MCQs on Neural Control and Coordination – NCERT Biology

MCQs on Neural Control and Coordination – CBSE Class 11 Biology (Unit V | NCERT-Based)

CBSE Class 11 Biology – MCQs with Answers and Explanations

Unit V: Human Physiology

Topic: Neural Control and Coordination

Section A: Nervous System – Basic Concepts (Q1–Q10)

Q1. Neural control in humans is carried out by:

A. Endocrine system only
B. Nervous system only
C. Nervous and endocrine systems
D. Muscular system

Answer: C
Explanation: Coordination in humans is achieved through nervous (fast) and endocrine (slow) systems.

Q2. The structural and functional unit of nervous system is:

A. Neuroglia
B. Neuron
C. Synapse
D. Axon

Answer: B
Explanation: Neurons transmit electrical impulses throughout the body.

Q3. Which part of neuron receives impulses?

A. Axon
B. Cell body
C. Dendrites
D. Synapse

Answer: C
Explanation: Dendrites receive impulses and transmit them to the cell body.

Q4. The long process of a neuron is called:

A. Dendrite
B. Axon
C. Cyton
D. Synapse

Answer: B
Explanation: Axon conducts impulses away from the cell body.

Q5. Myelin sheath is formed by:

A. Dendrites
B. Neuroglia
C. Schwann cells
D. Synaptic knobs

Answer: C
Explanation: Schwann cells form myelin sheath in peripheral nerves.

Q6. Myelin sheath increases speed of impulse conduction by:

A. Increasing resistance
B. Decreasing capacitance
C. Preventing ion leakage
D. All of the above

Answer: D
Explanation: Myelination enables saltatory conduction, increasing speed.

Q7. Gaps between myelin sheaths are called:

A. Synapses
B. Nodes of Ranvier
C. Dendritic spines
D. Schwann gaps

Answer: B
Explanation: Impulses jump from one node to another, speeding transmission.

Q8. Nerve fibers without myelin sheath are called:

A. White fibers
B. Medullated fibers
C. Non-medullated fibers
D. Schwann fibers

Answer: C
Explanation: Non-medullated fibers conduct impulses more slowly.

Q9. Which ion plays major role in action potential generation?

A. Potassium
B. Calcium
C. Sodium
D. Chloride

Answer: C
Explanation: Sodium influx causes depolarization.

Q10. Resting potential of neuron membrane is about:

A. +70 mV
B. –70 mV
C. –30 mV
D. 0 mV

Answer: B
Explanation: Resting membrane potential is –70 mV.

Section B: Central Nervous System (Q11–Q20)

Q11. Human brain is protected by:

A. Vertebral column
B. Cranium
C. Sternum
D. Ribs

Answer: B
Explanation: Brain is enclosed within the cranium.

Q12. Which part of brain controls voluntary actions?

A. Medulla
B. Cerebellum
C. Cerebrum
D. Pons

Answer: C
Explanation: Cerebrum controls thinking, memory, and voluntary actions.

Q13. The largest part of human brain is:

A. Cerebellum
B. Cerebrum
C. Medulla oblongata
D. Pons

Answer: B
Explanation: Cerebrum makes up about 80% of brain volume.

Q14. Cerebellum is mainly concerned with:

A. Intelligence
B. Balance and posture
C. Heartbeat
D. Breathing

Answer: B
Explanation: Cerebellum coordinates muscle movements and balance.

Q15. Which part of brain regulates breathing and heartbeat?

A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
C. Medulla oblongata
D. Hypothalamus

Answer: C
Explanation: Medulla contains vital reflex centers.

Q16. Brain stem includes:

A. Cerebrum and cerebellum
B. Midbrain, pons, medulla
C. Thalamus and hypothalamus
D. Cerebellum only

Answer: B
Explanation: Brain stem connects brain with spinal cord.

Q17. Hypothalamus regulates:

A. Body temperature and hunger
B. Memory
C. Balance
D. Vision

Answer: A
Explanation: Hypothalamus maintains homeostasis.

Q18. Cerebrospinal fluid protects brain by:

A. Providing nutrients only
B. Acting as shock absorber
C. Transmitting impulses
D. Producing hormones

Answer: B
Explanation: CSF cushions brain from mechanical shocks.

Q19. Grey matter consists mainly of:

A. Myelinated axons
B. Unmyelinated axons and cell bodies
C. Only dendrites
D. Schwann cells

Answer: B
Explanation: Grey matter contains neuron cell bodies.

Q20. White matter contains mainly:

A. Neuron cell bodies
B. Myelinated nerve fibers
C. Synapses
D. Dendrites

Answer: B
Explanation: Myelinated axons give white appearance.

Section C: Peripheral Nervous System & Reflex Action (Q21–Q35)

Q21. Peripheral nervous system includes:

A. Brain only
B. Spinal cord only
C. Cranial and spinal nerves
D. Autonomic nerves only

Answer: C
Explanation: PNS connects CNS to body organs.

Q22. Number of pairs of cranial nerves is:

A. 10
B. 12
C. 31
D. 33

Answer: B
Explanation: Humans have 12 pairs of cranial nerves.

Q23. Number of pairs of spinal nerves is:

A. 12
B. 24
C. 31
D. 33

Answer: C
Explanation: Humans possess 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

Q24. Reflex action is controlled by:

A. Brain
B. Cerebellum
C. Spinal cord
D. Hypothalamus

Answer: C
Explanation: Reflexes provide quick response without brain involvement.

Q25. Path followed by nerve impulse during reflex action is called:

A. Neural pathway
B. Reflex arc
C. Synapse
D. Impulse chain

Answer: B
Explanation: Reflex arc ensures rapid response.

Q26. Which neuron carries impulse from receptor to CNS?

A. Motor neuron
B. Sensory neuron
C. Interneuron
D. Relay neuron

Answer: B
Explanation: Sensory neurons carry afferent impulses.

Q27. Which neuron carries impulse from CNS to effector?

A. Sensory neuron
B. Interneuron
C. Motor neuron
D. Association neuron

Answer: C
Explanation: Motor neurons carry efferent impulses.

Q28. Interneurons are located in:

A. Peripheral nerves
B. Brain and spinal cord
C. Sense organs
D. Muscles

Answer: B
Explanation: Interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons in CNS.

Q29. Effector organs in reflex action are:

A. Receptors
B. Sensory neurons
C. Muscles or glands
D. Brain

Answer: C
Explanation: Effectors perform the response.

Q30. Reflex actions are:

A. Voluntary
B. Slow
C. Involuntary and quick
D. Learned

Answer: C
Explanation: Reflexes protect body from sudden harm.

Q31. Withdrawal of hand from hot object is an example of:

A. Learned behavior
B. Voluntary action
C. Reflex action
D. Hormonal response

Answer: C
Explanation: This is a spinal reflex.

Q32. Which part of spinal cord shows H-shaped grey matter?

A. Cervical region
B. Thoracic region
C. Lumbar region
D. All regions

Answer: D
Explanation: Grey matter appears H-shaped throughout spinal cord.

Q33. Which neuron has cell body in dorsal root ganglion?

A. Motor neuron
B. Interneuron
C. Sensory neuron
D. Autonomic neuron

Answer: C
Explanation: Sensory neuron cell bodies lie in dorsal root ganglia.

Q34. Synapse is a junction between:

A. Two axons
B. Neuron and muscle
C. Two neurons
D. Neuron and gland only

Answer: C
Explanation: Synapse allows signal transmission between neurons.

Q35. Chemical transmission at synapse involves release of:

A. Hormones
B. Enzymes
C. Neurotransmitters
D. Ions

Answer: C
Explanation: Neurotransmitters transfer signals across synapse.

Section D: Autonomic Nervous System & Disorders (Q36–Q50)

Q36. Autonomic nervous system controls:

A. Voluntary muscles
B. Skeletal muscles
C. Involuntary activities
D. Reflexes only

Answer: C
Explanation: ANS regulates visceral functions.

Q37. Autonomic nervous system has divisions:

A. Central and peripheral
B. Cranial and spinal
C. Sympathetic and parasympathetic
D. Motor and sensory

Answer: C
Explanation: These divisions show opposite effects.

Q38. Sympathetic nervous system prepares body for:

A. Rest and digestion
B. Fight or flight
C. Sleep
D. Growth

Answer: B
Explanation: Sympathetic system increases alertness and energy.

Q39. Parasympathetic nervous system promotes:

A. Increased heart rate
B. Pupillary dilation
C. Digestion and relaxation
D. Stress response

Answer: C
Explanation: Parasympathetic system conserves energy.

Q40. Neurotransmitter released by sympathetic postganglionic neurons is:

A. Acetylcholine
B. Dopamine
C. Noradrenaline
D. Serotonin

Answer: C
Explanation: Noradrenaline mediates sympathetic responses.

Q41. Neurotransmitter released by parasympathetic neurons is:

A. Adrenaline
B. Acetylcholine
C. Dopamine
D. GABA

Answer: B
Explanation: Acetylcholine mediates parasympathetic effects.

Q42. Parkinson’s disease is caused due to deficiency of:

A. Acetylcholine
B. Dopamine
C. Serotonin
D. GABA

Answer: B
Explanation: Dopamine deficiency affects motor control.

Q43. Alzheimer’s disease mainly affects:

A. Memory and cognition
B. Muscle strength
C. Breathing
D. Reflexes

Answer: A
Explanation: Alzheimer’s causes progressive memory loss.

Q44. Epilepsy is characterized by:

A. Continuous muscle contraction
B. Abnormal electrical activity in brain
C. Hormonal imbalance
D. Loss of blood supply

Answer: B
Explanation: Epilepsy involves sudden neuronal discharges.

Q45. Synaptic delay occurs because:

A. Ions move slowly
B. Neurotransmitters must be released and bind
C. Axons are long
D. Myelin is absent

Answer: B
Explanation: Chemical synapse causes time lag.

Q46. Speed of nerve impulse is highest in:

A. Non-myelinated fibers
B. Thin fibers
C. Thick myelinated fibers
D. Dendrites

Answer: C
Explanation: Myelination and larger diameter increase speed.

Q47. Which structure maintains ionic gradient in neuron membrane?

A. Sodium pump
B. Potassium pump
C. Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase
D. Calcium channel

Answer: C
Explanation: Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase maintains resting potential.

Q48. Learning and memory are mainly associated with: