Introduction Air pollution has emerged as one of the most significant environmental challenges in urban areas worldwide, and Indian cities are no exception. The rapid pace of urbanization, industrialization, and population growth has contributed to a surge in air pollution…

Which Indian city has consistently ranked among the most polluted in the world according to the World Air Quality Report? A) Mumbai B) Delhi C) Kolkata D) Bengaluru Answer: B) Delhi What is the primary source of air pollution in…

Introduction Urbanization is one of the most significant phenomena of the 21st century, especially in developing countries like India. As cities expand to accommodate a growing population, urban sprawl becomes a critical issue. Urban sprawl is characterized by the outward…

What is urban sprawl? A) The expansion of urban areas into rural land B) The growth of urban areas within their existing boundaries C) The decline of urban areas D) The establishment of rural areas in urban settings Answer: A…

Introduction India, a land of diverse geography and rich cultural heritage, is blessed with an extensive network of rivers that are vital to its ecological balance, economy, and social fabric. The country's river basins—defined as the areas of land where…

Which is the largest river basin in India? A) Ganges Basin B) Indus Basin C) Brahmaputra Basin D) Godavari Basin Answer: A) Ganges Basin The river basin that includes the states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh is: A) Godavari…

Introduction India, a country of immense diversity, is characterized by its vast geography, which significantly influences its regional development. From the towering Himalayas in the north to the coastal plains of the south, and from the Thar Desert in the…

Which of the following is a primary factor influencing regional development in India? A) Political stability B) Cultural diversity C) Geographical features D) Historical events Answer: C) Geographical features What geographical feature is primarily responsible for the fertility of the…

Introduction Biodiversity is a vital component of Earth's ecosystem, encompassing the variety of life forms on our planet, including plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, as well as the ecosystems they inhabit. India, with its rich and varied landscape, is home…

Which of the following is NOT considered a biodiversity hotspot in India? A) Western Ghats B) Himalayas C) Thar Desert D) Indo-Burma Answer: C) Thar Desert What criteria must an area meet to be classified as a biodiversity hotspot? A)…

Introduction India, the seventh-largest country in the world, is home to over 1.4 billion people, making it the second-most populous nation. This demographic reality, combined with the country's diverse geography and climate, creates a complex and pressing issue: a severe…

What is the primary cause of water scarcity in India? a) Overpopulation b) Deforestation c) Urbanization d) All of the above Answer: d) All of the above Which river is considered the most polluted river in India? a) Ganges b)…

Introduction India, with its diverse geography and climate, experiences a wide range of natural phenomena, among which floods and droughts are the most prominent. These two extreme weather conditions have significant impacts on the country's economy, environment, and society. While…

What is the primary cause of floods in India during the monsoon season? A) Deforestation B) Heavy rainfall C) Riverbank erosion D) Urbanization Answer: B) Heavy rainfall Which river basin in India is most prone to flooding? A) Ganges B)…

Introduction The Indian monsoon is a complex and vital climatic phenomenon that influences not only the weather patterns but also the socio-economic fabric of the country. Spanning from June to September, the monsoon season is marked by heavy rainfall that…

What is the primary driver of the Indian monsoon? A) Western Disturbances B) Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) C) El Niño D) North-East Trade Winds Answer: B) Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) Which months are typically associated with the southwest monsoon in…

Introduction Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems on the planet, playing a critical role in maintaining ecological balance. They encompass a diverse range of habitats, including marshes, swamps, estuaries, and lagoons. In India, wetlands cover approximately 4.5% of the…

Which of the following is NOT a type of wetland? a) Marsh b) Swamp c) Desert d) Estuary Answer: c) Desert What is the primary function of wetlands in maintaining ecological balance? a) Providing recreational activities b) Flood control and…

Introduction Climate change is no longer a distant threat; it is a contemporary reality affecting nations worldwide, with India being one of the most vulnerable countries. India’s unique geographical features, ranging from the Himalayan mountain range to coastal plains and…

Which of the following is a significant impact of climate change on the Himalayan glaciers? A) Increased snowfall B) Glacier retreat C) Stabilization of glaciers D) Formation of new glaciers Answer: B) Glacier retreat What is the projected rise in…