MCQs on Morphology of Flowering Plants – CBSE Class 11 Biology (Unit II | NCERT-Based Practice Questions)

CBSE Class 11 Biology – MCQs with Answers and Explanations

Unit II: Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants

Topic: Morphology of Flowering Plants

Section A: Root System (Q1–Q10)

Q1. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a tap root system?

A. Presence of fibrous roots
B. Origin from the radicle
C. Adventitious origin
D. Absence of lateral branches

Answer: B
Explanation: A tap root system develops directly from the radicle of the embryo and gives rise to secondary and tertiary roots, common in dicot plants.

Q2. Fibrous root system is commonly found in:

A. Mustard
B. Pea
C. Wheat
D. Gram

Answer: C
Explanation: Fibrous roots arise from the base of the stem and are typical of monocot plants like wheat and rice.

Q3. Pneumatophores are mainly associated with plants growing in:

A. Desert soils
B. Saline marshes
C. Rocky regions
D. Alpine areas

Answer: B
Explanation: Pneumatophores are respiratory roots found in mangrove plants growing in waterlogged, saline soils to facilitate gaseous exchange.

Q4. Which modification of roots stores food?

A. Prop roots
B. Stilt roots
C. Tuberous roots
D. Climbing roots

Answer: C
Explanation: Tuberous roots, such as in sweet potato, are modified for storage of food.

Q5. Nodulated roots in leguminous plants help in:

A. Absorption of water
B. Mechanical support
C. Nitrogen fixation
D. Storage of starch

Answer: C
Explanation: Root nodules contain Rhizobium bacteria, which fix atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms.

Q6. Which root modification provides mechanical support to banyan trees?

A. Buttress roots
B. Prop roots
C. Stilt roots
D. Haustorial roots

Answer: B
Explanation: Prop roots grow from branches and enter the soil, providing strong mechanical support.

Q7. Stilt roots are commonly seen in:

A. Maize
B. Banyan
C. Pea
D. Carrot

Answer: A
Explanation: Stilt roots arise from lower nodes of the stem and support plants like maize and sugarcane.

Q8. Haustorial roots are meant for:

A. Respiration
B. Storage
C. Parasitic absorption
D. Anchorage

Answer: C
Explanation: Haustorial roots penetrate host tissues to absorb nutrients in parasitic plants like Cuscuta.

Q9. Which root modification is seen in mangrove plants?

A. Prop roots
B. Stilt roots
C. Pneumatophores
D. Tuberous roots

Answer: C
Explanation: Pneumatophores grow vertically upward to obtain oxygen in waterlogged soils.

Q10. The main function of root hairs is:

A. Storage
B. Conduction
C. Absorption of water
D. Anchorage

Answer: C
Explanation: Root hairs increase surface area for absorption of water and minerals.

Section B: Stem and Its Modifications (Q11–Q20)

Q11. The stem develops from which part of the embryo?

A. Radicle
B. Plumule
C. Cotyledon
D. Hypocotyl

Answer: B
Explanation: The plumule gives rise to the stem and leaves.

Q12. Which of the following is a modified underground stem?

A. Sweet potato
B. Carrot
C. Potato
D. Radish

Answer: C
Explanation: Potato is a stem tuber, identified by the presence of nodes and internodes.

Q13. The eyes of potato represent:

A. Roots
B. Adventitious buds
C. Nodes with axillary buds
D. Leaf scars

Answer: C
Explanation: Each eye is a node bearing an axillary bud, confirming its stem nature.

Q14. Which stem modification helps in vegetative propagation?

A. Tendril
B. Thorn
C. Runner
D. Spine

Answer: C
Explanation: Runners spread horizontally and produce new plants, aiding vegetative reproduction.

Q15. Tendrils in plants like cucumber arise from:

A. Roots
B. Leaves
C. Stem
D. Flowers

Answer: C
Explanation: Stem tendrils help the plant climb and gain support.

Q16. Thorns are modified:

A. Roots
B. Leaves
C. Stems
D. Flowers

Answer: C
Explanation: Thorns arise from axillary buds and provide protection against herbivores.

Q17. Rhizome is an underground stem found in:

A. Onion
B. Ginger
C. Potato
D. Colocasia

Answer: B
Explanation: Ginger has a horizontal underground stem with nodes and internodes.

Q18. Which stem modification stores food and survives unfavorable conditions?

A. Cladode
B. Bulb
C. Tendril
D. Spine

Answer: B
Explanation: Bulbs like onion store food and help plants perennate.

Q19. Cladodes are mainly meant for:

A. Protection
B. Photosynthesis
C. Support
D. Reproduction

Answer: B
Explanation: In plants like Opuntia, cladodes replace leaves and perform photosynthesis.

Q20. Which plant shows phylloclade?

A. Potato
B. Onion
C. Opuntia
D. Ginger

Answer: C
Explanation: In Opuntia, the flattened green stem performs photosynthesis.

Section C: Leaf Morphology (Q21–Q30)

Q21. Leaf arises from:

A. Radicle
B. Node
C. Internode
D. Root apex

Answer: B
Explanation: Leaves originate from nodes of the stem.

Q22. The main function of leaves is:

A. Absorption
B. Respiration
C. Photosynthesis
D. Storage

Answer: C
Explanation: Leaves are the primary photosynthetic organs.

Q23. Which type of venation is found in dicot leaves?

A. Parallel
B. Reticulate
C. Dichotomous
D. Circular

Answer: B
Explanation: Dicots show reticulate venation with a network of veins.

Q24. Parallel venation is characteristic of:

A. Pea
B. Mustard
C. Wheat
D. Sunflower

Answer: C
Explanation: Parallel venation is typical of monocots like wheat.

Q25. A leaf with a single lamina is called:

A. Compound leaf
B. Simple leaf
C. Pinnate leaf
D. Palmate leaf

Answer: B
Explanation: A simple leaf has an undivided lamina.

Q26. In a compound leaf, leaflets are attached to:

A. Stem
B. Node
C. Petiole
D. Rachis

Answer: D
Explanation: In pinnately compound leaves, leaflets attach to the rachis.

Q27. Which leaf modification helps in climbing?

A. Spine
B. Tendril
C. Scale leaf
D. Phyllode

Answer: B
Explanation: Leaf tendrils provide support for climbing plants.

Q28. Spines in cactus are modified:

A. Roots
B. Stems
C. Leaves
D. Flowers

Answer: C
Explanation: Leaves are modified into spines to reduce water loss.

Q29. Which modification stores food?

A. Phyllode
B. Scale leaf
C. Tendril
D. Spine

Answer: B
Explanation: Scale leaves in onion store reserve food.

Q30. Phyllode is a modification of:

A. Lamina
B. Petiole
C. Stipule
D. Rachis

Answer: B
Explanation: In phyllode, the petiole becomes flattened and performs photosynthesis.

Section D: Inflorescence, Flower, Fruit & Seed (Q31–Q50)

Q31. Arrangement of flowers on the floral axis is called:

A. Aestivation
B. Placentation
C. Inflorescence
D. Vernation

Answer: C
Explanation: Inflorescence refers to flower arrangement on the axis.

Q32. Racemose inflorescence shows:

A. Definite growth
B. Terminal flower
C. Indefinite growth
D. No peduncle

Answer: C
Explanation: In racemose inflorescence, the main axis grows continuously.

Q33. Cymose inflorescence is characterized by:

A. Indefinite growth
B. Terminal flower
C. No branching
D. No pedicel

Answer: B
Explanation: The main axis ends in a terminal flower, showing definite growth.

Q34. The outermost whorl of a flower is:

A. Corolla
B. Calyx
C. Androecium
D. Gynoecium

Answer: B
Explanation: Calyx consists of sepals and protects the flower bud.

Q35. A flower with all four whorls is called:

A. Incomplete
B. Bisexual
C. Complete
D. Actinomorphic

Answer: C
Explanation: A complete flower has calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium.

Q36. A flower that can be divided into two equal halves in any plane is:

A. Zygomorphic
B. Asymmetric
C. Actinomorphic
D. Unisexual

Answer: C
Explanation: Actinomorphic flowers show radial symmetry.

Q37. Presence of both androecium and gynoecium indicates:

A. Unisexual flower
B. Bisexual flower
C. Neuter flower
D. Incomplete flower

Answer: B
Explanation: Bisexual flowers contain both male and female reproductive organs.

Q38. Fusion of sepals is called:

A. Polysepalous
B. Gamosepalous
C. Polypetalous
D. Gamopetalous

Answer: B
Explanation: Gamosepalous condition means sepals are fused.

Q39. The arrangement of ovules within the ovary is known as:

A. Aestivation
B. Placentation
C. Vernation
D. Pollination

Answer: B
Explanation: Placentation refers to ovule arrangement in ovary.

Q40. Marginal placentation is seen in:

A. Sunflower
B. Mustard
C. Pea
D. Tomato

Answer: C
Explanation: In pea, ovules are arranged along the ventral suture.

Q41. The edible part of mango is:

A. Endocarp
B. Mesocarp
C. Epicarp
D. Seed coat

Answer: B
Explanation: The fleshy mesocarp is the edible portion.

Q42. A dry, one-seeded fruit that does not open at maturity is:

A. Capsule
B. Berry
C. Drupe
D. Achene

Answer: D
Explanation: Achene is a dry indehiscent fruit, e.g., sunflower.

Q43. Which fruit develops from a single flower with many ovaries?

A. Simple fruit
B. Aggregate fruit
C. Composite fruit
D. Parthenocarpic fruit

Answer: B
Explanation: Aggregate fruits develop from multicarpellary apocarpous flowers.

Q44. Coconut is classified as:

A. Berry
B. Drupe
C. Capsule
D. Nut

Answer: B
Explanation: Coconut is a drupe with fibrous mesocarp.

Q45. Which part of the seed protects the embryo?

A. Endosperm
B. Cotyledon
C. Seed coat
D. Plumule

Answer: C
Explanation: The seed coat provides protection against injury and desiccation.

Q46. A seed having two cotyledons is called:

A. Monocot
B. Dicot
C. Albuminous
D. Endospermic

Answer: B
Explanation: Dicot seeds possess two cotyledons.

Q47. Which tissue provides nourishment to the developing embryo?

A. Seed coat
B. Cotyledon
C. Endosperm
D. Plumule

Answer: C
Explanation: Endosperm stores and supplies nutrients to the embryo.

Q48. Hilum represents:

A. Pore in seed
B. Scar of attachment
C. Micropyle
D. Cotyledon

Answer: B
Explanation: Hilum is the point of attachment of seed to fruit wall.

Q49. The opening in the seed coat for water entry is:

A. Hilum
B. Chalaza
C. Micropyle
D. Funiculus

Answer: C
Explanation: Micropyle allows water absorption during germination.

Q50. Which structure gives rise to the shoot during germination?

A. Radicle
B. Cotyledon
C. Plumule
D. Hypocotyl

Answer: C
Explanation: The plumule develops into the shoot system.