MCQs on Anatomy of Flowering Plants – CBSE Class 11 Biology
MCQs on Anatomy of Flowering Plants – CBSE Class 11 Biology (Unit II | NCERT-Based)
CBSE Class 11 Biology – MCQs with Answers and Explanations
Unit II: Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants
Topic: Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Section A: Plant Tissues (Q1–Q10)
Q1. Which tissue is responsible for the increase in length of roots and shoots?
A. Lateral meristem
B. Apical meristem
C. Intercalary meristem
D. Permanent tissue
Answer: B
Explanation: Apical meristems are present at the tips of roots and shoots and are responsible for primary growth (increase in length).
Q2. Intercalary meristem is commonly found in:
A. Dicot stems
B. Roots of legumes
C. Internodes of grasses
D. Cambium region
Answer: C
Explanation: Intercalary meristems occur at the base of internodes, especially in grasses, allowing rapid regrowth.
Q3. Which of the following is a simple permanent tissue?
A. Xylem
B. Phloem
C. Collenchyma
D. Cambium
Answer: C
Explanation: Collenchyma is a simple permanent tissue composed of similar cells providing flexibility.
Q4. Cells with unevenly thickened cell walls at the corners belong to:
A. Parenchyma
B. Collenchyma
C. Sclerenchyma
D. Xylem
Answer: B
Explanation: Collenchyma cells show uneven thickening at corners, giving mechanical support.
Q5. Dead cells with thick lignified walls form:
A. Parenchyma
B. Collenchyma
C. Sclerenchyma
D. Phloem
Answer: C
Explanation: Sclerenchyma cells are dead, lignified, and provide mechanical strength.
Q6. Which tissue helps in storage and photosynthesis?
A. Collenchyma
B. Parenchyma
C. Sclerenchyma
D. Xylem
Answer: B
Explanation: Parenchyma cells store food and, when chlorophyll is present, perform photosynthesis.
Q7. Vascular tissues are classified as:
A. Simple tissues
B. Meristematic tissues
C. Complex tissues
D. Protective tissues
Answer: C
Explanation: Xylem and phloem are complex tissues made of more than one type of cell.
Q8. Which element of xylem is living?
A. Tracheids
B. Vessels
C. Xylem fibres
D. Xylem parenchyma
Answer: D
Explanation: Xylem parenchyma is the only living component of xylem.
Q9. Phloem transports:
A. Water
B. Minerals
C. Food
D. Hormones
Answer: C
Explanation: Phloem is responsible for translocation of food (mainly sugars).
Q10. Which phloem element lacks a nucleus at maturity?
A. Companion cell
B. Sieve tube element
C. Phloem fibre
D. Phloem parenchyma
Answer: B
Explanation: Sieve tube elements are living but lack a nucleus at maturity.
Section B: Anatomy of Dicot and Monocot Roots (Q11–Q20)
Q11. In dicot roots, the number of xylem bundles is usually:
A. Two
B. Four
C. Six
D. More than six
Answer: B
Explanation: Dicot roots are typically tetrarch, having four xylem bundles.
Q12. The outermost layer of the root is:
A. Cortex
B. Endodermis
C. Pericycle
D. Epidermis
Answer: D
Explanation: Epidermis (epiblema) is the outer protective layer of roots.
Q13. Passage cells are found in:
A. Cortex
B. Endodermis
C. Pericycle
D. Pith
Answer: B
Explanation: Passage cells are thin-walled endodermal cells that allow water movement.
Q14. Which layer gives rise to lateral roots?
A. Cortex
B. Endodermis
C. Pericycle
D. Cambium
Answer: C
Explanation: Pericycle is the site of lateral root origin.
Q15. Pith is well developed in:
A. Dicot root
B. Monocot root
C. Dicot stem
D. Secondary stem
Answer: B
Explanation: Monocot roots have a large and well-developed pith.
Q16. Xylem and phloem in roots are arranged in a:
A. Conjoint manner
B. Collateral manner
C. Radial manner
D. Bicollateral manner
Answer: C
Explanation: In roots, xylem and phloem are arranged alternately in a radial pattern.
Q17. The endodermis is characterized by:
A. Lignified cells
B. Casparian strips
C. Intercellular spaces
D. Chloroplasts
Answer: B
Explanation: Endodermal cells possess Casparian strips made of suberin.
Q18. Monocot roots usually show how many xylem bundles?
A. Two
B. Four
C. Six
D. More than six
Answer: D
Explanation: Monocot roots are polyarch, having many xylem bundles.
Q19. Cambium is absent in:
A. Dicot root
B. Dicot stem
C. Monocot root
D. Secondary stem
Answer: C
Explanation: Monocot roots lack cambium, so secondary growth is absent.
Q20. Which tissue lies just inside the endodermis?
A. Cortex
B. Pith
C. Pericycle
D. Phloem
Answer: C
Explanation: Pericycle lies immediately inside the endodermis.
Section C: Anatomy of Dicot and Monocot Stems (Q21–Q35)
Q21. Vascular bundles in dicot stem are:
A. Scattered
B. Radial
C. Closed
D. Open and arranged in a ring
Answer: D
Explanation: Dicot stems have open vascular bundles arranged in a ring.
Q22. Vascular bundles in monocot stem are:
A. Open
B. Closed
C. Radial
D. Cambial
Answer: B
Explanation: Monocot stems have closed vascular bundles (no cambium).
Q23. Hypodermis in dicot stem is made of:
A. Parenchyma
B. Collenchyma
C. Sclerenchyma
D. Chlorenchyma
Answer: B
Explanation: Dicot stem hypodermis consists of collenchyma for support.
Q24. Hypodermis in monocot stem is:
A. Parenchymatous
B. Collenchymatous
C. Sclerenchymatous
D. Meristematic
Answer: C
Explanation: Monocot stem hypodermis is sclerenchymatous.
Q25. Pith in dicot stem is:
A. Absent
B. Poorly developed
C. Well developed
D. Lignified
Answer: C
Explanation: Dicot stems have a large, well-defined pith.
Q26. Ground tissue in monocot stem is:
A. Differentiated
B. Undifferentiated
C. Meristematic
D. Cambial
Answer: B
Explanation: Monocot stems show undifferentiated ground tissue.
Q27. Which vascular bundle type is found in dicot stem?
A. Radial
B. Conjoint collateral open
C. Bicollateral closed
D. Scattered
Answer: B
Explanation: Dicot stems have conjoint, collateral, open vascular bundles.
Q28. Protoxylem lacuna is a characteristic feature of:
A. Dicot root
B. Dicot stem
C. Monocot stem
D. Monocot root
Answer: C
Explanation: Protoxylem lacuna forms due to disintegration of protoxylem in monocot stems.
Q29. Which tissue provides mechanical support in monocot stem?
A. Parenchyma
B. Collenchyma
C. Sclerenchyma
D. Cambium
Answer: C
Explanation: Sclerenchyma provides rigidity and strength in monocot stems.
Q30. Secondary growth is absent in monocot stems because of absence of:
A. Xylem
B. Phloem
C. Cambium
D. Cortex
Answer: C
Explanation: Lack of vascular cambium prevents secondary growth.
Q31. Medullary rays are composed of:
A. Sclerenchyma
B. Collenchyma
C. Parenchyma
D. Cambium
Answer: C
Explanation: Medullary rays are parenchymatous and help in radial transport.
Q32. The vascular cambium produces:
A. Cortex
B. Secondary xylem and phloem
C. Pith
D. Epidermis
Answer: B
Explanation: Vascular cambium forms secondary xylem (inside) and secondary phloem (outside).
Q33. Bundle sheath in monocot stem is composed of:
A. Parenchyma
B. Collenchyma
C. Sclerenchyma
D. Cambium
Answer: C
Explanation: Bundle sheath is sclerenchymatous, protecting vascular bundles.
Q34. Which layer lies between cortex and vascular bundles in dicot stem?
A. Endodermis
B. Hypodermis
C. Epidermis
D. Pith
Answer: A
Explanation: Endodermis separates cortex from vascular tissue.
Q35. The innermost layer of cortex is called:
A. Hypodermis
B. Endodermis
C. Pericycle
D. Pith
Answer: B
Explanation: Endodermis is the innermost cortical layer.
Section D: Anatomy of Leaf (Q36–Q50)
Q36. Dorsiventral leaves are typical of:
A. Monocots
B. Dicots
C. Gymnosperms
D. Hydrophytes
Answer: B
Explanation: Dicot leaves are dorsiventral, having distinct upper and lower surfaces.
Q37. Isobilateral leaves are found in:
A. Dicots
B. Legumes
C. Monocots
D. Shrubs
Answer: C
Explanation: Monocot leaves are isobilateral, with similar upper and lower surfaces.
Q38. Palisade parenchyma is rich in:
A. Starch grains
B. Vacuoles
C. Chloroplasts
D. Intercellular spaces
Answer: C
Explanation: Palisade cells contain many chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
Q39. Spongy parenchyma is characterized by:
A. Compact cells
B. No chloroplasts
C. Large intercellular spaces
D. Thick cell walls
Answer: C
Explanation: Spongy parenchyma has large air spaces for gaseous exchange.
Q40. Upper epidermis of dicot leaf usually lacks:
A. Cuticle
B. Stomata
C. Epidermal cells
D. Guard cells
Answer: B
Explanation: Stomata are mostly present on the lower epidermis.
Q41. Bulliform cells are found in:
A. Dicot leaves
B. Monocot leaves
C. Roots
D. Stems
Answer: B
Explanation: Bulliform cells help in leaf rolling during water stress in monocots.
Q42. Vascular bundles in leaves are:
A. Radial
B. Open
C. Closed
D. Scattered
Answer: C
Explanation: Leaf vascular bundles are closed and lack cambium.
Q43. Xylem in leaf vascular bundle is oriented towards:
A. Lower epidermis
B. Upper epidermis
C. Cortex
D. Mesophyll
Answer: B
Explanation: Xylem lies towards the adaxial (upper) surface.
Q44. Phloem in leaf vascular bundle is oriented towards:
A. Upper epidermis
B. Cortex
C. Lower epidermis
D. Midrib
Answer: C
Explanation: Phloem is located towards the abaxial (lower) surface.
Q45. Cuticle is mainly composed of:
A. Lignin
B. Cellulose
C. Cutin
D. Suberin
Answer: C
Explanation: Cuticle contains cutin, reducing water loss.
Q46. Stomatal opening and closing is regulated by:
A. Epidermal cells
B. Mesophyll cells
C. Guard cells
D. Subsidiary cells
Answer: C
Explanation: Guard cells control stomatal movement.
Q47. Mesophyll tissue is absent in:
A. Dicot leaf
B. Monocot leaf
C. Dorsiventral leaf
D. Isobilateral leaf
Answer: B
Explanation: Monocot leaves lack distinct mesophyll differentiation.
Q48. Which tissue helps in gaseous exchange in leaves?
A. Palisade tissue
B. Xylem
C. Spongy parenchyma
D. Epidermis
Answer: C
Explanation: Spongy parenchyma facilitates gas diffusion.
Q49. Midrib is composed mainly of:
A. Parenchyma only
B. Vascular tissue
C. Sclerenchyma only
D. Collenchyma only
Answer: B
Explanation: Midrib contains xylem and phloem for conduction.
Q50. Which feature distinguishes dicot leaf from monocot leaf anatomically?
A. Presence of cuticle
B. Presence of stomata
C. Dorsiventral nature
D. Vascular tissue
Answer: C
Explanation: Dicot leaves are dorsiventral, unlike monocot isobilateral leaves.