CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025–26 | NCERT
CBSE Class 12 – Geography Syllabus (2025–26)
Class: XII
Subject: Geography
Board: Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)
📝 CBSE Class 12 Geography – Question Pattern & Marking Scheme (2025–26)
Theory Examination
- Maximum Marks: 70
- Time: 3 Hours
Practical / Internal Assessment
- Marks: 30
Question Paper Structure
- Section A: Very Short Answer Questions (VSA / MCQs)
- Section B: Short Answer Questions (SA)
- Section C: Long Answer Questions (LA)
- Section D: Case-Based / Source-Based Questions
- Section E: Map-Based Questions
✔ Internal choices provided as per CBSE norms
✔ Map work compulsory in theory paper
✔ Practical file, viva-voce and written test included in internal assessment
📚 CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus (NCERT 2025–26)
Book 1: Fundamentals of Human Geography
| Unit | Chapter Title | Learning Outcomes / Key Focus |
|---|---|---|
| Unit 1 | Human Geography: Nature and Scope | Understand meaning, branches and importance of human geography. |
| Unit 2 | The World Population – Distribution, Density and Growth | Study population patterns, growth trends and demographic factors. |
| Unit 3 | Human Development | Analyze indicators of development and regional disparities. |
| Unit 4 | Primary Activities | Understand agriculture, mining, fishing and related livelihoods. |
| Unit 5 | Secondary Activities | Study manufacturing industries and industrial regions. |
| Unit 6 | Tertiary and Quaternary Activities | Examine service sector, knowledge-based activities and trade. |
| Unit 7 | Transport, Communication and Trade | Understand global transport networks and international trade. |
| Unit 8 | International Trade | Analyze types, importance and balance of trade. |
Book 2: India – People and Economy
| Unit | Chapter Title | Learning Outcomes / Key Focus |
|---|---|---|
| Unit 9 | Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition | Study India’s population trends and demographic structure. |
| Unit 10 | Human Settlements | Understand rural and urban settlements and urbanization issues. |
| Unit 11 | Land Resources and Agriculture | Analyze land use, cropping patterns and agricultural systems. |
| Unit 12 | Water Resources | Study water availability, utilization and conservation in India. |
| Unit 13 | Mineral and Energy Resources | Understand distribution and importance of minerals and power resources. |
| Unit 14 | Manufacturing Industries | Examine industrial regions and key industries of India. |
| Unit 15 | Transport, Communication and International Trade | Study infrastructure, connectivity and trade networks. |
| Unit 16 | Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems | Analyze environmental issues, resource depletion and sustainability. |
🗺️ Geography Practical Work (30 Marks)
- Practical Record Book & Written Test
- Map Work (India & World)
- Field Study / Spatial Data Analysis
- Viva-Voce Examination
Practical syllabus strictly follows the NCERT Geography Practical Work guidelines.
🔍 Related Keyphrases
- CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025–26
- Class 12 Geography NCERT Chapter List
- CBSE Geography Exam Pattern Class 12
- Class 12 Geography Practical and Map Work
- CBSE Geography Project and Practical File
❓ FAQs – CBSE Class 12 Geography
Q1. What is the total marks distribution for Class 12 Geography?
The subject carries 100 marks — 70 marks for theory and 30 marks for practical/internal assessment.
Q2. How many books are prescribed for Class 12 Geography?
Two NCERT textbooks are prescribed: Fundamentals of Human Geography and India – People and Economy, along with a Practical Work book.
Q3. Is map work compulsory in the Geography board exam?
Yes, map-based questions are compulsory and carry dedicated marks in the theory paper.
Q4. What does the Geography practical exam include?
It includes practical record work, map work, data analysis, written test and viva-voce.
Q5. Is the Class 12 Geography syllabus fully based on NCERT?
Yes, CBSE Geography board examinations are strictly based on NCERT textbooks and practical guidelines.
