Introduction Black holes are among the most enigmatic and fascinating phenomena in the universe. These cosmic giants, characterized by their intense gravitational pull, challenge our understanding of physics and the nature of reality. From their formation to their role in…

Introduction The preservation of natural resources is fundamental to sustaining life on Earth. As the global population grows and industrial activities expand, the demand for natural resources has intensified, leading to environmental degradation and resource depletion. Natural resources, including water,…

Introduction Climate change represents one of the most significant global challenges of our time, with far-reaching consequences for natural ecosystems and species diversity. As the Earth's climate shifts due to rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events, the…