MCQs — The Value of Work (Theme E — Economic Life Around Us)

For NCERT & CBSE Class 6
Each question lists the correct answer and a short explanation for each option (why correct / incorrect). Questions are grouped into 5 sections (20 Qs per section) for easier navigation.

Section A — Meaning & Types of Work (Q1–Q20)

Q1. Which of the following is an example of manual work?
A. Farmer
B. Teacher
C. Doctor
D. Judge
Correct: A

• A: Correct — farming involves physical labour and is a classic example of manual work.
• B: Incorrect — teaching is mainly skilled/mental work.
• C: Incorrect — doctors perform skilled/medical work, requiring specialized training.
• D: Incorrect — a judge’s work is intellectual and judicial, not manual.

Q2. Which job is primarily skilled work?
A. Mason
B. Plumber
C. Loader at a warehouse (untrained)
D. Street sweeper (untrained)
Correct: B

• A: Partly correct — mason can be skilled, but many masons are also manual; generally skilled with training. (Ambiguous but less precise than plumber in modern vocational terms.)
• B: Correct — plumbing requires technical training and skill.
• C: Incorrect — an untrained loader is manual labour without specialized skill.
• D: Incorrect — street sweeping is manual and often unskilled.

Q3. Which one is an example of intellectual work?
A. Carpenter
B. Scientist
C. Farmer
D. Electrician
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — carpentry is skilled manual work.
• B: Correct — scientists perform research, thinking and analysis — intellectual work.
• C: Incorrect — farming is largely manual (though can be skilled).
• D: Incorrect — electricians perform skilled technical work (practical/technical rather than purely intellectual).

Q4. Household chores such as cooking and cleaning are examples of:
A. Paid work only
B. Unpaid work only
C. Intellectual work
D. Service sector official jobs
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — household chores are typically unpaid unless performed for hire.
• B: Correct — household chores are usually unpaid work within families.
• C: Incorrect — while they can require knowledge, they are not primarily intellectual work.
• D: Incorrect — household chores are not formal service-sector jobs.

Q5. Service work typically includes:
A. Mining and quarrying
B. Factory manufacturing
C. Teaching and nursing
D. Farming
Correct: C

• A: Incorrect — mining is primary/industrial sector (extractive).
• B: Incorrect — manufacturing is secondary/industrial sector.
• C: Correct — teaching and nursing provide services, thus belong to the service (tertiary) sector.
• D: Incorrect — farming is a primary sector activity.

Q6. Which sector does agriculture belong to?
A. Secondary sector
B. Tertiary sector
C. Primary sector
D. Quaternary sector
Correct: C

• A: Incorrect — secondary sector is manufacturing/industry.
• B: Incorrect — tertiary sector is services.
• C: Correct — primary sector includes agriculture, fishing, mining.
• D: Incorrect — quaternary refers to knowledge-based part of tertiary, not standard primary.

Q7. A tailor who stitches clothes at home and sells them in the market is performing:
A. Primary sector work
B. Secondary sector work
C. Tertiary sector work
D. Quinary sector work
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — primary sector involves raw-material extraction like farming.
• B: Correct — tailoring/manufacturing clothes is secondary (manufacturing) work.
• C: Incorrect — selling would be tertiary; tailoring itself is secondary.
• D: Incorrect — quinary is not standard at this class level and refers to high-level services.

Q8. Which of the following is TRUE about unpaid household work?
A. It is not valuable to society.
B. It should be ignored in studies of the economy.
C. It supports the functioning of families and society.
D. It always provides high cash income.
Correct: C

• A: Incorrect — unpaid household work is valuable for family upkeep.
• B: Incorrect — ignoring it overlooks major contributions to welfare.
• C: Correct — such work is crucial for everyday functioning and well-being.
• D: Incorrect — by definition unpaid household work does not provide cash income.

Q9. Which profession primarily uses skill acquired by training?
A. Electrician
B. Labourer carrying bricks without training
C. Child doing household chores
D. Street vendor selling fruits without special skill
Correct: A

• A: Correct — electricians require technical training and certification.
• B: Incorrect — this example is unskilled manual labour.
• C: Incorrect — chores done by children are often unskilled and inappropriate.
• D: Incorrect — while vending requires some business sense, it is not necessarily a trained skilled profession.

Q10. Which of these jobs is most likely to be seasonal?
A. Teacher in a city school
B. Farmer dependent on monsoon cycles
C. Software developer
D. Bank manager
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — teachers work year-round in formal schools.
• B: Correct — many agricultural activities are seasonal (planting/harvest).
• C: Incorrect — software jobs are generally year-round.
• D: Incorrect — banking is continuous, not seasonal.

Q11. Which statement best describes manual work?
A. It requires no physical effort.
B. It is only done by uneducated people.
C. It involves physical effort and can be skilled or unskilled.
D. It always earns more than intellectual work.
Correct: C

• A: Incorrect — manual work inherently requires physical effort.
• B: Incorrect — many educated people also do manual tasks; education level does not determine all manual work.
• C: Correct — manual work involves physical effort and ranges from unskilled to highly skilled (e.g., fine carpentry).
• D: Incorrect — income varies and manual work does not always earn more.

Q12. A person who cleans hospital rooms is doing which type of work?
A. Intellectual work
B. Manual/service work
C. Primary sector work
D. Manufacturing work
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — cleaning is not primarily intellectual.
• B: Correct — cleaning in a hospital is service-oriented manual work.
• C: Incorrect — primary sector is extraction/production like farming.
• D: Incorrect — manufacturing involves making goods, not cleaning.

Q13. Which of the following tasks could be described as skilled manual work?
A. Digging a hole with no training
B. Fine carpentry making furniture
C. Picking up litter on the street without training
D. Pushing a cart for a short distance
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — digging without training is unskilled manual labour.
• B: Correct — fine carpentry requires training, skill, and craftsmanship.
• C: Incorrect — that is unskilled manual work.
• D: Incorrect — pushing a cart is typically unskilled manual labour.

Q14. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of service work?
A. Provides intangible products such as care or teaching
B. Often requires close interaction with people
C. Always produces physical goods for storage
D. Includes professions such as nursing and teaching
Correct: C

• A: Incorrect — service work often provides intangible outcomes; this statement is true for services.
• B: Incorrect — many service jobs require interacting with people; statement is true.
• C: Correct — service work typically does not produce physical goods for long-term storage.
• D: Incorrect — nursing and teaching are classic service-sector jobs.

Q15. Which of the following best shows interdependence among workers?
A. A shopkeeper making shoes alone
B. A farmer growing wheat and a baker making bread from it
C. A person living without buying goods or services
D. A factory producing only toys and not using transport
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — working alone shows little interdependence.
• B: Correct — farmers and bakers depend on each other; this is interdependence.
• C: Incorrect — unrealistic and not showing interdependence.
• D: Incorrect — a factory that ignores transport is not integrated; real economy involves interdependence.

Q16. Which job is part of the tertiary (service) sector?
A. Coal miner
B. Textile mill worker
C. School teacher
D. Fisherman
Correct: C

• A: Incorrect — coal mining is primary sector.
• B: Incorrect — textile milling is secondary (manufacturing).
• C: Correct — teachers provide educational services (tertiary).
• D: Incorrect — fishing is in the primary sector.

Q17. Why is household work often called “invisible work”?
A. Because it is done at night only
B. Because it is not seen by family members
C. Because it is unpaid and often not counted in official statistics
D. Because it is not useful
Correct: C

• A: Incorrect — household work occurs at all times, not only night.
• B: Incorrect — family members often see it; invisibility here refers to recognition, not sight.
• C: Correct — unpaid domestic labour is frequently ignored in economic measures.
• D: Incorrect — household work is very useful and essential.

Q18. Which one is a direct economic benefit of work?
A. It increases leisure time only
B. It creates income for households
C. It reduces production of goods
D. It removes the need to learn skills
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — work typically reduces leisure, though it can enable paid leisure time.
• B: Correct — work creates wages/salaries and income for consumption and saving.
• C: Incorrect — work increases production of goods and services.
• D: Incorrect — work often requires learning skills rather than removing the need.

Q19. A person who operates a public bus is primarily part of which sector?
A. Primary sector
B. Secondary sector
C. Tertiary sector
D. Quaternary sector
Correct: C

• A: Incorrect — primary sector is agriculture/extraction.
• B: Incorrect — secondary is manufacturing.
• C: Correct — transport is a service (tertiary sector).
• D: Incorrect — quaternary is specialized knowledge services, not standard for Class 6.

Q20. Which of the following is an example of a skilled craftsperson?
A. Skilled potter making fine ceramics
B. Untrained person stacking boxes randomly
C. Someone sweeping a street for the first time
D. A person buying vegetables
Correct: A

• A: Correct — a skilled potter has learned craft techniques and training.
• B: Incorrect — untrained stacking is unskilled labour.
• C: Incorrect — first-time sweeping is unskilled manual work.
• D: Incorrect — buying vegetables is a consumer action, not craft.

Section B — Importance & Effects of Work (Q21–Q40)

Q21. Which of the following BEST captures the social importance of work?
A. Work only earns money for individuals.
B. Work connects people and creates cooperation.
C. Work reduces all types of costs automatically.
D. Work eliminates the need for education.
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — money is one effect, but social importance is broader.
• B: Correct — work fosters social ties, responsibility and cooperation.
• C: Incorrect — work doesn’t automatically reduce costs; it creates value.
• D: Incorrect — work often requires education and skills.

Q22. Dignity of labour means:
A. Only white-collar jobs are dignified
B. Respecting all kinds of work equally
C. Only work that gives high income should be respected
D. Disrespecting manual workers
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — dignity of labour contradicts this.
• B: Correct — the concept emphasizes equal respect for all work.
• C: Incorrect — income shouldn’t determine respect.
• D: Incorrect — dignity of labour opposes disrespect.

Q23. Which of these is a personal benefit of doing regular work?
A. Loss of identity
B. Increased irresponsibility
C. Development of self-confidence
D. Avoidance of social contact
Correct: C

• A: Incorrect — work usually builds identity, not loss of it.
• B: Incorrect — work typically increases responsibility.
• C: Correct — regular work helps develop confidence and self-esteem.
• D: Incorrect — many jobs involve social contact; work usually increases social ties.

Q24. How does skilled labour help the economy?
A. By reducing quality of goods
B. By introducing innovations and improving services
C. By stopping the flow of new ideas
D. By decreasing productivity
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — skilled labour tends to improve quality, not reduce it.
• B: Correct — skilled workers bring expertise, innovation and higher productivity.
• C: Incorrect — skilled labour often promotes new ideas.
• D: Incorrect — skilled labour typically increases productivity.

Q25. Which of these is an indirect benefit of household work?
A. Direct cash salary every month
B. Reduced need to buy certain services
C. Creation of industrial goods
D. Instant fame and recognition outside home
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — household work usually does not pay a direct salary.
• B: Correct — doing chores at home reduces the need to hire services, saving money.
• C: Incorrect — household work does not directly produce industrial goods.
• D: Incorrect — household work often lacks public recognition, though it’s valuable.

Q26. Work helps in shaping identity because:
A. It isolates people from society
B. It gives purpose, status and recognition
C. It removes all social responsibilities
D. It makes people inactive
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — work generally integrates individuals socially.
• B: Correct — occupations often give people a role and recognition in society.
• C: Incorrect — work usually increases social responsibilities.
• D: Incorrect — work makes people active contributors.

Q27. Which of the following shows economic interdependence?
A. A house that produces everything inside without outside inputs
B. Farmers supplying raw grain to a mill, mill supplying flour to bakeries
C. A person living on a deserted island without trade
D. A single shop refusing to buy from suppliers
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — unrealistic and not interdependent.
• B: Correct — each stage depends on the other; this is economic interdependence.
• C: Incorrect — no trade means no interdependence.
• D: Incorrect — shows isolation, not interdependence.

Q28. Which of the following activities most directly contributes to GDP (Gross Domestic Product)?
A. Unpaid household work only
B. Paid manufacturing and services
C. Playing games at home for free
D. Sleeping
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — unpaid household work usually is not counted in GDP though it’s valuable.
• B: Correct — paid production of goods and services is included in GDP calculations.
• C: Incorrect — leisure activities not producing market goods aren’t counted.
• D: Incorrect — sleeping does not add economic value to GDP.

Q29. Why is respect for manual workers important for society?
A. Because it divides people by status
B. Because manual workers are the only ones who work
C. Because manual workers perform essential tasks like building and cleaning
D. Because manual workers need to be avoided
Correct: C

• A: Incorrect — respect seeks to reduce status-based division, not increase it.
• B: Incorrect — many types of workers exist beyond manual.
• C: Correct — manual workers do essential, often life-sustaining tasks.
• D: Incorrect — the opposite is true; they should be respected, not avoided.

Q30. The dignity of labour was promoted by which of the following leaders who famously did manual tasks?
A. Alexander the Great
B. Mahatma Gandhi
C. Napoleon Bonaparte
D. Julius Caesar
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — not known for promoting dignity of labour in modern social reform sense.
• B: Correct — Gandhi emphasized dignity of labour; he practiced manual tasks himself.
• C: Incorrect — not associated with this concept in Indian context.
• D: Incorrect — ancient Roman leaders not relevant to this modern social concept.

Q31. How does work contribute to national development?
A. By wasting resources only
B. By creating goods, services and income that build infrastructure and welfare
C. By decreasing production capacity
D. By promoting inactivity
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — work creates value rather than wasting resources.
• B: Correct — productive work builds the economy and funds development.
• C: Incorrect — work increases production capacity.
• D: Incorrect — work combats inactivity.

Q32. Which of these is an example of a tertiary industry activity?
A. Fishing
B. Steel manufacturing
C. Banking and insurance
D. Coal mining
Correct: C

• A: Incorrect — fishing is primary.
• B: Incorrect — steel manufacturing is secondary.
• C: Correct — banking and insurance are services (tertiary).
• D: Incorrect — coal mining is a primary activity.

Q33. Education helps work by:
A. Reducing skill levels
B. Increasing knowledge, skills and opportunities for better jobs
C. Making people less employable
D. Encouraging only manual labour
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — education raises skill and competence.
• B: Correct — education improves employability and enables specialization.
• C: Incorrect — it increases employability.
• D: Incorrect — education opens doors to many types of work, not just manual.

Q34. Which of these forms of work is most likely to receive formal training at an institute?
A. Tailoring apprentices taught by a master in a tailoring shop
B. Unpaid chores done at home without instruction
C. Random daily casual labour without skill transfer
D. Informal street vending without formal courses
Correct: A

• A: Correct — tailors often learn skills via apprenticeship or formal vocational training.
• B: Incorrect — unpaid chores typically lack formal institutional training.
• C: Incorrect — casual labour usually lacks formal instruction.
• D: Incorrect — street vending often lacks formal institutional training, though business courses exist.

Q35. Work that a person has to do at home caring for family members is mostly:
A. Paid and counted in GDP
B. Unpaid and vital for family welfare
C. Illegal
D. Luxury activity
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — household care is usually unpaid and not counted in GDP.
• B: Correct — it’s unpaid but essential for family functioning.
• C: Incorrect — it is legal and socially necessary.
• D: Incorrect — it’s a necessity, not a luxury.

Q36. Why is interdependence among workers important?
A. It causes conflict only
B. It helps in production and distribution by linking different jobs together
C. It makes each worker independent of others
D. It eliminates the need for trade
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — interdependence can promote cooperation, not only conflict.
• B: Correct — different workers and sectors depend on each other to produce and distribute goods and services.
• C: Incorrect — interdependence makes workers mutually dependent, not independent.
• D: Incorrect — interdependence increases the need for trade and cooperation.

Q37. Which is an example where service work supports manufacturing?
A. A factory making cloth without transporters
B. Truck drivers delivering raw materials to a textile mill
C. A farmer ploughing a field
D. A fisherman selling fish at sea without a market
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — without transport services, manufacturing suffers.
• B: Correct — transport service enables manufacturing by moving inputs and outputs.
• C: Incorrect — farming is primary, not a service that directly supports the mill.
• D: Incorrect — a market (service) is needed for sales; selling at sea is impractical.

Q38. Which is an economic reason to value all types of work?
A. Because only rich people matter
B. Because work creates value and livelihood for everyone
C. Because only farmers create value
D. Because the economy runs without workers
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — economic value is not limited to rich people.
• B: Correct — work across sectors produces goods/services and livelihoods.
• C: Incorrect — many sectors produce value, not just farming.
• D: Incorrect — economies depend on workers.

Q39. Which of these is NOT a direct social benefit of work?
A. Promoting discipline and responsibility
B. Creating identities and roles in society
C. Causing complete social isolation in all cases
D. Building cooperation among people
Correct: C

• A: Incorrect — work does promote discipline.
• B: Incorrect — work provides roles and identity.
• C: Correct — while some jobs can be isolating, complete social isolation is not a general direct benefit of work.
• D: Incorrect — work often builds cooperation.

Q40. Which of these statements is TRUE?
A. Only intellectual work makes society progress.
B. Manual work is unnecessary in modern society.
C. Both manual and intellectual work are important for society’s progress.
D. Household work does not support the economy at all.
Correct: C

• A: Incorrect — intellectual work is important, but not solely sufficient.
• B: Incorrect — manual work remains essential for many tasks.
• C: Correct — both types complement each other and are needed for progress.
• D: Incorrect — household work supports the economy indirectly through maintenance of the workforce.

Section C — Sectors, Occupations & Case-Based (Q41–Q60)

Q41. Which of the following occupations is correctly matched to its sector?
A. Fisherman — Secondary sector
B. Tailor — Primary sector
C. Shopkeeper — Tertiary sector
D. Iron-ore miner — Tertiary sector
Correct: C

• A: Incorrect — fishing is primary, not secondary.
• B: Incorrect — tailor is a secondary (manufacturing) activity.
• C: Correct — shopkeepers sell goods/services — tertiary sector.
• D: Incorrect — mining is primary sector work.

Q42. Which of these jobs is most likely to require daily interaction with customers?
A. Night watchman in an empty factory
B. Librarian in a public library
C. Research scientist working in a lab with no outreach
D. Solo sea fisherman at work
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — a night watchman might have minimal customer interaction.
• B: Correct — librarians assist visitors and students daily.
• C: Incorrect — scientists may have limited daily public interaction.
• D: Incorrect — solo fishermen operate away from customers during work.

Q43. If a family grows vegetables and sells them in a local market, which two economic activities are they performing?
A. Only tertiary activity
B. Primary (production) and tertiary (selling/service) activities
C. Only secondary activity
D. Quaternary and quinary activities
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — selling is tertiary but growing is primary.
• B: Correct — growing vegetables is primary; selling is tertiary/service activity.
• C: Incorrect — secondary is manufacturing which is not described here.
• D: Incorrect — quaternary/quinary are knowledge/high-level services not relevant here.

Q44. A carpenter manufactures furniture and sells directly to customers. Which sectors does his work span?
A. Primary only
B. Secondary and tertiary
C. Tertiary only
D. Secondary only
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — carpentry is not a primary (raw extraction) activity.
• B: Correct — making furniture is secondary (manufacturing); selling is tertiary (trade/service).
• C: Incorrect — manufacturing part is missing if only tertiary is chosen.
• D: Incorrect — sale/trade element makes tertiary also involved.

Q45. Which of these is an example of a formal sector job?
A. Casual daily-wage labour with no written contract
B. Permanent teacher in a government school with salary and benefits
C. Unregistered street vendor
D. Household chore done by a family member
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — casual labour often belongs to informal sector.
• B: Correct — government teacher typically has formal employment with protections and benefits.
• C: Incorrect — unregistered vendors are informal.
• D: Incorrect — household work is unpaid and informal.

Q46. A small workshop manufactures clay pots and employs three trained potters. Which statement is true?
A. This is a tertiary activity only.
B. It is a secondary activity (manufacturing).
C. It is a primary activity only.
D. No sector applies.
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — manufacturing is secondary, not tertiary.
• B: Correct — making pots is manufacturing (secondary sector).
• C: Incorrect — primary sector is raw extraction (clay extraction could be primary, but pot-making is secondary).
• D: Incorrect — sector classification applies.

Q47. Which of the following is most likely to improve a worker’s productivity?
A. Lack of training and poor tools
B. Proper training and good equipment
C. Ignoring safety and health conditions
D. Preventing rest and breaks entirely
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — lack of training hinders productivity.
• B: Correct — training and tools directly raise efficiency and quality.
• C: Incorrect — poor conditions reduce productivity.
• D: Incorrect — rest is necessary to maintain output; removing rest lowers productivity.

Q48. Which of these is an example of self-employment?
A. A salaried factory worker
B. A freelance carpenter running his own stall
C. A government school teacher on payroll
D. A full-time bank employee
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — salaried worker is employed by someone else.
• B: Correct — freelance carpenter runs own business and earns from own enterprise (self-employed).
• C: Incorrect — government teacher is employed by government.
• D: Incorrect — bank employee is not self-employed.

Q49. Which of these illustrates the chain of production and distribution?
A. Mill → Farmer → Consumer
B. Farmer → Mill → Baker → Consumer
C. Consumer → Baker → Farmer
D. Baker → Mill → Farmer
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — sequence is reversed, farmer should come before mill.
• B: Correct — farmer produces grain → mill makes flour → baker makes bread → consumer buys/eats.
• C: Incorrect — consumer doesn’t produce before baker/farmer.
• D: Incorrect — ordering is reversed.

Q50. Which occupation involves both manual and skilled work?
A. Software tester doing only keyboard clicks without thought
B. Sculptor carving stone requiring both physical effort and artistic skill
C. A person sitting idle
D. A person who only buys and doesn’t produce
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — that example is mostly repetitive and may lack skill depth.
• B: Correct — sculpting needs physical labour plus considerable skill and training.
• C: Incorrect — idle persons are not performing work.
• D: Incorrect — buying is consumption, not production.

Q51. A nurse giving injections and caring for patients is best categorized as:
A. Primary sector worker
B. Secondary sector worker
C. Tertiary sector worker (service)
D. None of the above
Correct: C

• A: Incorrect — nursing isn’t primary sector work.
• B: Incorrect — it’s not manufacturing.
• C: Correct — nursing is a healthcare service, part of the tertiary sector.
• D: Incorrect — tertiary applies.

Q52. Which statement about rural and urban occupations is correct?
A. Only rural areas have skilled workers.
B. Urban areas usually offer more diverse job opportunities.
C. Rural and urban occupations are identical in nature and variety.
D. Urban areas have only primary sector activities.
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — skilled workers exist in both settings.
• B: Correct — cities generally have broader mix: services, industries, offices, etc.
• C: Incorrect — there are differences in diversity and kinds of jobs.
• D: Incorrect — urban areas largely have secondary and tertiary sectors.

Q53. A person who grows vegetables, cooks them, and sells meals in a stall is performing which combination of activities?
A. Primary, secondary and tertiary activities
B. Only primary activity
C. Only tertiary activity
D. Only secondary activity
Correct: A

• A: Correct — growing vegetables (primary), preparing meals (secondary/processing), selling meals (tertiary/service).
• B: Incorrect — selling and cooking are not primary.
• C: Incorrect — growing and cooking include primary and secondary.
• D: Incorrect — growing is primary, not secondary.

Q54. Which of the following measures would most likely raise respect for manual labour?
A. Reducing wages for manual workers
B. Educating people about dignity of labour and recognising contributions publicly
C. Making manual tasks secret and hidden
D. Increasing stigma around manual jobs
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — reducing wages lowers respect.
• B: Correct — education and public recognition change attitudes positively.
• C: Incorrect — secrecy increases invisibility and stigma.
• D: Incorrect — stigma reduces respect.

Q55. An artisan producing handmade baskets and selling online is an example of:
A. A primary sector worker only
B. Combining traditional crafts (secondary) with modern service/market access (tertiary)
C. A government employee
D. A student only, not a worker
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — basket-making is manufacturing (secondary).
• B: Correct — craft production (secondary) plus online selling (tertiary) shows combined activities.
• C: Incorrect — artisan is not necessarily government-employed.
• D: Incorrect — artisans who sell are workers.

Q56. If a person has no job but is actively seeking one, they are classified as:
A. Employed
B. Self-employed
C. Unemployed
D. Retired
Correct: C

• A: Incorrect — employed means currently working.
• B: Incorrect — self-employed means running own business.
• C: Correct — actively seeking work while not working fits unemployment.
• D: Incorrect — retired usually indicates not seeking work.

Q57. Which of the following best describes casual labour?
A. Permanent job with benefits
B. Short-term, irregular work often paid daily
C. High-level managerial work
D. Formal sector employment with contract security
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — casual labour lacks permanency and benefits.
• B: Correct — casual labour typically is irregular, short-term and often daily-wage based.
• C: Incorrect — managerial work is not casual labour.
• D: Incorrect — formal contracts are absent in casual labour.

Q58. A factory worker making toys that are then exported supports which national function?
A. Local-only economy with no national impact
B. Export earning and contribution to national income
C. Only household welfare
D. None — manufacturing doesn’t help the nation
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — exports have national economic impact beyond local.
• B: Correct — exported goods bring foreign exchange and add to national income.
• C: Incorrect — manufacturing contributes to larger economy, not only households.
• D: Incorrect — manufacturing is vital to national economies.

Q59. Which action shows an individual practising dignity of labour?
A. Refusing to do any manual task because it’s beneath them
B. Volunteering to clean a community area and treating cleaners respectfully
C. Only praising high-income professionals publicly
D. Looking down on tradespeople
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — refusing manual tasks contradicts dignity of labour.
• B: Correct — volunteering and respect exemplify dignity of labour.
• C: Incorrect — selective praise undermines equal respect.
• D: Incorrect — contempt is opposite of dignity of labour.

Q60. Which of the following is an example of a knowledge-based job (quaternary activity)?
A. Farmer tilling land manually
B. Software developer writing code for medical data analysis
C. Loader stacking boxes in a warehouse
D. Street cleaner sweeping roads
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — farming is primary.
• B: Correct — software development, especially in specialised areas like medical data, is quaternary/knowledge work.
• C: Incorrect — loading is unskilled manual labour.
• D: Incorrect — street cleaning is manual/service work.

Section D — Challenges, Rights & Solutions (Q61–Q80)

Q61. Child labour is harmful because it:
A. Helps children to study more in schools
B. Denies children education and harms their health and development
C. Always provides a comfortable life for children
D. Is encouraged by law everywhere
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — child labour prevents schooling.
• B: Correct — it robs children of education/health and can cause long-term damage.
• C: Incorrect — often leads to exploitation and poor conditions.
• D: Incorrect — most countries prohibit exploitative child labour.

Q62. Which of the following is a major reason for unemployment in rural areas?
A. Excess of industries in villages
B. Seasonal nature of agricultural work leading to off-season unemployment
C. Too many service jobs in the village year-round
D. Overabundance of modern infrastructure in village homes
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — villages usually lack industries, not have excess.
• B: Correct — many agricultural jobs are seasonal, causing off-season joblessness.
• C: Incorrect — service jobs are less in rural areas historically.
• D: Incorrect — infrastructure scarcity, not abundance, is common rural problem.

Q63. One way to reduce unemployment is to:
A. Stop all vocational training programs
B. Provide skill training and promote small industries and entrepreneurship
C. Ban all new businesses
D. Reduce education opportunities
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — this would worsen employability.
• B: Correct — training and entrepreneurship create job opportunities.
• C: Incorrect — banning businesses would reduce jobs further.
• D: Incorrect — reducing education lowers job prospects.

Q64. Which condition weakly-paid manual workers often face?
A. High job security with full benefits
B. Low wages, poor working conditions and lack of social security
C. Excessive public recognition and awards
D. Guaranteed retirement bonuses by default
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — often they lack job security and benefits.
• B: Correct — low pay and poor conditions are typical challenges.
• C: Incorrect — manual workers are often under-recognized.
• D: Incorrect — retirement benefits are not guaranteed for informal/manual workers.

Q65. Which policy would most directly help informal sector workers?
A. Removing access to markets
B. Providing social security schemes, health benefits and skill training
C. Increasing taxes only on informal workers
D. Banning informal trade immediately
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — removing market access harms livelihoods.
• B: Correct — social security and training improve livelihoods and stability.
• C: Incorrect — taxing without support burdens them.
• D: Incorrect — banning informal trade would increase unemployment and poverty.

Q66. Which action is an example of protecting workers’ rights?
A. Forcing long hours without pay
B. Ensuring minimum wage, safe work conditions and reasonable hours
C. Denying medical leave when sick
D. Refusing to give safety equipment at construction sites
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — exploitation violates rights.
• B: Correct — these are fundamental labour rights and protections.
• C: Incorrect — denying leave violates rights.
• D: Incorrect — withholding safety equipment breaches safety obligations.

Q67. Why is child labour prohibited in most countries?
A. To keep children idle at home
B. To ensure children receive education and are protected from exploitation
C. To reduce the workforce
D. To increase household incomes through child unemployment
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — goal is not to make children idle but to protect them.
• B: Correct — laws aim to safeguard childhood, schooling and health.
• C: Incorrect — eliminating child labour is about rights and development, not workforce numbers.
• D: Incorrect — prohibition aims to protect children, not reduce incomes; alternatives like adult employment and support are needed.

Q68. Which of these is a social challenge faced by household workers (homemakers)?
A. They are always wealthy and recognized publicly
B. Their work may be undervalued and unpaid, leading to invisibility
C. They do not contribute to family well-being
D. They always get pensions and formal benefits
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — homemakers often lack public recognition and monetary reward.
• B: Correct — unpaid household work is undervalued despite its essential role.
• C: Incorrect — they contribute greatly to family welfare.
• D: Incorrect — homemakers usually do not receive formal pensions or benefits unless through government schemes.

Q69. Which practice would help improve the livelihoods of rural workers?
A. Reducing agricultural training programs
B. Promoting agro-based small industries, irrigation and skill training
C. Closing local markets to all farmers
D. Stopping all rural electrification projects
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — training is needed to improve productivity.
• B: Correct — agro-industries, better irrigation and skills increase incomes and reduce seasonal unemployment.
• C: Incorrect — closing markets would harm farmers.
• D: Incorrect — electrification supports modernization and productivity.

Q70. What is a key reason women’s unpaid household work should be recognised?
A. Because it is a minor part of family life
B. Because recognising it helps promote gender equality and fair policy support
C. Because it reduces the need for schools
D. Because it is always unnecessary
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — it is not minor, it is central to family functioning.
• B: Correct — acknowledgment can lead to better policies, support and gender equality.
• C: Incorrect — recognition doesn’t reduce education needs.
• D: Incorrect — it is necessary work.

Q71. Which of the following is a legal protection for workers?
A. Child labour allowed in hazardous industries
B. Minimum wage laws and workplace safety regulations
C. Denying paid leave legally for all employees
D. Forcing overtime without compensation
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — hazardous child labour is illegal in many countries.
• B: Correct — minimum wage and safety laws protect workers’ rights.
• C: Incorrect — denying paid leave violates labour standards.
• D: Incorrect — forcing unpaid overtime breaches labour laws.

Q72. Which is a harmful consequence of technology if workers are not trained?
A. Creation of more meaningful work for all instantly
B. Job losses due to automation without reskilling opportunities
C. Universal happiness among workers with no change required
D. Permanent elimination of all unskilled jobs with full compensation automatically provided
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — while technology can create jobs, not all transitions are smooth.
• B: Correct — automation may eliminate jobs if workers lack training to adapt.
• C: Incorrect — changes can cause disruption and stress.
• D: Incorrect — compensation and transition do not happen automatically.

Q73. Which of these would most effectively reduce informal-sector exploitation?
A. Promoting formalisation via registration, access to credit, and legal protections
B. Removing access to public services for informal workers
C. Increasing informal restrictions without support
D. Ignoring informal sector completely
Correct: A

• A: Correct — formalisation helps bring informal workers into legal protections and support systems.
• B: Incorrect — denying services worsens vulnerabilities.
• C: Incorrect — restrictions without support harm livelihoods.
• D: Incorrect — ignoring the sector perpetuates exploitation.

Q74. Which of the following is a typical cause of workplace accidents among manual workers?
A. Adequate training and proper safety gear
B. Poor safety measures and lack of protective equipment
C. Excessive holiday time and rest
D. High literacy among all workers
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — adequate training and gear reduce accidents.
• B: Correct — lack of safety protocols increases accidents.
• C: Incorrect — holidays reduce fatigue-related accidents, not cause them.
• D: Incorrect — literacy alone doesn’t cause accidents.

Q75. Which of the following is NOT a suitable measure to protect workers’ health?
A. Providing clean drinking water and sanitation at workplaces
B. Ensuring regular breaks and reasonable working hours
C. Denying medical help and sick leave to injured workers
D. Giving safety training and protective equipment
Correct: C

• A: Incorrect — providing basics is essential for health.
• B: Incorrect — breaks are necessary for health and productivity.
• C: Correct — denying medical support is harmful and unethical.
• D: Incorrect — safety training is key to prevention.

Q76. Which is a long-term solution to reduce child labour?
A. Increasing poverty and removing social support
B. Strengthening access to free education and supporting poor families financially
C. Banning schools and encouraging child work
D. No policy, leaving families to decide without help
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — increasing poverty would worsen child labour.
• B: Correct — education and family support help keep children in school.
• C: Incorrect — banning schooling encourages child labour.
• D: Incorrect — absence of policy perpetuates the problem.

Q77. What is one way to make women’s work more visible and valued?
A. Continue ignoring household contributions
B. Measure unpaid work in surveys and include support policies (like childcare)
C. Prohibit women from working outside the home
D. Stop all policies supporting gender equality
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — ignoring keeps invisibility.
• B: Correct — measuring and supporting unpaid work raises its visibility and value.
• C: Incorrect — prohibition reduces women’s choices and value.
• D: Incorrect — removing support reduces equality.

Q78. Which is a correct statement about seasonal unemployment?
A. It only happens in cities with constant industries
B. It is common in agriculture where work depends on seasons
C. It does not affect rural workers
D. It happens when everyone has a permanent job
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — cities have more regular jobs; seasonality is less common.
• B: Correct — farming often leads to busy seasons and lean seasons, causing seasonal unemployment.
• C: Incorrect — rural workers are often most affected.
• D: Incorrect — permanent jobs prevent seasonality.

Q79. Why are skill training programs important for youth?
A. To keep them unemployed forever
B. To prepare them for the changing job market and raise employability
C. To ensure they only do manual labour
D. To discourage education entirely
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — training aims to improve job prospects, not worsen them.
• B: Correct — skills help youth adapt and find better jobs.
• C: Incorrect — training offers diverse job pathways, not just manual labour.
• D: Incorrect — training complements education, not discourage it.

Q80. Which strategy would best promote dignity of labour at community level?
A. Organise awareness campaigns, involve schools and celebrate all kinds of work publicly
B. Encourage prejudice against manual work
C. Discourage children from speaking to workers
D. Keep workers invisible from public recognition
Correct: A

• A: Correct — education and public recognition build respect for every job.
• B: Incorrect — prejudice undermines dignity of labour.
• C: Incorrect — discouraging dialogue fosters disrespect.
• D: Incorrect — invisibility sustains undervaluation.

Section E — Values, Assessments & Higher-Order Thinking (Q81–Q100)

Q81. Which of the following best expresses how “value of work” should be taught in schools?
A. Teach only theoretical economics without real-life examples
B. Provide practical activities (gardening, craft), visits and discussions to build respect for labour
C. Teach children to despise manual jobs
D. Avoid talking about professions at all
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — theory alone may not create respect or understanding.
• B: Correct — practical exposure helps students appreciate different kinds of work.
• C: Incorrect — discouraging respect contradicts the value of work.
• D: Incorrect — avoiding the topic misses important life lessons.

Q82. Which of the following is an example of corporate social responsibility that supports the dignity of labour?
A. A company refusing to follow minimum wage laws
B. A firm providing training, fair wages and safe work conditions to its workers
C. An industry polluting water sources near worker housing with no care
D. Companies hiring only child labour because it’s cheap
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — refusal to follow labour laws undermines worker dignity.
• B: Correct — training, fair pay and safety uphold worker dignity and CSR.
• C: Incorrect — pollution endangers workers and communities.
• D: Incorrect — employing child labour is exploitative and illegal in many places.

Q83. An effective way to show respect to manual workers in your neighbourhood is to:
A. Mock their jobs in public
B. Say “thank you”, help them when possible and treat them fairly
C. Avoid interaction and ignore them
D. Pay them less for their services
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — mocking is disrespectful.
• B: Correct — appreciation and fair treatment demonstrate respect.
• C: Incorrect — ignoring fosters invisibility.
• D: Incorrect — paying less is exploitative.

Q84. Which of these best explains why a gardener and a scientist are both important?
A. Only the scientist matters because of degrees
B. The gardener provides food/beauty while scientist provides knowledge; both contribute to quality of life
C. The gardener is unproductive compared to the scientist
D. The scientist does both jobs alone
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — credentials don’t determine absolute value to society.
• B: Correct — different roles serve complementary needs; both are important.
• C: Incorrect — gardeners produce real benefits.
• D: Incorrect — unrealistic; specialization is common.

Q85. Which combination of activities would MOST reduce the burden on unpaid household workers?
A. Encouraging only children to do household chores while adults relax
B. Promoting shared household responsibilities among all adults, access to childcare and community support
C. Forcing only women to handle all chores without help
D. Removing public services that support families
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — relying on children alone can harm education and is unfair.
• B: Correct — shared responsibilities, childcare and public support reduce the burden.
• C: Incorrect — unequal burden perpetuates gender inequality.
• D: Incorrect — removing public services worsens burdens.

Q86. Which of these is a sign of a fair work environment?
A. No transparency in pay and frequent unpaid overtime
B. Clear contracts, fair pay, safety and opportunities for skill development
C. Unsafe tools and no training provided
D. Forced work without breaks
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — lack of transparency and unpaid overtime are unfair.
• B: Correct — fairness includes clarity, safety, fair pay and growth opportunities.
• C: Incorrect — unsafe conditions are unfair and risky.
• D: Incorrect — forced conditions violate rights.

Q87. How could technology be used positively to enhance the dignity of labour?
A. Replace all workers without retraining them
B. Provide tools that make work safer, improve skills via digital training and open market access for artisans
C. Make jobs harder and less efficient
D. Increase surveillance with no benefit to workers
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — replacement without retraining harms livelihoods.
• B: Correct — tech can assist workers, increase safety, and open markets.
• C: Incorrect — technology should aim to improve efficiency, not reduce dignity.
• D: Incorrect — surveillance without benefit can be exploitative.

Q88. Which of the following is an example of ethical hiring practice?
A. Only hiring people based on family background
B. Hiring based on merit, providing equal opportunity and fair wages
C. Paying half the wage promised after hiring
D. Refusing employment to people with necessary qualifications
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — nepotism undermines fairness.
• B: Correct — ethical hiring is merit-based and fair.
• C: Incorrect — dishonesty in pay is exploitative.
• D: Incorrect — refusing qualified candidates is unjust.

Q89. If a school wants to teach the value of work, it should do all EXCEPT:
A. Invite local artisans for demonstrations
B. Encourage students to help maintain the school garden
C. Mock manual workers in play-acting sessions as villains
D. Teach history of labour movements and dignity of labour examples
Correct: C

• A: Incorrect — inviting artisans promotes hands-on respect.
• B: Incorrect — participation builds appreciation.
• C: Correct — mocking workers teaches disrespect and should be avoided.
• D: Incorrect — historical examples reinforce values.

Q90. Which role can cooperatives play in improving the lives of workers?
A. Break down solidarity among workers
B. Provide collective bargaining, access to credit, shared market access and fair prices
C. Make workers fight each other for limited jobs
D. Reduce worker income intentionally
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — cooperatives aim to build, not break, solidarity.
• B: Correct — cooperatives empower members economically and socially.
• C: Incorrect — cooperatives avoid intra-worker competition and promote cooperation.
• D: Incorrect — objective is to raise incomes, not reduce them.

Q91. What is an appropriate civic response to unsafe working conditions discovered in a local factory?
A. Ignore and continue regular consumption
B. Report to authorities, raise awareness and support worker safety campaigns
C. Celebrate the risky conditions as normal
D. Encourage more dangerous practices
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — ignoring perpetuates harm.
• B: Correct — alerting authorities and supporting safety helps protect workers.
• C: Incorrect — normalization of risk is harmful.
• D: Incorrect — encouraging danger is unethical.

Q92. Which of the following policies helps working parents balance work and family responsibilities?
A. Long unpaid maternity/paternity leave with job loss risk
B. Paid parental leave, flexible hours and child-care support
C. No leave and no childcare support at all
D. Penalizing employees for taking time for children
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — unpaid leave without job protection is often unsustainable.
• B: Correct — paid leave, flexibility and childcare support enable better work-family balance.
• C: Incorrect — lack of support increases stress and inequality.
• D: Incorrect — penalizing parents is harmful.

Q93. A local entrepreneur trains unemployed youth in tailoring and helps them sell crafts online. This action mainly demonstrates:
A. Reducing work opportunities by training people to compete
B. Promoting entrepreneurship, skill development and new market access
C. Taking jobs from others with no benefit
D. Encouraging illegal labour practices
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — training generally increases opportunities, not reduce them.
• B: Correct — skill training plus market access fosters livelihoods and entrepreneurship.
• C: Incorrect — it creates jobs, not remove them.
• D: Incorrect — assuming legality without evidence is wrong; the description is positive.

Q94. Which of the following best represents an inclusive workplace?
A. Only hiring people from one community and excluding others
B. Hiring diverse staff, reasonable accommodations and anti-discrimination policies
C. Creating barriers for people with disabilities
D. Promoting inequality deliberately
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — exclusivity is not inclusive.
• B: Correct — diversity and accommodations are core to inclusivity.
• C: Incorrect — creating barriers is discriminatory.
• D: Incorrect — intentional inequality contradicts inclusion.

Q95. Which of these best demonstrates respect for unpaid carers in a community?
A. Offering them no help and ignoring their needs
B. Providing community respite services, recognition and support schemes
C. Telling them unpaid work is irrelevant
D. Penalizing them financially for caregiving
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — ignoring carers denies support they need.
• B: Correct — respite, recognition and support ease the burden on unpaid carers.
• C: Incorrect — unpaid caregiving is highly relevant to community well-being.
• D: Incorrect — penalizing carers is unjust.

Q96. A factory introduces safer machines but does not train workers to use them. What is most likely to happen?
A. Accidents may still occur due to misuse or unfamiliarity
B. Immediate perfection and zero errors forever
C. Workers will instantly become experts without training
D. The factory will close down automatically
Correct: A

• A: Correct — technology without training can still be risky and lead to accidents.
• B: Incorrect — perfection isn’t guaranteed without training and protocols.
• C: Incorrect — expertise requires training and practice.
• D: Incorrect — closure isn’t an automatic result of untrained machines (though risks increase).

Q97. How does fair wage legislation help society?
A. It decreases the purchasing power of workers
B. It improves living standards, reduces poverty and stimulates local economies through demand
C. It only benefits employers at the cost of workers
D. It eliminates the need for education
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — fair wages increase, not decrease, purchasing power.
• B: Correct — better wages raise living standards and boost demand in economies.
• C: Incorrect — fair wages primarily benefit workers; employers can also gain through stable workforce and productivity.
• D: Incorrect — wages do not remove the need for education.

Q98. Which best shows how communities can recognize dignity of labour?
A. Holding events honouring only high-income professionals
B. Organising community fairs where artisans, cleaners and service workers are publicly thanked and awarded
C. Increasing stigma for manual jobs
D. Keeping low visibility of everyday workers
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — exclusive honours reduce inclusivity.
• B: Correct — public recognition of all workers affirms dignity of labour.
• C: Incorrect — stigma diminishes dignity.
• D: Incorrect — invisibility sustains undervaluation.

Q99. What is a sustainable way to reduce exploitation in supply chains?
A. Forcing suppliers to cut costs by reducing worker pay
B. Implementing fair trade practices, auditing conditions and ensuring living wages
C. Hiding labour conditions from consumers
D. Encouraging child labour to reduce costs
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — cost-cutting by reducing pay increases exploitation.
• B: Correct — fair trade and audits encourage ethical sourcing and decent work.
• C: Incorrect — transparency is needed, not secrecy.
• D: Incorrect — child labour is exploitative and illegal.

Q100. Which of the following summarizes the central message of “The Value of Work”?
A. Only high-paying jobs matter
B. All forms of work — manual, skilled, intellectual, paid or unpaid — have value and deserve respect; society depends on them all
C. Unpaid work is worthless
D. Work should be abolished
Correct: B

• A: Incorrect — the chapter rejects valuing only high pay.
• B: Correct — the key message is respect for all forms of labour and their interdependence in society.
• C: Incorrect — unpaid work is valuable but often invisible.
• D: Incorrect — abolishing work would halt society and economy.

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