Grassroots Democracy – Part 3: Local Government in Urban Area – MCQs

MCQs – Grassroots Democracy – Part 3: Local Government in Urban Area

Section 1 — Basics & Background (Q1–Q10)

Q1. Which Constitutional amendment gave recognition to urban local bodies?
A. 42nd Amendment
B. 73rd Amendment
C. 74th Amendment
D. 61st Amendment
Correct: C

A: Incorrect — 42nd Amendment is unrelated to municipal governance.
B: Incorrect — 73rd Amendment relates to rural local bodies (Panchayati Raj).
C: Correct — the 74th Amendment (1992) deals with urban local bodies.
D: Incorrect — 61st Amendment concerned voting age changes.

Q2. A Municipality (Nagar Palika) usually governs:
A. A large metropolitan city
B. A small village only
C. A medium-sized town or smaller city
D. A whole state
Correct: C

A: Incorrect — large metros have Municipal Corporations.
B: Incorrect — villages are governed by Panchayats, not municipalities.
C: Correct — municipalities manage medium towns and smaller cities.
D: Incorrect — states are governed by state governments.

Q3. A Nagar Panchayat is set up for areas that are:
A. Already metropolitan cities
B. Changing from rural to urban
C. Entirely rural and never urbanising
D. Only industrial zones
Correct: B

A: Incorrect — metropolises are Municipal Corporations.
B: Correct — Nagar Panchayats manage transitioning areas.
C: Incorrect — purely rural areas are under Gram Panchayats.
D: Incorrect — industrial zones are not the defining factor.

Q4. The political head of a Municipal Corporation is usually called the:
A. Sarpanch
B. Governor
C. Mayor
D. Collector
Correct: C

A: Incorrect — Sarpanch is a village head (Panchayat).
B: Incorrect — Governor is a state constitutional head.
C: Correct — large cities have Mayors as political heads.
D: Incorrect — Collector is a district administrative officer.

Q5. Who normally runs day-to-day municipal administration?
A. Mayor only
B. Municipal Commissioner or Chief Officer
C. Prime Minister
D. Councillors together without staff
Correct: B

A: Incorrect — Mayor is political/representative but administration is by officers.
B: Correct — Municipal Commissioner/Chief Officer handles daily operations.
C: Incorrect — Prime Minister is national-level, not municipal.
D: Incorrect — Councillors set policy, staff carry out administration.

Q6. A ward in a city is:
A. A type of municipal tax
B. A small electoral/administrative area within a city
C. A law passed by the council
D. A private park
Correct: B

A: Incorrect — not a tax.
B: Correct — wards divide cities for representation and administration.
C: Incorrect — wards are geographic areas, not laws.
D: Incorrect — parks are different public spaces.

Q7. Councillors in a municipality are chosen by:
A. Appointment by the state governor
B. Local elections in each ward
C. Random selection by lottery
D. National Parliament vote
Correct: B

A: Incorrect — councillors are elected, not appointed by governor.
B: Correct — citizens vote for councillors in their ward.
C: Incorrect — democratic elections, not lottery.
D: Incorrect — Parliament does not elect municipal councillors.

Q8. Which one is a key objective of urban local government?
A. Conducting foreign policy
B. Managing civic services like water and sanitation
C. Printing national currency
D. Running national defence forces
Correct: B

A/C/D: Incorrect — foreign policy, currency printing, and defence are central government duties.
B: Correct — municipalities manage local civic services.

Q9. The seat of a municipal council where members meet is called a:
A. Ward office
B. Municipal council chamber or town hall
C. School building
D. Police station
Correct: B

A: Incorrect — ward offices are local, not the council chamber.
B: Correct — council chamber/town hall is where meetings happen.
C/D: Incorrect — schools and police stations are different institutions.

Q10. The main legal framework recommending functions of municipalities is given by:
A. The 74th Constitutional Amendment
B. The Indian Penal Code
C. The Financial Budget only
D. The National Sports Policy
Correct: A

A: Correct — 74th Amendment outlines municipal functions and structure.
B/C/D: Incorrect — IPC governs crimes; budgets and sports policy not primary legal framework for urban bodies.

Section 2 — Structure & Organisation (Q11–Q20)

Q11. Standing committees in a municipality are set up to handle:
A. All national level problems
B. Specific sectors like health or finance in detail
C. Only cultural festivals
D. International relations
Correct: B

A/D: Incorrect — national or international issues are beyond municipality scope.
B: Correct — standing committees focus on specific municipal functions.
C: Incorrect — festivals may be one item but committees handle broader functional areas.

Q12. Ward committees are important because they:
A. Decide national foreign policy
B. Bring governance closer to neighbourhoods and residents
C. Create new states
D. Replace municipal commissioners
Correct: B

A/C/D: Incorrect — ward committees work at local level; they do not create states or replace officials.
B: Correct — they focus on ward-level issues and citizen participation.

Q13. The municipal council’s decisions are carried out by:
A. Municipal staff and administration led by the Commissioner
B. The United Nations
C. Only by the Mayor alone without staff
D. Private citizens without permission
Correct: A

A: Correct — administrative staff implement council decisions.
B/C/D: Incorrect — UN, lone mayor or random citizens do not execute municipal policy.

Q14. Which of the following best describes the Mayor’s role?
A. Elected representative who chairs council meetings and represents city ceremonially
B. Military commander of the city
C. Chief minister of the state
D. Random volunteer with no duties
Correct: A

A: Correct — the Mayor is the political/ceremonial head.
B/C/D: Incorrect — Mayor is not military, state head, or a random volunteer.

Q15. Councillors are expected to:
A. Represent their ward, raise local issues and help residents access services
B. Serve as judges in courts
C. Run the national central bank
D. Command the army
Correct: A

A: Correct — councillors are local representatives.
B/C/D: Incorrect — judiciary, banking and military are unrelated roles.

Q16. The Municipal Commissioner is usually:
A. An elected farmer from the ward
B. An appointed administrative officer (often of state service)
C. The President of India
D. A foreign ambassador
Correct: B

A: Incorrect — commissioner is a professional officer, not elected farmer.
B: Correct — typically appointed, trained administrator.
C/D: Incorrect — national or diplomatic roles are unrelated.

Q17. Delimitation of wards means:
A. Measuring the weight of city products
B. Dividing a city into electoral wards based on population and area
C. Setting national borders
D. Creating foreign embassies
Correct: B

A/C/D: Incorrect — delimitation refers to dividing areas for elections, not weights or borders.
B: Correct — ward boundaries are set for fair representation.

Q18. Which body usually supervises policy decisions at the city level?
A. Municipal council comprised of elected councillors
B. The local grocery shop
C. Random citizens with no election
D. A neighbouring village panchayat
Correct: A

A: Correct — the municipal council is the decision-making body.
B/C/D: Incorrect — shops, random citizens or villages do not supervise municipal policy.

Q19. Why do cities have multiple departments (health, engineering, education)?
A. To make the structure complicated only
B. To manage specialised services efficiently with expert staff
C. To restrict citizens from participating
D. To duplicate the same work several times
Correct: B

A/C/D: Incorrect — departments exist for functional reasons, not to complicate or exclude.
B: Correct — specialisation improves service delivery.

Q20. Which of these is a responsibility of a ward councillor?
A. Approving central government laws
B. Attending to local complaints like broken street lights and drainage
C. Launching space rockets
D. Running national elections
Correct: B

A/C/D: Incorrect — national law-making, space programs, and election running are not ward councillor duties.
B: Correct — councillors handle local maintenance and citizen issues.

Section 3 — Core Functions (Q21–Q30)

Q21. Which service is primarily the responsibility of municipalities?
A. International trade agreements
B. Water supply and sanitation in the city
C. Managing the national army
D. Issuing passports
Correct: B

A/C/D: Incorrect — international trade, military and passports are national functions.
B: Correct — water and sanitation are core municipal services.

Q22. Municipalities run or support which education facilities?
A. Primary schools and anganwadis (early childhood centres)
B. National universities only
C. International schools abroad
D. Only private coaching centres
Correct: A

A: Correct — municipalities support primary education and anganwadis.
B/C/D: Incorrect — higher education and foreign schools are not their primary role.

Q23. What does solid waste management include?
A. Only painting city walls
B. Collection, segregation, recycling and disposal of garbage
C. Running the stock market
D. Managing international airports
Correct: B

A/C/D: Incorrect — waste management is a technical service, not painting or finance/aviation.
B: Correct — includes all stages from collection to disposal.

Q24. Town planning helps cities by:
A. Randomly selecting building materials
B. Zoning land for residential, commercial, industrial and public use to organise growth
C. Eliminating all parks forever
D. Building only skyscrapers everywhere
Correct: B

A/C/D: Incorrect — planning is orderly, not destructive or random.
B: Correct — zoning and planning manage how land is used.

Q25. Municipalities promote public health by:
A. Providing health camps, vaccination drives and sanitation measures
B. Running foreign hospitals exclusively
C. Manufacturing medicines only
D. Controlling national health policy alone
Correct: A

A: Correct — local health actions are typical municipal roles.
B/C/D: Incorrect — manufacturing medicines or national policy are beyond municipal scope.

Q26. Why are street lights an important municipal service?
A. They make roads invisible at night
B. They improve safety, reduce accidents and help night-time mobility
C. They control weather conditions
D. They replace water supply entirely
Correct: B

A/C/D: Incorrect — lights don’t make roads invisible, control weather, or replace water.
B: Correct — street lighting enhances safety and security.

Q27. Which activity is typically handled by a municipality’s health department?
A. Overseas diplomacy
B. Organising vaccination and mosquito control drives
C. Mining coal fields
D. Printing school textbooks for the country
Correct: B

A/C/D: Incorrect — diplomacy, mining and national textbook printing are not municipal health tasks.
B: Correct — public health campaigns are municipal responsibilities.

Q28. What is the role of a municipality in market management?
A. To stop all trade in the city
B. To license vendors, maintain market spaces and collect fees
C. To run international commodity exchanges
D. To print money for traders
Correct: B

A/C/D: Incorrect — municipalities regulate local markets, not eliminate trade or run national/international financial systems.
B: Correct — they ensure orderly markets and collect local fees.

Q29. Which is a municipal task related to environment?
A. Planting trees, maintaining parks and controlling pollution locally
B. Managing the national forest policy only
C. Launching satellites to observe climate alone
D. Running the entire country’s environmental ministry
Correct: A

A: Correct — local environmental upkeep and green spaces are municipal tasks.
B/C/D: Incorrect — national policies and space activities are beyond municipal remit.

Q30. Municipalities help road safety by:
A. Leaving roads without maintenance
B. Building/repairing roads, crosswalks and traffic signals
C. Hiring private armies for road patrols only
D. Changing national traffic rules daily
Correct: B

A/C/D: Incorrect — neglect, militarised patrols, or altering national rules are wrong.
B: Correct — they maintain local road infrastructure and signals.

Section 4 — Specific Services (Q31–Q40)

Q31. Which one is an example of a water-supply activity by a municipality?
A. Drilling borewells, maintaining pumps and pipelines and repairing leaks
B. Running international shipping lines
C. Setting national water tariffs for all countries
D. Printing bottled water labels internationally
Correct: A

A: Correct — municipalities maintain local water infrastructure.
B/C/D: Incorrect — shipping, international tariffs and product labelling are unrelated.

Q32. Door-to-door garbage collection is useful because it:
A. Creates more garbage on the streets
B. Reduces litter, encourages segregation and keeps neighbourhoods clean
C. Increases pollution deliberately
D. Is only for entertainment
Correct: B

A/C/D: Incorrect — the aim is cleanliness, not creating garbage or entertainment.
B: Correct — door-to-door collection improves cleanliness and segregation.

Q33. Mid-day meal programmes in municipal schools help by:
A. Making students hungry intentionally
B. Providing nutritious meals that improve attendance and learning
C. Replacing classes with parties only
D. Feeding only animals in the park
Correct: B

A/C/D: Incorrect — programmes are for nutrition, not hunger, parties, or animals.
B: Correct — mid-day meals boost school attendance and nutrition.

Q34. A municipal sanitation drive may include:
A. Building toilets, cleaning drains and public awareness on hygiene
B. Banning all water use permanently
C. Making people throw waste in rivers
D. Encouraging littering to increase business
Correct: A

A: Correct — these are core sanitation actions.
B/C/D: Incorrect — banning water or encouraging pollution are harmful and wrong.

Q35. Which municipal action helps reduce vector-borne diseases?
A. Filling and cleaning stagnant water, spraying mosquito control and sanitation
B. Promoting standing water in public places
C. Building statues only
D. Encouraging open garbage pits near homes
Correct: A

A: Correct — eliminating breeding grounds and spraying reduces disease vectors.
B/C/D: Incorrect — those increase disease risk or are irrelevant.

Q36. Which municipal activity supports local small businesses?
A. Granting market licences, maintaining market areas and sanitation
B. Closing down all shops forever
C. Taking over shops as state enterprises only
D. Selling private shops internationally without owners’ consent
Correct: A

A: Correct — organized markets and licences help vendors operate legally and safely.
B/C/D: Incorrect — shutdowns, nationalisation or illegal sales harm small business.

Q37. Public parks managed by municipalities are important because they:
A. Provide green space, recreation, and improve air quality
B. Are places to dump toxic waste
C. Serve only as parking lots for trucks
D. Replace all schools in the city
Correct: A

A: Correct — parks offer recreation and environmental benefits.
B/C/D: Incorrect — dumping waste, parking trucks, or replacing schools are inappropriate uses.

Q38. A municipal early-warning system for storms would typically include:
A. Notifying citizens by phone, sirens or public announcements and arranging evacuation centres
B. Ignoring weather information and doing nothing
C. Shooting fireworks during a storm
D. Banning people from using phones ever
Correct: A

A: Correct — warning systems and shelters save lives during storms.
B/C/D: Incorrect — inaction or dangerous actions are wrong.

Q39. Public toilets provided by municipalities help particularly with:
A. Reducing open defecation, improving sanitation and dignity (especially for women)
B. Forcing people to leave the city
C. Increasing streets’ dirtiness intentionally
D. Storing solid waste only
Correct: A

A: Correct — public toilets improve sanitation and health.
B/C/D: Incorrect — toilets are for hygiene, not exclusion or waste storage.

Q40. Role of municipality in maintaining schools is mainly to:
A. Provide infrastructure maintenance, ensure cleanliness and support mid-day meals (where applicable)
B. Decide national university admissions
C. Replace teachers with robots only
D. Close schools permanently
Correct: A

A: Correct — upkeep and support help schools function.
B/C/D: Incorrect — national admissions, robot replacement or closures are not main municipal roles.

Section 5 — Revenue, Finance & Records (Q41–Q50)

Q41. Property tax is charged by municipalities on:
A. People’s pets only
B. Buildings and landowners within their area
C. All exports from the country
D. International visitors only
Correct: B

A/C/D: Incorrect — pets, exports and visitors are not primary property tax bases.
B: Correct — property tax is levied on land/buildings.

Q42. User charges are fees for:
A. Services like water supply, parking and market stalls
B. National income tax collection only
C. Paying to vote in elections
D. International passport issuance only
Correct: A

A: Correct — user charges cover specific local services.
B/C/D: Incorrect — income tax, voting fees or passports are not typical municipal user charges.

Q43. Grants from state and central governments are given to municipalities to:
A. Support specific schemes and supplement local revenue for development projects
B. Buy foreign assets for the municipality
C. Replace all local taxes forever
D. Fund only private parties for officials
Correct: A

A: Correct — grants support schemes and bridge funding gaps.
B/C/D: Incorrect — grants are for public projects, not for foreign assets, tax replacement, or private parties.

Q44. Why must municipalities keep proper accounts and records?
A. To conceal expenditure from citizens
B. To plan budgets, enable audits and show transparency in spending
C. To destroy public trust intentionally
D. To hide legal documents permanently
Correct: B

A/C/D: Incorrect — concealing or destroying records harms governance.
B: Correct — records ensure planning and accountability.

Q45. Municipal audits are important because they:
A. Verify financial correctness, find errors and prevent misuse of funds
B. Cause confusion without purpose
C. Are only for foreign agencies
D. Replace elected councils permanently
Correct: A

A: Correct — audits check accounts and improve transparency.
B/C/D: Incorrect — audits serve practical oversight functions, not confusion or foreign-only roles.

Q46. Municipal bonds are used to:
A. Raise funds from investors for large capital projects like water or roads
B. Tie buildings together physically
C. Operate the police force only
D. Finance only private weddings
Correct: A

A: Correct — bonds are a borrowing tool for infrastructure.
B/C/D: Incorrect — not literal ties or for policing or private events.

Q47. A municipal budget shows:
A. Expected income sources and proposed expenditures for the year
B. The menu of a local restaurant
C. Movie schedules only
D. Personal bank account details of the Mayor
Correct: A

A: Correct — budgets outline revenue and spending plans.
B/C/D: Incorrect — unrelated items not found in municipal budgets.

Q48. Fines and penalties collected by municipalities are used to:
A. Punish rule violators and add to municipal revenue for services
B. Launch a space mission only
C. Give to private companies for shares only
D. Celebrate the breaking of laws
Correct: A

A: Correct — fines enforce rules and fund services.
B/C/D: Incorrect — not for space, private share giveaways, or celebrating violations.

Q49. If citizens want to check municipal spending, they should:
A. Attend council meetings, check public notices or use online portals if available
B. Try to guess without any records
C. Burn municipal offices down to stop spending
D. Rely only on rumours and gossip
Correct: A

A: Correct — formal routes allow inspection and questions.
B/C/D: Incorrect — guessing, violence or gossip are wrong.

Q50. Why is increasing property tax compliance beneficial?
A. It increases available funds for better services and reduces dependence on external grants
B. It makes residents unhappy without any benefit
C. It stops all municipal services forever
D. It only helps private companies exclusively
Correct: A

A: Correct — better collection funds service delivery.
B/C/D: Incorrect — improved compliance is meant to help public services, not harm them.

Section 6 — Citizen Participation & Elections (Q51–Q60)

Q51. Municipal elections give citizens the power to:
A. Elect councillors who represent their ward in the municipal council
B. Appoint the President of India directly
C. Choose members of foreign parliaments
D. Elect only school principals
Correct: A

A: Correct — local elections choose councillors.
B/C/D: Incorrect — national or foreign offices are chosen differently.

Q52. Resident Welfare Associations (RWAs) usually:
A. Work with municipalities to address local problems and organise residents
B. Replace the municipal council by force
C. Run national highways only
D. Control the weather in the ward
Correct: A

A: Correct — RWAs help coordinate local upkeep and liaise with officials.
B/C/D: Incorrect — RWAs are community groups, not replacements for government.

Q53. Public consultation before a big municipal project helps because it:
A. Gathers local views, reduces conflict and improves project design
B. Stops the project forever with no reason
C. Replaces the elected council entirely
D. Allows secret decisions without citizens’ knowledge
Correct: A

A: Correct — consultations make projects more acceptable and effective.
B/C/D: Incorrect — public input is for improvement, not vetoing or replacing councils.

Q54. A citizen can lodge a municipal complaint by:
A. Contacting the councillor, using the municipal office or an online grievance portal
B. Sending a message to a random TV station only
C. Ignoring the problem and hoping it vanishes
D. Doing nothing official and only complaining to neighbours
Correct: A

A: Correct — formal routes yield action and records.
B/C/D: Incorrect — informal or passive steps are ineffective.

Q55. Voting in municipal elections is important because it:
A. Lets residents choose local leaders who affect daily services like water and sanitation
B. Automatically grants citizenship to foreigners
C. Installs national leaders personally by each voter
D. Is only for children under 10
Correct: A

A: Correct — local votes decide local representatives.
B/C/D: Incorrect — voting doesn’t grant citizenship or pick national leaders, and minors can’t vote.

Q56. Which step encourages greater citizen participation?
A. Holding ward meetings at convenient times and publishing notices widely
B. Scheduling meetings without informing residents
C. Banning public attendance in council sessions
D. Hiding all records and decisions
Correct: A

A: Correct — accessibility and information boost participation.
B/C/D: Incorrect — secrecy and exclusion reduce involvement.

Q57. Students can participate in municipal matters by:
A. Joining cleanliness drives, school projects about local issues and meeting local representatives
B. Ignoring civic education entirely
C. Forcing the municipality to close schools
D. Selling municipal documents on the street
Correct: A

A: Correct — active, constructive participation builds civic sense.
B/C/D: Incorrect — ignoring or destructive actions are unhelpful and wrong.

Q58. Public notices issued by municipalities typically announce:
A. Council meetings, budgets, tender notices and project plans for public view
B. How much each citizen is worth financially only
C. Secrets of national security unrelated to the city
D. Personal messages for private use only
Correct: A

A: Correct — public notices inform citizens of municipal business.
B/C/D: Incorrect — not financial worth, national security secrets, or private messages.

Q59. Citizen feedback can improve municipal services because it:
A. Helps identify problems, suggests solutions and holds officials accountable
B. Stops the municipality from functioning legally
C. Always causes chaos without any good outcome
D. Prevents any new projects forever
Correct: A

A: Correct — feedback is used to refine services and improve accountability.
B/C/D: Incorrect — constructive feedback supports better functioning, not chaos.

Q60. Which is the best way for residents to influence municipal priorities?
A. Participate in ward meetings, meet councillors and use grievance mechanisms constructively
B. Spread false rumours to force change
C. Refuse to pay any taxes forever to protest only
D. Commit vandalism to attract attention
Correct: A

A: Correct — institutional participation leads to sustainable change.
B/C/D: Incorrect — illegal, dishonest or harmful actions are counterproductive and unlawful.

Section 7 — Challenges (Q61–Q70)

Q61. Rapid urbanisation creates challenges such as:
A. Overburdened services, slums and traffic congestion
B. Too few people to manage cities
C. Lack of any need for schools or hospitals
D. Instant abundance of funds always
Correct: A

A: Correct — rapid growth strains infrastructure and services.
B/C/D: Incorrect — urbanisation increases population and service needs, not the opposite.

Q62. Slums and informal settlements typically face problems like:
A. Lack of basic water, sanitation, secure housing and services
B. Excess of recreational parks only
C. High salaries for all residents always
D. Having too many museums by default
Correct: A

A: Correct — slums often lack basic civic services.
B/C/D: Incorrect — slums usually lack amenities, not have excess of them.

Q63. Poor waste management leads to:
A. Pollution, health hazards and clogged drains causing floods
B. Clean and safe streets automatically
C. Reduced disease and better air quality always
D. Instant growth of forests in the city
Correct: A

A: Correct — improper waste handling causes these problems.
B/C/D: Incorrect — waste mismanagement worsens conditions, not improves them.

Q64. A shortage of funds in municipalities often results in:
A. Delayed or incomplete projects and poor service delivery
B. Immediate perfect services with no effort
C. No change since funds are irrelevant
D. Extra holidays for residents only
Correct: A

A: Correct — lack of money hampers operations and projects.
B/C/D: Incorrect — shortages rarely lead to perfect services or irrelevant change.

Q65. Coordination problems with state agencies can cause:
A. Delays in approvals, slow project implementation and confusion over responsibilities
B. Faster project completion always
C. Better independent performance of municipalities without the state
D. Elimination of the need for public funds
Correct: A

A: Correct — coordination gaps cause delays and confusion.
B/C/D: Incorrect — lack of coordination seldom speeds things up or removes funding needs.

Q66. Corruption in municipal work may show up as:
A. Inflated project costs, fake beneficiaries and poor-quality work
B. Perfectly efficient projects always
C. Instant improvement without spending any money
D. Transparent and publicised accounts only
Correct: A

A: Correct — corruption causes wrong spending and poor delivery.
B/C/D: Incorrect — these are signs of good governance, not corruption.

Q67. Informal parking and street vending issues are often caused by:
A. Lack of proper market space, weak enforcement and poor planning
B. Abundance of formal parking and organized markets everywhere
C. Too many public parks only
D. Excessive municipal revenue always
Correct: A

A: Correct — lack of planned spaces and enforcement causes informal activity.
B/C/D: Incorrect — abundance of formal facilities would reduce informal issues.

Q68. Which of the following is a social challenge for cities?
A. Social exclusion of certain groups, slum marginalisation and inequality of services
B. Everyone being equally wealthy always
C. Perfectly equal services to all with no effort
D. Uninterrupted livability with no issues
Correct: A

A: Correct — social inequality and exclusion are key urban challenges.
B/C/D: Incorrect — unrealistic and not typical challenges.

Q69. Climate change affects cities by:
A. Increasing heatwaves, flooding and stress on water supply and drainage systems
B. Removing all weather variations entirely
C. Making cities colder uniformly everywhere forever
D. Having no effect at all on urban areas
Correct: A

A: Correct — climate impacts raise risks and strain infrastructure.
B/C/D: Incorrect — climate change causes, not eliminates, weather extremes.

Q70. Why can legal ambiguities over municipal powers be a problem?
A. They create confusion about who is responsible and delay action on local problems
B. They clarify everything clearly always
C. They make municipal staff super-efficient magically
D. They are the best way to improve services instantly
Correct: A

A: Correct — unclear powers slow decision-making and accountability.
B/C/D: Incorrect — ambiguities do not necessarily clarify, boost efficiency, or instant improvements.

Section 8 — Improvements & Best Practices (Q71–Q80)

Q71. Improving property tax records helps cities by:
A. Increasing revenue for services and reducing leakages
B. Making record-keeping impossible only
C. Reducing available funds drastically
D. Eliminating the need for any public services
Correct: A

A: Correct — better records lead to better revenue collection.
B/C/D: Incorrect — improved records don’t harm revenue or services.

Q72. E-governance in municipalities can include:
A. Online bill payment, grievance portals and publication of budgets
B. Only paper notices with no digital presence
C. Burning records to stop online data
D. Replacing human staff with no training or planning only
Correct: A

A: Correct — e-governance enhances access and transparency.
B/C/D: Incorrect — paper-only, destruction, or unplanned automation are not good practices.

Q73. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are used in cities to:
A. Leverage private skills and investment for services like waste treatment or water supply
B. Turn the whole city into private property for one family only
C. Stop the municipality from existing
D. Replace citizen input entirely always
Correct: A

A: Correct — PPPs bring expertise and funds while public regulation protects interest.
B/C/D: Incorrect — PPPs are regulated partnerships, not privatization of whole cities or elimination of municipal role.

Q74. Community participation helps municipal projects succeed because:
A. Locals provide feedback, help in maintenance and ensure projects match real needs
B. It always halts every project forever
C. It increases corruption automatically
D. It makes projects secret with no accountability
Correct: A

A: Correct — involvement improves relevance, upkeep and acceptance.
B/C/D: Incorrect — participation aims to aid, not hinder or corrupt projects.

Q75. A simple step to improve city cleanliness is:
A. Promoting segregation of waste at source and regular door-to-door collection
B. Encouraging people to dump waste in rivers
C. Abolishing garbage collection services entirely
D. Burning all waste in neighbourhoods without rules
Correct: A

A: Correct — segregation and collection reduce pollution and landfill loads.
B/C/D: Incorrect — dumping, abolition or uncontrolled burning are harmful.

Q76. Capacity building for municipal staff and councillors means:
A. Training them in planning, finance and public engagement to perform better
B. Forcing them to work without pay only
C. Hiring only outsiders with no local knowledge forever
D. Removing their roles completely
Correct: A

A: Correct — training strengthens governance and implementation.
B/C/D: Incorrect — unfair labor, irrelevant hiring or removal are not solutions.

Q77. An effective grievance redressal system should:
A. Allow citizens to lodge complaints, track status and get timely responses
B. Never accept complaints at any time
C. Destroy complaints after receiving them
D. Only allow complaints from certain people secretly
Correct: A

A: Correct — responsiveness and tracking build trust and fix issues.
B/C/D: Incorrect — ignoring, destroying or selective handling undermines system efficacy.

Q78. Green infrastructure improvements include:
A. Planting trees, creating rain gardens and urban parks that absorb rainwater
B. Removing all trees to build more concrete only
C. Covering parks with asphalt to increase temperature
D. Dumping industrial waste in playgrounds
Correct: A

A: Correct — green measures improve stormwater management and air quality.
B/C/D: Incorrect — removing trees or polluting parks are detrimental.

Q79. How can municipalities encourage better public transport usage?
A. Improve bus frequency, create safe bus stops and integrate routes with other modes
B. Remove all buses permanently
C. Make public transport extremely expensive only
D. Force everyone to use private cars exclusively
Correct: A

A: Correct — accessibility, reliability and integration increase ridership.
B/C/D: Incorrect — removing or making transport costly reduces usage and increases congestion.

Q80. Slum upgrading approaches should focus on:
A. Improving basic services in place (water, toilets, drainage) and legalising tenure where possible
B. Evicting people without offering alternatives
C. Ignoring slums forever and doing nothing
D. Removing schools and health centres from slums only
Correct: A

A: Correct — in-situ upgrading preserves livelihoods and improves living conditions.
B/C/D: Incorrect — eviction, neglect or service removal harm residents and are not humane or effective.

Section 9 — Case-based & Application (Q81–Q90)

Q81. If a neighbourhood faces frequent flooding due to blocked drains, the best municipal action is to:
A. Clean and maintain drains, improve drainage design and run awareness on waste disposal
B. Ignore the problem and hope it goes away
C. Cover drains with concrete without assessing impact
D. Encourage residents to build over drains permanently
Correct: A

A: Correct — cleaning, redesign and public awareness address flood causes.
B/C/D: Incorrect — ignoring or obstructing drains worsens flooding.

Q82. A small town wants to build a public park with limited funds; which mix is suitable?
A. Partial municipal funding, community fundraising, and volunteer labour for planting and maintenance
B. Expecting unlimited national funds immediately with zero plan
C. Forcing residents to buy shares in the park only
D. Building an amusement park for private profit only
Correct: A

A: Correct — combined local funding and community involvement is practical and sustainable.
B/C/D: Incorrect — unrealistic expectations or privatization exclude community needs.

Q83. If the municipality plans a new market that affects 50 vendors, consultation should:
A. Include vendors, explain plans, consider their suggestions and provide alternative arrangements if needed
B. Be secretive and force vendors out with no notice
C. Exclude vendors and only consult foreign investors
D. Never provide any relocation options
Correct: A

A: Correct — participatory planning reduces conflict and protects livelihoods.
B/C/D: Incorrect — secrecy and exclusion harm affected people.

Q84. For improving school sanitation, municipality and school should:
A. Coordinate for toilet construction, water supply and maintenance schedule with community support
B. Wait until students fix toilets themselves only
C. Close the school permanently to avoid maintenance
D. Convert toilets into storage rooms only
Correct: A

A: Correct — collaboration ensures functional and clean school sanitation.
B/C/D: Incorrect — leaving students, closing or misusing facilities is not acceptable.

Q85. A proposal to increase property tax must be accompanied by:
A. Clear explanation of how additional funds will improve services and public consultations
B. Secret orders without public notice or benefits
C. Immediate arrest of taxpayers refusing to pay without explanation
D. Sudden privatization of all public services only
Correct: A

A: Correct — transparency and communication encourage acceptance and compliance.
B/C/D: Incorrect — secrecy, coercion or privatization are poor policies.

Q86. A municipal water treatment plant improves health by:
A. Treating water to remove pollutants and pathogens before supply
B. Mixing dirty water into supply directly without treatment
C. Selling untreated water only for profit
D. Replacing water with sugary drinks for children only
Correct: A

A: Correct — treatment ensures safe drinking water and reduces disease.
B/C/D: Incorrect — supplying untreated or inappropriate liquids is harmful.

Q87. If a municipal project stalls due to lack of funds, a good step is to:
A. Reprioritise tasks, seek grants, mobilise community contribution and consider phased implementation
B. Abandon the project forever with no plan
C. Use funds from unrelated emergency services without approval
D. Hide the problem and misreport completion
Correct: A

A: Correct — practical measures and phased work can keep projects viable.
B/C/D: Incorrect — abandonment, misuse or misreporting are not responsible.

Q88. A municipal campaign to reduce plastic usage could include:
A. Public awareness, banning single-use bags, and promoting alternatives and recycling
B. Encouraging more plastic use to sell more products
C. Burning plastic in public places to get rid of it
D. Importing more plastic with no controls
Correct: A

A: Correct — awareness, regulation and alternatives work together.
B/C/D: Incorrect — increasing use or burning plastic is harmful.

Q89. For a safe city neighbourhood, the municipality should:
A. Maintain street lighting, patrolling in coordination with police and clear footpaths for pedestrians
B. Remove all lights and make streets invisible at night
C. Build only private mansions ignoring public needs
D. Convert public parks into unsafe dumping grounds
Correct: A

A: Correct — lighting, patrols and accessible footpaths improve safety.
B/C/D: Incorrect — removing services or misusing public spaces reduces safety.

Q90. A simple measurable target to improve waste management is to:
A. Increase percentage of waste segregated at source and reduce landfill volume by X% in one year
B. Keep no records and claim success randomly
C. Burn all records and deny any change
D. Stop collecting waste altogether
Correct: A

A: Correct — measurable targets guide action and monitoring.
B/C/D: Incorrect — secrecy or inaction provide no real improvement.

Section 10 — Revision & Mixed Concepts (Q91–Q100)

Q91. The best way to ensure fair beneficiary selection for a municipal welfare scheme is to:
A. Display the provisional list publicly and allow Gram/citizen feedback before finalising
B. Select beneficiaries secretly by officials without criteria
C. Give benefits only to the richest families always
D. Avoid any selection and give benefits to nobody
Correct: A

A: Correct — public display and feedback ensure fairness and correction of errors.
B/C/D: Incorrect — secrecy, favoritism or non-distribution are unfair or harmful.

Q92. Which of the following is NOT a municipal function?
A. Water supply and sanitation
B. Running local primary schools and anganwadis (in coordination)
C. Managing the central bank’s monetary policy
D. Maintaining local roads and street lights
Correct: C

A/B/D: Incorrect — these are common municipal tasks.
C: Correct — central bank duties are national-level, not municipal.

Q93. A town can improve revenue with minimal burden on citizens by:
A. Improving billing systems, offering flexible payment methods and showing how funds are used to improve services
B. Arbitrarily increasing rates and hiding receipts
C. Ceasing all services and still claiming high revenue
D. Forcing citizens to purchase government stocks only
Correct: A

A: Correct — improved systems and transparency increase compliance and justify rates.
B/C/D: Incorrect — coercive or nonsensical measures are counterproductive.

Q94. Which of the following indicates a well-performing municipality?
A. Regular services (water, waste collection), transparent accounts and active citizen participation
B. Frequent complaints, secret accounts and no meetings
C. Discontinued public services and high corruption only
D. Closed public offices with no staff present
Correct: A

A: Correct — consistent service delivery and transparency show good performance.
B/C/D: Incorrect — these indicate poor governance.

Q95. Why is inclusion of women and weaker sections in councils important?
A. It ensures diverse voices, fair representation and policies that address needs of all groups
B. It complicates meetings with no benefit
C. It’s irrelevant to municipal functioning entirely
D. It reduces citizen participation automatically
Correct: A

A: Correct — representation promotes equity and better decisions.
B/C/D: Incorrect — inclusion is beneficial, not pointless or harmful.

Q96. A municipal tender for road work should ideally be:
A. Transparent, competitive and selected on quality and price with public records of the process
B. Given secretly to a relative without any checks
C. Issued only after hiring an unqualified contractor randomly
D. Never documented at all
Correct: A

A: Correct — transparent procurement prevents corruption and ensures quality.
B/C/D: Incorrect — secrecy or unqualified hires invite failure and misuse.

Q97. Which practice helps municipalities plan for long-term growth?
A. Preparing a master plan/zoning, regular reviews and stakeholder consultations
B. Doing no planning at all and letting chaos happen
C. Random construction without thought or rules
D. Removing planning departments overnight
Correct: A

A: Correct — master plans guide orderly growth and service provision.
B/C/D: Incorrect — absence of planning causes disorganised development.

Q98. Which of these is a benefit of municipal transparency?
A. Reduces corruption, fosters trust and enables citizen oversight
B. Ensures no one knows anything and encourages secrecy
C. Makes projects less accountable to people
D. Prevents any public input permanently
Correct: A

A: Correct — transparency encourages accountability and trust.
B/C/D: Incorrect — these are negative outcomes opposite to transparency benefits.

Q99. Engaging youth in civic activities helps cities because youth:
A. Bring energy, new ideas, help in campaigns and learn civic responsibility early
B. Always cause trouble with no advantage at all
C. Replace all municipal staff permanently with teenagers only
D. Stop all municipal decisions from working
Correct: A

A: Correct — youth involvement energises civic action and builds future leaders.
B/C/D: Incorrect — negative or unrealistic statements do not reflect civic outcomes.

Q100. The most basic thing a citizen can do to improve municipal services is to:
A. Attend ward meetings, vote in elections, pay reasonable taxes and use grievance systems constructively
B. Never participate and always scold officials without formal action
C. Destroy municipal property to protest only
D. Spread false information to influence decisions unfairly
Correct: A

A: Correct — constructive participation and compliance support better services.
B/C/D: Incorrect — inaction, vandalism or misinformation harm governance and are unlawful.

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