CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025–26 | NCERT
CBSE Class 12 – Biology
(Based on NCERT | Latest CBSE Curriculum 2025–26)
🧬 CLASS 12 – BIOLOGY
Board: CBSE
Subject: Biology
Academic Year: 2025–26
📝 QUESTION PATTERN & MARKING SCHEME (CBSE)
Theory Examination: 70 Marks
Time: 3 Hours
Question Paper Structure
- Section A: MCQs / Very Short Answer (1 mark each)
- Section B: Short Answer Questions (2 marks each)
- Section C: Short Answer Questions (3 marks each)
- Section D: Long Answer Questions (5 marks each)
- Section E: Case-based / Competency-based Questions
- Internal choices provided as per CBSE norms
- Map-based questions: Not applicable
Practical Examination: 30 Marks
- Experiments & Activities
- Practical Record / Project
- Viva Voce
Total Marks: 100 (70 Theory + 30 Practical)
📚 SYLLABUS – UNIT-WISE (AS PER NCERT & CBSE 2025–26)
NCERT Book: Biology – Class XII
| Unit | Chapter Title | Learning Outcomes / Chapter Summary |
|---|---|---|
| Unit I | Reproduction in Organisms | Understand asexual and sexual reproduction and life cycles in organisms. |
| Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants | Study pollination, fertilisation, seed and fruit formation in plants. | |
| Human Reproduction | Learn structure and functions of human reproductive system and gametogenesis. | |
| Reproductive Health | Understand contraception, infertility, STDs and reproductive health measures. | |
| Unit II | Principles of Inheritance and Variation | Study Mendelian genetics, inheritance patterns and genetic disorders. |
| Molecular Basis of Inheritance | Understand DNA, RNA, replication, transcription and translation. | |
| Unit III | Evolution | Learn theories of evolution, evidences and mechanisms of evolution. |
| Unit IV | Human Health and Disease | Understand pathogens, immunity, common diseases and prevention. |
| Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production | Learn breeding techniques, animal husbandry and food production strategies. | |
| Microbes in Human Welfare | Study role of microbes in industry, medicine, agriculture and environment. | |
| Unit V | Biotechnology: Principles and Processes | Understand genetic engineering tools and processes. |
| Biotechnology and Its Applications | Learn applications of biotechnology in health, agriculture and industry. | |
| Unit VI | Organisms and Populations | Study population dynamics, interactions and adaptations. |
| Ecosystem | Understand ecosystem structure, functions, energy flow and nutrient cycles. | |
| Biodiversity and Conservation | Learn importance of biodiversity and conservation strategies. | |
| Environmental Issues | Study pollution, climate change and environmental protection measures. |
🧪 PRACTICAL SYLLABUS (CLASS XII)
| Area | Activities | Skills Developed |
|---|---|---|
| Experiments | Genetics, ecology and physiology-based experiments | Observation and analytical skills |
| Spotting | Slides, specimens and diagrams | Identification skills |
| Project | Biology-based investigatory project | Research and presentation |
| Record File | Practical documentation | Accuracy and organisation |
| Viva Voce | Concept explanation | Conceptual clarity |
📌 PEDAGOGY & ASSESSMENT NOTES
- Focus on conceptual understanding, diagrams and application-based questions
- Practical work enhances experimental and analytical skills
- Case-based questions test real-life biological applications
- NCERT textbooks and diagrams are essential for board exams
🔍 RELATED KEYPHRASES
- CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26
- NCERT Biology Class 12 Curriculum
- Class 12 Biology Exam Pattern CBSE
- CBSE Biology Practical Syllabus Class 12
- Biology NCERT Book Class XII
❓ FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQs)
Q1. How many marks are allotted for theory in Class 12 Biology?
The theory paper carries 70 marks.
Q2. Is the Biology practical exam compulsory?
Yes, 30 marks practical examination is mandatory.
Q3. Are diagrams important in the Biology exam?
Yes, neat and well-labelled diagrams are very important for scoring well.
Q4. Is NCERT enough for CBSE Class 12 Biology?
Yes, NCERT textbooks, examples and diagrams are sufficient for board exams.
Q5. Which unit has the highest weightage in Biology?
Genetics, Biotechnology and Ecology together carry significant weightage.
