Control and Coordination – Very Short Answer Type Questions
Class 10
Biology — Chapter 6: Control and Coordination
50 Very Short Questions with Answers — NCERT-aligned for CBSE Class 10
CBSE Board Examinations — Systematic Order Provided
Quick recall Q&A for fast revision and MCQ practice.
Highlight: These Very Short Questions with Answers are designed strictly as per the NCERT syllabus, making them ideal for CBSE Class 10 board exams standard.
- Q1. What is a neuron?A: A neuron is a nerve cell that transmits nerve impulses.
- Q2. Name the three main parts of a neuron.A: Dendrites, cell body (soma) and axon.
- Q3. What is a synapse?A: Synapse is the junction between two neurons where chemical transmission occurs.
- Q4. Which ion influx causes depolarisation during an action potential?A: Sodium ion (Na+) influx.
- Q5. What is the role of myelin sheath?A: Myelin sheath insulates axon and speeds up nerve conduction.
- Q6. Define reflex action.A: A reflex action is an automatic, rapid response to a stimulus without conscious thought.
- Q7. What is a reflex arc?A: The neural pathway that mediates a reflex, typically receptor → sensory neuron → interneuron → motor neuron → effector.
- Q8. Where is the medulla oblongata located?A: In the brainstem (lower part of the brain).
- Q9. Name the part of brain responsible for balance and coordination.A: Cerebellum.
- Q10. Which gland is called the master gland?A: Pituitary gland.
- Q11. Which hormone lowers blood glucose level?A: Insulin (from pancreatic β-cells).
- Q12. Which gland secretes thyroxine?A: Thyroid gland.
- Q13. Give one function of adrenaline.A: Prepares body for fight-or-flight — increases heart rate and blood glucose.
- Q14. What is homeostasis?A: Maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body.
- Q15. Name two types of plant hormones.A: Auxins and gibberellins (also cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene).
- Q16. What is phototropism?A: Growth of plant parts towards or away from light, mediated by auxin distribution.
- Q17. Which cells detect light in the retina?A: Rods (low light) and cones (colour and bright light).
- Q18. What does the cochlea do?A: Converts sound vibrations into nerve impulses (hearing).
- Q19. What is the function of the iris?A: Controls pupil size and regulates amount of light entering the eye.
- Q20. Which part of neuron releases neurotransmitters?A: Axon terminals (synaptic knobs).
- Q21. Define neurotransmitter.A: Chemical messenger released at synapse to transmit signals between neurons.
- Q22. What is saltatory conduction?A: Rapid impulse conduction in myelinated axons by jumping between nodes of Ranvier.
- Q23. Name a hormone that causes stomatal closure in plants.A: Abscisic acid (ABA).
- Q24. What is the role of the hypothalamus?A: Regulates homeostasis and links nervous and endocrine systems.
- Q25. Where are photoreceptors located?A: In the retina of the eye.
- Q26. What is the role of the adrenal medulla?A: Secretes adrenaline (epinephrine) involved in stress response.
- Q27. Which hormone stimulates seed germination?A: Gibberellins.
- Q28. What is a sensory receptor?A: A cell or organ that detects a specific type of stimulus (e.g., touch, light).
- Q29. Name the fluid that bathes brain and spinal cord.A: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
- Q30. Which gland produces growth hormone?A: Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis).
- Q31. What is the function of the cochlear hair cells?A: They convert mechanical vibrations into electrical signals for hearing.
- Q32. Name the muscle that controls lens shape.A: Ciliary muscle (for accommodation).
- Q33. What is the main function of insulin?A: Lowers blood glucose by promoting uptake and glycogen formation.
- Q34. Define tropism.A: Directional growth response of a plant to an external stimulus.
- Q35. Which gland secretes parathormone?A: Parathyroid glands (regulates blood calcium).
- Q36. What is the role of insulin and glucagon together?A: Maintain blood glucose homeostasis (insulin lowers, glucagon raises glucose).
- Q37. Name one autonomic function controlled by medulla oblongata.A: Regulation of heartbeat or respiration.
- Q38. What is meant by target organ of a hormone?A: The specific tissue or organ that responds to a hormone due to presence of receptors.
- Q39. Which hormone is responsible for the fight-or-flight response?A: Adrenaline (epinephrine).
- Q40. What causes photoreceptor activation?A: Absorption of light by photopigments in rods and cones.
- Q41. Name a plant response to gravity.A: Gravitropism (roots grow downward; shoots upward).
- Q42. Where is the auditory receptor located?A: In the organ of Corti inside the cochlea.
- Q43. What is the role of thyroid hormone thyroxine?A: Regulates metabolic rate, growth and development.
- Q44. What is endocrine gland?A: A gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream.
- Q45. Name the pigment in photoreceptor cells.A: Rhodopsin (in rods) and photopsins (in cones).
- Q46. What is the role of cytokinins?A: Promote cell division and delay leaf senescence in plants.
- Q47. Which part of brain controls voluntary actions?A: Cerebrum (cerebral cortex).
- Q48. What is a hormone receptor?A: A protein on target cells that binds a specific hormone to trigger a response.
- Q49. Give one example of a chemical messenger in plants.A: Auxin (e.g., indole-3-acetic acid).
- Q50. What is the function of the Eustachian tube?A: Equalises pressure between middle ear and atmospheric pressure.