Chapter 5: Morphology of Flowering Plants – MCQs
🌿 Morphology of Flowering Plants – MCQs
Part 1 (Q1–Q25)
Q1. The study of external features of plants is called:
A) Anatomy
B) Cytology
C) Morphology ✅
D) Histology
Explanation: Morphology deals with the external form and structure of plants.
Q2. The primary root develops from:
A) Plumule
B) Radicle ✅
C) Cotyledon
D) Epicotyl
Explanation: The radicle of the embryo develops into the primary root.
Q3. Which type of root system is found in monocots?
A) Tap root
B) Fibrous root ✅
C) Adventitious root
D) Prop root
Explanation: In monocots, the primary root is short-lived and replaced by a fibrous root system.
Q4. Prop roots are found in:
A) Wheat
B) Maize ✅
C) Pea
D) Mango
Explanation: Maize and banyan develop prop roots for extra mechanical support.
Q5. Pneumatophores help in:
A) Food storage
B) Respiration ✅
C) Reproduction
D) Photosynthesis
Explanation: Pneumatophores are respiratory roots in mangroves like Rhizophora.
Q6. Which is an underground stem modification?
A) Tuber ✅
B) Tap root
C) Adventitious root
D) Fibrous root
Explanation: Potato tuber is a modified underground stem storing starch.
Q7. The stem modification in onion is:
A) Tuber
B) Bulb ✅
C) Rhizome
D) Corm
Explanation: Onion bulb is an underground stem modification with fleshy scales.
Q8. Which plant has phylloclade?
A) Bougainvillea
B) Opuntia ✅
C) Mustard
D) Pea
Explanation: Opuntia has flattened green phylloclades for photosynthesis.
Q9. Compound leaves are found in:
A) Mango
B) Neem ✅
C) Guava
D) Hibiscus
Explanation: Neem has compound leaves with many leaflets.
Q10. The type of venation in dicots is:
A) Parallel
B) Reticulate ✅
C) Circular
D) None
Explanation: Dicots show reticulate venation, while monocots show parallel venation.
Q11. The arrangement of leaves on the stem is called:
A) Vernation
B) Venation
C) Phyllotaxy ✅
D) Inflorescence
Explanation: Phyllotaxy is the arrangement of leaves on stem/branch (alternate, opposite, whorled).
Q12. Which phyllotaxy is found in china rose?
A) Opposite
B) Alternate ✅
C) Whorled
D) Spiral
Explanation: China rose (Hibiscus) has alternate phyllotaxy.
Q13. Whorled phyllotaxy is found in:
A) Mustard
B) Alstonia ✅
C) Tulsi
D) Mango
Explanation: Alstonia shows whorled phyllotaxy (3 or more leaves in a whorl).
Q14. The edible part of potato is:
A) Root
B) Stem tuber ✅
C) Leaf
D) Cotyledon
Explanation: Potato tuber is a modified stem storing starch.
Q15. The inflorescence of sunflower is:
A) Umbel
B) Spike
C) Capitulum ✅
D) Panicle
Explanation: Sunflower inflorescence is capitulum (head type).
Q16. The edible part of onion is:
A) Root
B) Stem
C) Fleshy leaves ✅
D) Cotyledon
Explanation: Onion bulb is made of fleshy leaf bases.
Q17. Gynoecium of mustard is:
A) Monocarpellary
B) Bicarpellary syncarpous ✅
C) Multicarpellary
D) Apocarpous
Explanation: Mustard gynoecium is bicarpellary syncarpous (fused carpels).
Q18. A unisexual flower is found in:
A) Hibiscus
B) Cucumber ✅
C) Mustard
D) China rose
Explanation: Cucumber has unisexual flowers (male and female separate).
Q19. The fruit of mango is:
A) Drupe ✅
B) Berry
C) Capsule
D) Pome
Explanation: Mango develops into a drupe (fleshy fruit with stony endocarp).
Q20. Which fruit develops from the ovary?
A) True fruit ✅
B) False fruit
C) Parthenocarpic fruit
D) Accessory fruit
Explanation: True fruit develops from ovary only.
Q21. The false fruit of apple develops from:
A) Ovary
B) Thalamus ✅
C) Petal
D) Stigma
Explanation: In apple, the fruit develops from thalamus, so it is a false fruit.
Q22. In pea, the fruit is:
A) Capsule
B) Legume ✅
C) Drupe
D) Samara
Explanation: Pea fruit is a legume (pod) developing from a single carpel.
Q23. The seed of castor is:
A) Monocot
B) Dicot ✅
C) Both
D) None
Explanation: Castor is a dicot plant with two cotyledons.
Q24. The outermost whorl of a flower is:
A) Corolla
B) Calyx ✅
C) Androecium
D) Gynoecium
Explanation: Calyx (sepals) is the outermost whorl of a flower.
Q25. Pollination by wind is called:
A) Hydrophily
B) Anemophily ✅
C) Entomophily
D) Ornithophily
Explanation: Wind pollination is termed anemophily (e.g., maize).
🌿 Morphology of Flowering Plants – MCQs
Part 2 (Q26–Q50)
Q26. The edible part of carrot is:
A) Stem
B) Tap root ✅
C) Fibrous root
D) Bulb
Explanation: Carrot is a modified tap root storing food.
Q27. In sweet potato, the edible part is:
A) Tap root
B) Adventitious root ✅
C) Stem tuber
D) Bulb
Explanation: Sweet potato stores food in adventitious roots.
Q28. The root of turnip is:
A) Tap root modified for storage ✅
B) Fibrous root
C) Adventitious root
D) Tuber
Explanation: Turnip is a swollen tap root storing food.
Q29. In banyan tree, the hanging roots are:
A) Prop roots
B) Stilt roots
C) Aerial adventitious roots ✅
D) Pneumatophores
Explanation: Banyan develops aerial adventitious roots hanging from branches.
Q30. In maize, the supporting roots are called:
A) Prop roots ✅
B) Stilt roots
C) Pneumatophores
D) Adventitious roots
Explanation: Prop roots in maize provide mechanical support.
Q31. The edible part of ginger is:
A) Root
B) Rhizome ✅
C) Bulb
D) Tuber
Explanation: Ginger is a modified underground stem (rhizome).
Q32. In Colocasia (arvi), the edible part is:
A) Root
B) Rhizome ✅
C) Tuber
D) Bulb
Explanation: Colocasia (arvi) has an underground stem rhizome.
Q33. In gladiolus and Colchicum, the underground stem is:
A) Tuber
B) Corm ✅
C) Bulb
D) Rhizome
Explanation: Gladiolus shows corm, a swollen underground stem with nodes.
Q34. Which of the following has a sucker modification?
A) Maize
B) Mint ✅
C) Onion
D) Ginger
Explanation: Mint shows a sucker modification for vegetative propagation.
Q35. Which plant has phyllode?
A) Opuntia
B) Australian Acacia ✅
C) Mint
D) Mango
Explanation: In Australian Acacia, the petiole becomes flattened (phyllode) for photosynthesis.
Q36. The axillary bud of potato develops into:
A) Scale leaf
B) Adventitious root
C) New shoot ✅
D) Flower
Explanation: Axillary buds of potato tuber sprout into new shoots (vegetative propagation).
Q37. Compound leaves are present in:
A) Mango
B) Neem ✅
C) Peepal
D) Guava
Explanation: Neem has compound leaves consisting of leaflets.
Q38. The leaf base in banana forms:
A) Pulvinus
B) Sheathing leaf base ✅
C) Stipule
D) Petiole
Explanation: Monocots (banana, grass) have a sheathing leaf base.
Q39. Reticulate venation is found in:
A) Maize
B) Rice
C) Mango ✅
D) Wheat
Explanation: Dicots (like mango) show reticulate venation.
Q40. Parallel venation is a feature of:
A) Dicot plants
B) Monocot plants ✅
C) Gymnosperms
D) None
Explanation: Monocots (maize, wheat, grasses) show parallel venation.
Q41. The floral formula of mustard is:
A) ✶ K5 C5 A(5) G1
B) ✶ K2+2 C4 A2+4 G(2) ✅
C) ✶ K(5) C(5) A(5) G(5)
D) Z K(3) C(3) A3 G(3)
Explanation: Mustard (Brassicaceae) floral formula: K2+2 C4 A2+4 G(2).
Q42. The inflorescence of mustard is:
A) Raceme ✅
B) Panicle
C) Cyme
D) Spike
Explanation: Mustard shows racemose inflorescence (raceme type).
Q43. In sunflower, the inflorescence is:
A) Spike
B) Capitulum ✅
C) Cyathium
D) Raceme
Explanation: Sunflower has a capitulum (head) inflorescence.
Q44. The aestivation in China rose is:
A) Valvate
B) Twisted ✅
C) Imbricate
D) Vexillary
Explanation: China rose (Hibiscus) shows twisted aestivation.
Q45. Vexillary aestivation is found in:
A) Mustard
B) Pea ✅
C) China rose
D) Sunflower
Explanation: Pea (Fabaceae) shows vexillary aestivation (standard, wings, keel).
Q46. Gynoecium of lily is:
A) Apocarpous
B) Syncarpous ✅
C) Multicarpellary apocarpous
D) Monocarpellary
Explanation: Lily (Liliaceae) has tricarpellary syncarpous ovary.
Q47. The fruit of pea is:
A) Drupe
B) Capsule
C) Legume ✅
D) Berry
Explanation: Pea fruit is a legume (pod).
Q48. The fruit of banana is:
A) Drupe
B) Berry ✅
C) Capsule
D) Pome
Explanation: Banana develops a parthenocarpic berry.
Q49. The edible part of apple is:
A) Ovary
B) Thalamus ✅
C) Pericarp
D) Seed
Explanation: In apple, the fleshy edible part is thalamus (false fruit).
Q50. A dry indehiscent fruit with a single seed is:
A) Drupe
B) Caryopsis
C) Cypsela ✅
D) Legume
Explanation: Cypsela is a dry indehiscent fruit (e.g., sunflower).
🌿 Morphology of Flowering Plants – MCQs
Part 3 (Q51–Q75)
Q51. The fruit of wheat is:
A) Caryopsis ✅
B) Drupe
C) Berry
D) Cypsela
Explanation: Wheat (a monocot grass) has a caryopsis, where seed coat and pericarp are fused.
Q52. In maize, the type of root system is:
A) Tap root
B) Fibrous root ✅
C) Adventitious root
D) Prop root
Explanation: Maize (a monocot) has a fibrous root system.
Q53. In sweet potato, food is stored in:
A) Stem
B) Adventitious root ✅
C) Tap root
D) Bulb
Explanation: Sweet potato stores food in adventitious roots, not stem.
Q54. The edible part of groundnut is:
A) Pericarp
B) Cotyledons ✅
C) Endosperm
D) Thalamus
Explanation: Groundnut seed has two cotyledons rich in proteins and oils.
Q55. The inflorescence of pea is:
A) Raceme ✅
B) Capitulum
C) Spike
D) Cyathium
Explanation: Pea shows racemose inflorescence.
Q56. The aestivation in pea is:
A) Valvate
B) Vexillary ✅
C) Imbricate
D) Twisted
Explanation: Pea (Fabaceae) shows vexillary aestivation (standard, wings, keel).
Q57. The placentation in sunflower is:
A) Marginal
B) Basal
C) Axile
D) Basal with single ovule per ovary ✅
Explanation: Sunflower (Asteraceae) has basal placentation with one ovule per ovary.
Q58. The placentation in pea is:
A) Marginal ✅
B) Axile
C) Basal
D) Free central
Explanation: Pea shows marginal placentation, ovules along margin of carpel.
Q59. The placentation in tomato is:
A) Axile ✅
B) Marginal
C) Basal
D) Free central
Explanation: Tomato (Solanaceae) shows axile placentation.
Q60. Which type of fruit is characteristic of Asteraceae?
A) Drupe
B) Caryopsis
C) Cypsela ✅
D) Berry
Explanation: Asteraceae (sunflower family) fruits are cypsela.
Q61. Which type of placentation is seen in mustard?
A) Axile
B) Parietal ✅
C) Marginal
D) Free central
Explanation: Mustard (Brassicaceae) has parietal placentation.
Q62. Which family shows epigynous flowers with inferior ovary?
A) Fabaceae
B) Liliaceae
C) Asteraceae ✅
D) Brassicaceae
Explanation: Asteraceae flowers are epigynous (ovary inferior).
Q63. The root modification in Rhizophora is:
A) Pneumatophores ✅
B) Prop roots
C) Stilt roots
D) Fibrous roots
Explanation: Mangroves (Rhizophora) develop pneumatophores for respiration in swampy areas.
Q64. The floral symmetry of mustard is:
A) Zygomorphic
B) Actinomorphic ✅
C) Asymmetric
D) Bilateral
Explanation: Mustard flowers are actinomorphic (radially symmetrical).
Q65. The edible part of coconut is:
A) Seed endosperm ✅
B) Pericarp
C) Cotyledon
D) Thalamus
Explanation: Coconut edible part is endosperm (liquid and solid).
Q66. A drupe fruit is seen in:
A) Mango ✅
B) Tomato
C) Apple
D) Sunflower
Explanation: Mango fruit is a drupe with stony endocarp.
Q67. Which plant has a unisexual flower?
A) Mustard
B) Cucumber ✅
C) Hibiscus
D) Pea
Explanation: Cucumber has unisexual (male and female separate) flowers.
Q68. Which plant family shows vexillary aestivation?
A) Fabaceae ✅
B) Asteraceae
C) Solanaceae
D) Brassicaceae
Explanation: Fabaceae (pea family) flowers show vexillary aestivation.
Q69. Which plant family has a syngenesious condition of stamens?
A) Asteraceae ✅
B) Fabaceae
C) Solanaceae
D) Brassicaceae
Explanation: Asteraceae stamens are syngenesious (anthers fused, filaments free).
Q70. In mustard, the fruit is:
A) Siliqua ✅
B) Drupe
C) Capsule
D) Legume
Explanation: Mustard fruit is siliqua, a dry dehiscent fruit.
Q71. The edible part of pea seed is:
A) Cotyledons ✅
B) Endosperm
C) Pericarp
D) Thalamus
Explanation: In pea (a dicot seed), the edible part is cotyledons.
Q72. In maize, the edible part is:
A) Cotyledon
B) Endosperm ✅
C) Thalamus
D) Cotyledon + pericarp
Explanation: Maize seed is a monocot, edible part is endosperm.
Q73. In brinjal, the fruit is:
A) Capsule
B) Berry ✅
C) Drupe
D) Legume
Explanation: Brinjal (Solanaceae) fruit is a berry.
Q74. The ovary position in lily is:
A) Superior
B) Inferior
C) Half-inferior
D) Superior (tricarpellary syncarpous) ✅
Explanation: Lily (Liliaceae) has a superior ovary (tricarpellary syncarpous).
Q75. The seed of castor is:
A) Endospermic ✅
B) Non-endospermic
C) Both
D) None
Explanation: Castor (Euphorbiaceae) is a dicot seed but endospermic.
🌿 Morphology of Flowering Plants – MCQs
Part 4 (Q76–Q100)
Q76. The fruit of cotton is:
A) Capsule ✅
B) Drupe
C) Berry
D) Nut
Explanation: Cotton produces a dry dehiscent fruit called capsule.
Q77. The fruit of tomato is:
A) Drupe
B) Berry ✅
C) Capsule
D) Nut
Explanation: Tomato (Solanaceae) develops into a berry.
Q78. In sunflower, the ovary is:
A) Superior
B) Inferior ✅
C) Half-inferior
D) None
Explanation: Asteraceae (sunflower) has epigynous flowers with inferior ovary.
Q79. The edible part of wheat grain is:
A) Pericarp
B) Endosperm ✅
C) Cotyledon
D) Aleurone
Explanation: Wheat (caryopsis) edible part is endosperm rich in starch.
Q80. The edible part of mango is:
A) Epicarp
B) Endocarp
C) Mesocarp ✅
D) Pericarp
Explanation: In mango drupe, the fleshy edible part is mesocarp.
Q81. The edible part of coconut water is:
A) Mesocarp
B) Endosperm (liquid) ✅
C) Cotyledon
D) Thalamus
Explanation: Coconut water is the free nuclear liquid endosperm.
Q82. The edible part of coconut kernel is:
A) Mesocarp
B) Cotyledon
C) Endosperm (solid) ✅
D) Thalamus
Explanation: Coconut kernel (copra) is the solid endosperm.
Q83. The leaf base swollen into a pulvinus is seen in:
A) Rice
B) Maize
C) Pea ✅
D) Wheat
Explanation: Pea and legumes have a pulvinus (swollen leaf base).
Q84. Phylloclade is seen in:
A) Opuntia ✅
B) Mustard
C) Pea
D) Mint
Explanation: Opuntia has flattened green phylloclades for photosynthesis.
Q85. Cladode is a:
A) Modified root
B) Stem modification ✅
C) Leaf modification
D) Inflorescence
Explanation: Cladode is a stem modification (e.g., Asparagus).
Q86. In banana, the type of stem is:
A) Rhizome ✅
B) Bulb
C) Tuber
D) Corm
Explanation: Banana has an underground rhizome stem.
Q87. The floral formula of pea is:
A) ✶ K(5) C(5) A5 G1
B) % K(5) C1+2+(2) A(9)+1 G1 ✅
C) ✶ K(2+2) C4 A2+4 G(2)
D) Z K(3) C(3) A3 G(3)
Explanation: Pea (Fabaceae) floral formula: % K(5) C1+2+(2) A(9)+1 G1.
Q88. Which family has a gamosepalous calyx?
A) Fabaceae
B) Solanaceae ✅
C) Liliaceae
D) Brassicaceae
Explanation: Solanaceae (brinjal, tomato) has gamosepalous calyx.
Q89. The floral formula ✶ K(5) C(5) A(5) G(2) represents:
A) Solanaceae ✅
B) Brassicaceae
C) Fabaceae
D) Asteraceae
Explanation: Solanaceae floral formula is: ✶ K(5) C(5) A(5) G(2).
Q90. The floral formula of lily is:
A) ✶ P3+3 A3+3 G(3) ✅
B) ✶ K(5) C(5) A(5) G(2)
C) % K(5) C1+2+(2) A(9)+1 G1
D) ✶ K(2+2) C4 A2+4 G(2)
Explanation: Lily (Liliaceae) floral formula: ✶ P3+3 A3+3 G(3).
Q91. The family Fabaceae shows which type of placentation?
A) Axile
B) Marginal ✅
C) Parietal
D) Free central
Explanation: Fabaceae (pea) has marginal placentation.
Q92. The seed of maize is:
A) Endospermic ✅
B) Non-endospermic
C) Dicot
D) Both B & C
Explanation: Maize (monocot) has an endospermic seed.
Q93. Perigynous condition is seen in:
A) Mustard
B) Plum ✅
C) Sunflower
D) Lily
Explanation: Plum flowers are perigynous (ovary half-inferior).
Q94. Epigynous condition is seen in:
A) Apple ✅
B) Mustard
C) Pea
D) China rose
Explanation: Apple flowers are epigynous with inferior ovary.
Q95. Hypogynous condition is seen in:
A) Mustard ✅
B) Apple
C) Plum
D) Sunflower
Explanation: Mustard flowers are hypogynous with superior ovary.
Q96. Gynoecium of China rose is:
A) Multicarpellary syncarpous ✅
B) Monocarpellary
C) Bicarpellary apocarpous
D) Multicarpellary apocarpous
Explanation: China rose has multicarpellary syncarpous gynoecium.
Q97. The family Brassicaceae has which type of fruit?
A) Drupe
B) Siliqua ✅
C) Legume
D) Berry
Explanation: Brassicaceae (mustard family) fruits are siliqua.
Q98. The family Solanaceae has which type of fruit?
A) Drupe or Berry ✅
B) Siliqua
C) Legume
D) Capsule
Explanation: Solanaceae (tomato, brinjal) fruits are berry or drupe.
Q99. Which family includes cereals and grasses?
A) Solanaceae
B) Liliaceae
C) Poaceae ✅
D) Brassicaceae
Explanation: Poaceae (Gramineae) includes wheat, rice, maize, grasses.
Q100. The floral formula ✶ P2+2 A3 G(1) belongs to:
A) Fabaceae
B) Poaceae ✅
C) Liliaceae
D) Asteraceae
Explanation: Poaceae (grasses) floral formula: ✶ P2+2 A3 G(1).
Morphology of flowering plants MCQs for NEET, Structural organisation in plants MCQs for CBSE board, NEET biology morphology of flowering plants questions with answers, Class 11 morphology of flowering plants MCQs with explanation, Morphology of flowering plants NEET important questions, CBSE biology morphology chapter wise MCQs, NEET solved morphology of flowering plants multiple choice questions, NCERT morphology of flowering plants MCQs for NEET and CBSE, Plant morphology NEET practice test with answers, Structural organisation in animals and plants objective questions for NEET preparation
