CBSE Class 12 Physics — Syllabus 2025-26

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Categories CBSE Syllabus 2025 - 2026
Date 27/09/2025

Chapter-wise syllabus for CBSE Class 12 Physics (2025-26, Subject Code 042) based on the CBSE/NCERT syllabus.

CBSE Class 12 Physics — Syllabus 2025-26

Unit	Chapter No. / Title	Key Topics / Sub-topics
Unit I: Electrostatics	Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields	• Electric charges; conservation of charge • Coulomb’s law (force between point charges) • Principle of superposition; continuous charge distributions • Electric field, field lines • Dipoles, field due to dipole, torque on dipole in uniform field • Electric flux; Gauss’s theorem • Applications of Gauss’s law: infinite line charge, infinite plane sheet, spherical shell (inside & outside)
	Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance	• Electric potential, potential difference • Potential due to point charge, dipole, and system of charges • Equipotential surfaces • Potential energy of charge systems and dipoles • Conductors vs insulators; free and bound charges • Dielectrics, polarization • Capacitors and capacitance • Series & parallel combinations • Capacitance with dielectric medium • Energy stored in a capacitor (formulas)
Unit II: Current Electricity	Chapter 3: Current Electricity	• Electric current, drift velocity & mobility • Relation between current, drift velocity, charge, area • Ohm’s Law, V-I characteristics (linear & non-linear) • Electrical energy & power • Resistivity, conductivity, temperature dependence • Internal resistance of a cell, emf, potential difference • Combination of cells (series/parallel) • Kirchhoff’s laws, Wheatstone bridge
Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism	Chapter 4: Moving Charges & Magnetism	• Magnetic field, Oersted’s experiment • Biot-Savart law & application (circular loop) • Ampere’s law & applications (infinitely long straight wire) • Solenoid (qualitative) • Force on moving charge in E & B fields • Force on current carrying conductor in uniform field • Force between parallel currents; definition of ampere • Torque on current loop; magnetic dipole moment • Moving coil galvanometer → ammeter, voltmeter
	Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter	• Bar magnet; concept of magnetic dipole • Magnetic field of a dipole (qualitative) • Torque on magnetic dipole in uniform magnetic field • Magnetic field lines • Magnetic properties of materials: diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic • Magnetization, magnetic intensity • Effect of temperature on magnetic properties
Unit IV: Electromagnetic Induction & Alternating Current	Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction	• Faraday’s laws of induction • Induced emf and induced current • Lenz’s law • Self induction, mutual induction • Inductors and coils
	Chapter 7: Alternating Current	• Alternating current & voltage; peak & RMS values • Reactance and impedance • Series LCR circuit (phasor method) • Resonance in AC circuit • Power in AC circuits; power factor • Wattless current • AC generator • Transformer (basic) (EduStud)
Unit V: Electromagnetic Waves	Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves	• Displacement current (basic idea) • Concept of electromagnetic waves • Their transverse nature (qualitative) • Electromagnetic spectrum and applications (radio, microwaves, IR, visible, UV, X-rays, γ-rays)
Unit VI: Optics	Chapter 9: Ray Optics & Optical Instruments	• Reflection, spherical mirrors, mirror formula • Refraction, total internal reflection, optical fibres • Refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula • Combination of lenses, magnification, power • Optical instruments: microscopes, astronomical telescopes (reflecting & refracting)
	Chapter 10: Wave Optics	• Wavefronts; Huygens’ principle • Laws of reflection & refraction (via wavefronts) • Interference; Young’s double slit experiment; fringe width (expression) • Coherent sources • Diffraction (single slit) • (Optionally) Some deletions as per latest syllabus
Unit VII: Dual Nature of Radiation & Matter	Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation & Matter	• Photoelectric effect • Einstein’s photoelectric equation • Matter waves: de Broglie hypothesis • Wave nature of particles (qualitative)
Unit VIII: Atoms & Nuclei	Chapter 12: Atoms	• Rutherford model; atomic spectra • Bohr’s model for hydrogen atom; energy levels
	Chapter 13: Nuclei	• Properties of nucleus; mass defect; binding energy • Radioactivity: α, β, γ rays • Nuclear fission & fusion (qualitative)
Unit IX: Electronic Devices	Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices & Simple Circuits	• Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors, insulators (qualitative) • Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors (p & n types) • p-n junction diode; I–V characteristics in forward & reverse bias • Applications of p-n junction diode (e.g. rectifier)

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