Fertilization normally occurs in:
A. Uterus
• Implantation site.
B. Fallopian tube (ampulla region) ✅
• Egg meets sperm here.
C. Ovary
• Egg released.
D. Cervix
• Not site of fertilization.
Q93. Which hormone triggers ovulation?
A. FSH
• Stimulates follicle growth.
B. LH (Luteinizing hormone) ✅
• Causes ovulation, corpus luteum formation.
C. Estrogen
• Prepares endometrium.
D. Progesterone
• Maintains pregnancy.
Q94. Which chromosome abnormality causes Turner syndrome?
A. Trisomy 21
• Down syndrome.
B. Monosomy X (45, XO) ✅
• Female with short stature, infertility.
C. XXY
• Klinefelter syndrome.
D. Trisomy 18
• Edwards syndrome.
Q95. Which chromosome abnormality causes Klinefelter syndrome?
A. XO
• Turner.
B. XXY (extra X in males) ✅
• Tall stature, infertility.
C. Trisomy 21
• Down syndrome.
D. XY
• Normal male.
Q96. Which structure in the eye is sensitive to light?
A. Cornea
• Transparent covering.
B. Retina (rods and cones) ✅
• Photoreceptors detect light.
C. Iris
• Controls pupil.
D. Lens
• Focuses light.
Q97. Which ear structure maintains balance?
A. Cochlea
• Hearing.
B. Semicircular canals (vestibular system) ✅
• Detect rotation and balance.
C. Eardrum
• Vibration.
D. Ossicles
• Sound conduction.
Q98. Which hormone increases blood glucose levels?
A. Insulin
• Lowers glucose.
B. Glucagon (pancreatic alpha cells) ✅
• Promotes glycogen breakdown.
C. Thyroxine
• Metabolic rate.
D. Cortisol
• Also raises glucose, but secondary.
Q99. Which is the main energy currency of cells?
A. DNA
• Information storage.
B. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) ✅
• Powers biological reactions.
C. Protein
• Structure and function.
D. RNA
• Messenger.
Q100. Why is medical biology important for NEET, USMLE, GRE, IMAT exams?
A. Only academic theory
• Too narrow.
B. Integrates anatomy, physiology, genetics, pathology, microbiology — foundation of health sciences ✅
• Critical for medicine.
C. Only genetics
• Much broader.
D. Only hospital use
• Also research & public health.
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