Locating Places on Earth – MCQs
Locating Places on Earth – MCQs
“Theme A — India and the World: Land and the People – Locating Places on Earth – Understanding the Earth, continents, countries, and oceans. Introduction to maps, grid system, and cardinal directions.”
MCQ 1
Q1. The Earth’s shape is best described as:
a) Flat plate
b) Perfect sphere
c) Oblate spheroid
d) Cube
Answer: c) Oblate spheroid
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Ancient flat-earth idea is not supported by observations.
- b) Incorrect — Earth is nearly spherical but not a perfect sphere (slightly flattened at poles).
- c) Correct — “Oblate spheroid” means slightly flattened at poles and bulging at equator.
- d) Incorrect — Earth is not a cube.
MCQ 2
Q2. How many continents are there on Earth?
a) Five
b) Six
c) Seven
d) Eight
Answer: c) Seven
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Five is too few (older school lists sometimes used 5).
- b) Incorrect — Six is incorrect; sometimes Europe+Asia combined gives six, but standard is seven.
- c) Correct — Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, Australia (Oceania).
- d) Incorrect — Eight is not standard.
MCQ 3
Q3. Which is the largest ocean?
a) Atlantic Ocean
b) Indian Ocean
c) Arctic Ocean
d) Pacific Ocean
Answer: d) Pacific Ocean
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Atlantic is large but smaller than Pacific.
- b) Incorrect — Indian is third largest.
- c) Incorrect — Arctic is the smallest.
- d) Correct — Pacific is the largest and deepest ocean.
MCQ 4
Q4. The Prime Meridian (0° longitude) passes through which place?
a) New Delhi
b) Greenwich (London)
c) Paris
d) Cairo
Answer: b) Greenwich (London)
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — New Delhi is far east of 0°.
- b) Correct — Prime Meridian defined at Greenwich (0° longitude).
- c) Incorrect — Paris is east of Greenwich.
- d) Incorrect — Cairo is east of Greenwich.
MCQ 5
Q5. The Equator divides Earth into:
a) Eastern and Western hemispheres
b) Northern and Southern hemispheres
c) Tropical and polar zones only
d) Land and water halves
Answer: b) Northern and Southern hemispheres
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Prime Meridian divides east-west, not Equator.
- b) Correct — Equator (0° latitude) splits Earth into north and south halves.
- c) Incorrect — Equator is within tropical zone but doesn’t itself define all climate zones.
- d) Incorrect — Not a division of land vs water.
MCQ 6
Q6. Which latitude passes through India?
a) Tropic of Capricorn
b) Tropic of Cancer
c) Arctic Circle
d) Antarctic Circle
Answer: b) Tropic of Cancer
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Tropic of Capricorn is in the Southern Hemisphere.
- b) Correct — Tropic of Cancer (~23.5°N) passes through central India.
- c) Incorrect — Arctic Circle is far north, not in India.
- d) Incorrect — Antarctic Circle is far south.
MCQ 7
Q7. Which sea lies to the east of India?
a) Arabian Sea
b) Red Sea
c) Bay of Bengal
d) Mediterranean Sea
Answer: c) Bay of Bengal
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Arabian Sea is to the west of India.
- b) Incorrect — Red Sea is far west, between Africa and Arabian Peninsula.
- c) Correct — Bay of Bengal lies east of the Indian mainland.
- d) Incorrect — Mediterranean is far away north of Africa/Europe.
MCQ 8
Q8. Which of these is a political map showing countries and borders?
a) Physical map
b) Topographic map
c) Political map
d) Thematic map
Answer: c) Political map
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Physical maps show landforms and natural features.
- b) Incorrect — Topographic maps show elevation and contour lines.
- c) Correct — Political maps show countries, states, capitals and borders.
- d) Incorrect — Thematic maps focus on one topic (rainfall, population).
MCQ 9
Q9. On a map, which color commonly represents water bodies?
a) Brown
b) Green
c) Blue
d) Red
Answer: c) Blue
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Brown often indicates elevation or mountains.
- b) Incorrect — Green usually shows vegetation.
- c) Correct — Blue typically depicts seas, rivers and lakes.
- d) Incorrect — Red is often used for roads or important features.
MCQ 10
Q10. Which instrument points to magnetic north?
a) Thermometer
b) Compass
c) Ruler
d) Altimeter
Answer: b) Compass
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Thermometer measures temperature.
- b) Correct — A compass has a magnetized needle that points toward magnetic north.
- c) Incorrect — Ruler measures length only.
- d) Incorrect — Altimeter measures altitude.
MCQ 11
Q11. What do contour lines on a map indicate?
a) Population density
b) Elevation and shape of land
c) Types of soil
d) Political boundaries
Answer: b) Elevation and shape of land
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Population maps are thematic, not contour maps.
- b) Correct — Contour lines join points of equal elevation showing hills and slopes.
- c) Incorrect — Soil maps are thematic maps.
- d) Incorrect — Political boundaries are shown by lines but not contour lines.
MCQ 12
Q12. If 1 cm on a map equals 10 km on the ground, the scale is called:
a) Statement scale
b) Graphic scale
c) Representative fraction 1:1000
d) No scale
Answer: a) Statement scale
Explanations:
- a) Correct — “1 cm = 10 km” is a statement (verbal) scale.
- b) Incorrect — Graphic scale is a bar drawn to show distance.
- c) Incorrect — 1:1,000 would mean 1 cm = 10 m not 10 km.
- d) Incorrect — There is clearly a scale given.
MCQ 13
Q13. Latitude values measure degrees:
a) East and West of Prime Meridian
b) North and South of Equator
c) Elevation above sea level
d) Distance from Greenwich in kilometers
Answer: b) North and South of Equator
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — That describes longitude.
- b) Correct — Latitude measures degrees north or south of the Equator.
- c) Incorrect — Elevation is not latitude.
- d) Incorrect — Latitude is angular degrees, not linear distance.
MCQ 14
Q14. The International Date Line is near which longitude?
a) 0°
b) 90°E
c) 180°
d) 23.5°N
Answer: c) 180°
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — 0° is the Prime Meridian, not Date Line.
- b) Incorrect — 90°E is inside Asia longitudes.
- c) Correct — International Date Line roughly follows 180° longitude, with zig-zags.
- d) Incorrect — 23.5°N is a latitude (Tropic of Cancer).
MCQ 15
Q15. Which of the following best describes a thematic map?
a) Shows only elevation
b) Focuses on a specific topic like rainfall or population
c) Always shows political boundaries only
d) Is the same as a physical map
Answer: b) Focuses on a specific topic like rainfall or population
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — That would be a specific physical map (elevation).
- b) Correct — Thematic maps display information about one theme (e.g., climate, language).
- c) Incorrect — Political maps show boundaries; thematic maps may or may not include them.
- d) Incorrect — Thematic maps are not the same as general physical maps.
MCQ 16
Q16. Which of these islands is part of India?
a) Sri Lanka
b) Maldives
c) Andaman & Nicobar Islands
d) Seychelles
Answer: c) Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Sri Lanka is a separate country south of India.
- b) Incorrect — Maldives is a separate island nation southwest of India.
- c) Correct — Andaman & Nicobar are Indian union territories in the Bay of Bengal.
- d) Incorrect — Seychelles is an independent island nation in the western Indian Ocean.
MCQ 17
Q17. Which line is 0° latitude?
a) Prime Meridian
b) Tropic of Cancer
c) Equator
d) International Date Line
Answer: c) Equator
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Prime Meridian is 0° longitude.
- b) Incorrect — Tropic of Cancer is ~23.5°N latitude.
- c) Correct — The Equator is 0° latitude dividing north and south.
- d) Incorrect — Date Line is near 180° longitude.
MCQ 18
Q18. Which continent is also called a subcontinent when referring to India?
a) Australia
b) Antarctica
c) Asia
d) Europe
Answer: c) Asia
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Australia is its own continent.
- b) Incorrect — Antarctica is separate.
- c) Correct — India is part of the Asian continent and is often called the Indian subcontinent.
- d) Incorrect — Europe is a different continent.
MCQ 19
Q19. What does a map legend (key) explain?
a) How to fold the map
b) The colors and symbols used on the map
c) The year the map was drawn
d) The map’s scale only
Answer: b) The colors and symbols used on the map
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Folding instructions are not the legend’s purpose.
- b) Correct — Legend explains map symbols (roads, rivers, peaks).
- c) Incorrect — Date may be shown elsewhere but is not the legend’s main role.
- d) Incorrect — Scale is a separate element, though sometimes shown near legend.
MCQ 20
Q20. Which of the following describes a peninsula?
a) Land completely surrounded by water
b) Land connected to mainland but surrounded by water on three sides
c) An underwater mountain
d) A water channel between two lands
Answer: b) Land connected to mainland but surrounded by water on three sides
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — That’s an island, not a peninsula.
- b) Correct — A peninsula sticks out into water but is attached to land.
- c) Incorrect — Underwater mountain is seamount.
- d) Incorrect — Water channel is a strait.
MCQ 21
Q21. Which of these is the smallest continent by area (inhabited)?
a) Europe
b) Australia (Oceania)
c) Antarctica
d) South America
Answer: b) Australia (Oceania)
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Europe is larger than Australia in continental classification sometimes comparable, but Australia is smallest continent.
- b) Correct — Australia (Oceania) is the smallest continent among inhabited continents.
- c) Incorrect — Antarctica is large but uninhabited permanently.
- d) Incorrect — South America is larger.
MCQ 22
Q22. Which Indian state is crossed by the Tropic of Cancer?
a) Kerala
b) Gujarat
c) Tamil Nadu
d) Karnataka
Answer: b) Gujarat
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Kerala is south of the Tropic of Cancer.
- b) Correct — Tropic of Cancer passes through Gujarat (and several other states).
- c) Incorrect — Tamil Nadu is south of the Tropic.
- d) Incorrect — Karnataka is south of Tropic of Cancer.
MCQ 23
Q23. What is the purpose of a bar (graphic) scale on a map?
a) To show map title
b) To draw contour lines
c) To directly measure ground distance from map length
d) To identify political boundaries
Answer: c) To directly measure ground distance from map length
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Title indicates subject, not scale.
- b) Incorrect — Contour lines show elevation, not scale.
- c) Correct — A graphic scale (bar) lets you measure map distance and convert to ground distance.
- d) Incorrect — Political boundaries are separate features.
MCQ 24
Q24. Lines of longitude meet at which points?
a) Equator
b) Poles
c) Prime Meridian only
d) Tropic of Cancer
Answer: b) Poles
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Parallels (latitudes) run parallel to Equator and don’t meet.
- b) Correct — Meridians (longitudes) converge at the North and South Poles.
- c) Incorrect — Prime Meridian is just one meridian, they all meet at poles.
- d) Incorrect — Tropic of Cancer is a latitude line.
MCQ 25
Q25. Which ocean borders India to the south?
a) Atlantic Ocean
b) Pacific Ocean
c) Indian Ocean
d) Arctic Ocean
Answer: c) Indian Ocean
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Atlantic is not south of India.
- b) Incorrect — Pacific is east of Asia and Oceania.
- c) Correct — The Indian Ocean lies south of India.
- d) Incorrect — Arctic is near the North Pole.
MCQ 26
Q26. Which of these is a major river in India flowing eastward?
a) Indus
b) Ganga
c) Nile
d) Amazon
Answer: b) Ganga
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Indus flows generally northwest to Pakistan; not strictly eastward across India.
- b) Correct — Ganga flows eastwards across northern India into the Bay of Bengal.
- c) Incorrect — Nile is in Africa.
- d) Incorrect — Amazon is in South America.
MCQ 27
Q27. A map that shows height using shading or contour lines is called:
a) Political map
b) Relief or topographic map
c) Thematic map
d) Road map
Answer: b) Relief or topographic map
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Political maps show boundaries.
- b) Correct — Topographic (relief) maps show elevation with contours or shading.
- c) Incorrect — Thematic maps focus on a single theme (soil, population).
- d) Incorrect — Road maps show routes and roads, not detailed elevation.
MCQ 28
Q28. Which country is directly to India’s west?
a) Bangladesh
b) Myanmar
c) Pakistan
d) China
Answer: c) Pakistan
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Bangladesh is to the east of India.
- b) Incorrect — Myanmar lies to the east of India.
- c) Correct — Pakistan borders India to the west.
- d) Incorrect — China borders India to the north/northeast.
MCQ 29
Q29. What is an archipelago?
a) A narrow strip of land connecting two larger land masses
b) A group of islands
c) A shallow sea area
d) A mountain range
Answer: b) A group of islands
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — That’s an isthmus.
- b) Correct — Archipelago is a chain or group of islands (e.g., Andaman & Nicobar).
- c) Incorrect — A shallow sea could be a continental shelf, not necessarily an archipelago.
- d) Incorrect — Mountain range is unrelated.
MCQ 30
Q30. Which of these is an example of a gulf?
a) Bay of Bengal
b) Gulf of Mannar
c) Arabian Sea
d) Indian Ocean
Answer: b) Gulf of Mannar
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Bay of Bengal is a bay, not a gulf (though both are coastal inlets).
- b) Correct — Gulf of Mannar is a gulf between India and Sri Lanka.
- c) Incorrect — Arabian Sea is a sea (part of the Indian Ocean), not a gulf.
- d) Incorrect — Indian Ocean is an ocean, much larger than a gulf.
MCQ 31
Q31. Which line divides East and West hemispheres?
a) Equator
b) Tropic of Cancer
c) Prime Meridian
d) Arctic Circle
Answer: c) Prime Meridian
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Equator divides north and south.
- b) Incorrect — Tropic of Cancer is a latitude line, not a hemisphere divider.
- c) Correct — Prime Meridian (0°) and the 180° meridian divide East and West hemispheres.
- d) Incorrect — Arctic Circle is a latitude, not a hemisphere divider.
MCQ 32
Q32. Which of the following is true about a globe?
a) It is a flat map with no distortion
b) It shows Earth as a curved surface and reduces distortion
c) It cannot show latitudes and longitudes
d) It is useless for teaching geography
Answer: b) It shows Earth as a curved surface and reduces distortion
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — A globe is not flat.
- b) Correct — A globe represents the Earth’s curved surface, minimizing shape/area distortion.
- c) Incorrect — A globe does show latitudes and longitudes.
- d) Incorrect — Globes are very useful teaching tools.
MCQ 33
Q33. What does IST (Indian Standard Time) use as its reference longitude?
a) 0° (Greenwich)
b) 90°E
c) 82.5°E
d) 77.2°E
Answer: c) 82.5°E
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — 0° is Greenwich Mean Time reference, not IST.
- b) Incorrect — 90°E would be 6 hours ahead of GMT.
- c) Correct — IST is based on 82.5°E (UTC+5:30).
- d) Incorrect — 77.2°E is approximate longitude of Delhi, not IST standard meridian.
MCQ 34
Q34. Which map projection is commonly used for navigation because it preserves direction?
a) Equal-area projection
b) Mercator projection
c) Robinson projection
d) Conic projection
Answer: b) Mercator projection
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Equal-area preserves area but not directions.
- b) Correct — Mercator preserves angles and directions, useful for marine navigation routes.
- c) Incorrect — Robinson is a compromise projection for world maps, not ideal for navigation.
- d) Incorrect — Conic projections are good for mid-latitude maps but not globally for navigation.
MCQ 35
Q35. What is the function of a locator map (inset map)?
a) To show elevation details
b) To show where the main map area is located in a larger region
c) To replace the main map entirely
d) To show only political boundaries
Answer: b) To show where the main map area is located in a larger region
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Insets are not primarily for elevation detail.
- b) Correct — Locator maps help readers see the location of the main map area at broader scale.
- c) Incorrect — Insets supplement, not replace main maps.
- d) Incorrect — Insets may show borders but their main role is location context.
MCQ 36
Q36. Which major river system flows into the Bay of Bengal?
a) Indus
b) Ganga–Brahmaputra
c) Amazon
d) Nile
Answer: b) Ganga–Brahmaputra
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Indus flows into the Arabian Sea.
- b) Correct — Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers drain into the Bay of Bengal.
- c) Incorrect — Amazon is in South America and flows into Atlantic.
- d) Incorrect — Nile is in Africa, flows into Mediterranean.
MCQ 37
Q37. Which direction is to your right if you face north?
a) East
b) West
c) South
d) North-East
Answer: a) East
Explanations:
- a) Correct — Facing north, the right-hand side is east.
- b) Incorrect — West would be left when facing north.
- c) Incorrect — South is behind when facing north.
- d) Incorrect — North-east is between north and east, not simply right.
MCQ 38
Q38. Which ocean is north of Europe?
a) Pacific Ocean
b) Arctic Ocean
c) Indian Ocean
d) Southern Ocean
Answer: b) Arctic Ocean
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Pacific is on the other side of the globe.
- b) Correct — Arctic Ocean lies to the north of Europe (and Asia, North America).
- c) Incorrect — Indian Ocean is south of Asia.
- d) Incorrect — Southern Ocean surrounds Antarctica.
MCQ 39
Q39. Which of these countries is NOT part of the Asian continent?
a) India
b) Japan
c) Egypt
d) China
Answer: c) Egypt
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — India is in Asia.
- b) Incorrect — Japan is in Asia.
- c) Correct — Egypt is mainly in Africa (a small part Sinai is in Asia, but Egypt is African country).
- d) Incorrect — China is in Asia.
MCQ 40
Q40. What is the main cause of seasons on Earth?
a) Changes in Earth’s distance from the Sun only
b) The tilt of Earth’s axis and its revolution around the Sun
c) The shape of continents
d) The rotation of Earth on its axis
Answer: b) The tilt of Earth’s axis and its revolution around the Sun
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Distance plays a minor role; tilt is primary.
- b) Correct — Tilt (~23.5°) plus orbit causes varying sun angles producing seasons.
- c) Incorrect — Continents affect climate locally but not cause seasons.
- d) Incorrect — Rotation causes day and night, not seasons.
MCQ 41
Q41. Which is a major use of topographic maps in school projects?
a) Studying political events
b) Showing elevation and landforms for field trips
c) Showing language distribution
d) Showing population growth trends
Answer: b) Showing elevation and landforms for field trips
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Political events are better shown on political maps.
- b) Correct — Topographic maps show contours and are useful for terrain study during fieldwork.
- c) Incorrect — Language distribution is thematic.
- d) Incorrect — Population trends are thematic as well.
MCQ 42
Q42. Which of these islands lie in the Arabian Sea and are part of India?
a) Andaman & Nicobar
b) Lakshadweep
c) Maldives
d) Sri Lanka
Answer: b) Lakshadweep
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Andaman & Nicobar are in the Bay of Bengal.
- b) Correct — Lakshadweep islands are located in the Arabian Sea and belong to India.
- c) Incorrect — Maldives is a separate country.
- d) Incorrect — Sri Lanka is a separate island nation near India but not in Arabian Sea.
MCQ 43
Q43. Which of the following best explains why map projections cause distortion?
a) Colors fade over time
b) Converting a curved surface to a flat sheet causes distortion
c) Ink quality on the map is poor
d) Wrong paper size
Answer: b) Converting a curved surface to a flat sheet causes distortion
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Fading color does not create geometric distortion.
- b) Correct — Flattening Earth’s curved surface necessarily distorts area, shape, distance or direction.
- c) Incorrect — Ink quality affects appearance, not geometric accuracy.
- d) Incorrect — Paper size affects scale, not projection distortion itself.
MCQ 44
Q44. A coastal feature formed where river meets the sea and deposits sediment is called:
a) Canyon
b) Glacier
c) Delta
d) Volcano
Answer: c) Delta
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Canyon is a deep valley carved by rivers, not deposition at the mouth.
- b) Incorrect — Glacier is ice mass.
- c) Correct — A delta forms from sediment deposition at a river mouth (e.g., Ganga delta).
- d) Incorrect — Volcano is a vent for molten rock.
MCQ 45
Q45. Which of these directions is opposite to East?
a) North
b) South
c) West
d) Southeast
Answer: c) West
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — North is perpendicular to east-west.
- b) Incorrect — South is opposite to north.
- c) Correct — West is the opposite direction of East.
- d) Incorrect — Southeast is between south and east, not opposite.
MCQ 46
Q46. Which of the following best defines a bay?
a) A narrow channel connecting two seas
b) A wide inlet of the sea partially enclosed by land
c) A freshwater lake in the mountains
d) A large desert near the coast
Answer: b) A wide inlet of the sea partially enclosed by land
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — That describes a strait.
- b) Correct — Bays are coastal inlets; Bay of Bengal is a large example.
- c) Incorrect — Lakes are inland and freshwater.
- d) Incorrect — Desert is not a bay.
MCQ 47
Q47. Which of these is a renewable coastal resource?
a) Offshore oil
b) Coal deposits under seabed
c) Fish stocks (if managed sustainably)
d) Deep-sea manganese nodules
Answer: c) Fish stocks (if managed sustainably)
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Oil is non-renewable and finite.
- b) Incorrect — Coal is non-renewable.
- c) Correct — Fish can renew if harvested sustainably and stocks are managed.
- d) Incorrect — Manganese nodules are considered non-renewable mineral resources.
MCQ 48
Q48. The largest island in the world is:
a) Madagascar
b) Greenland
c) Borneo
d) Great Britain
Answer: b) Greenland
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Madagascar is large but smaller than Greenland.
- b) Correct — Greenland is the world’s largest island.
- c) Incorrect — Borneo is large but smaller than Greenland.
- d) Incorrect — Great Britain is smaller than Borneo and Greenland.
MCQ 49
Q49. Which map feature would help you find which way is north?
a) Legend
b) Compass rose
c) Scale bar
d) Title
Answer: b) Compass rose
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Legend explains symbols, not direction.
- b) Correct — Compass rose indicates cardinal directions with north marked.
- c) Incorrect — Scale measures distance.
- d) Incorrect — Title labels the map subject.
MCQ 50
Q50. Which of these is a function of a political map?
a) Show mountain heights
b) Show sea depths
c) Show country borders and capitals
d) Show rainfall patterns
Answer: c) Show country borders and capitals
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Mountain heights are physical or topographic features.
- b) Incorrect — Sea depths are bathymetric features.
- c) Correct — Political maps display human-defined boundaries and capital cities.
- d) Incorrect — Rainfall is shown on thematic maps.
Part B — MCQs 51–100
MCQ 51
Q51. Which of the following is NOT a continent?
a) Eurasia
b) Africa
c) North America
d) South America
Answer: a) Eurasia
Explanations:
- a) Correct — Eurasia is a combined term for Europe + Asia, not one of the seven continents in standard lists.
- b) Incorrect — Africa is a continent.
- c) Incorrect — North America is a continent.
- d) Incorrect — South America is a continent.
MCQ 52
Q52. The term ‘latitude’ is measured in degrees from:
a) Prime Meridian
b) Equator
c) North Pole only
d) Tropic of Cancer
Answer: b) Equator
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Longitude is measured from the Prime Meridian.
- b) Correct — Latitude measures degrees north or south from the Equator (0°).
- c) Incorrect — North Pole is at 90°N, not the reference.
- d) Incorrect — Tropic of Cancer is at ~23.5°N, not the zero reference.
MCQ 53
Q53. Which city is close to 28°N, 77°E coordinates?
a) Mumbai
b) Chennai
c) New Delhi
d) Kolkata
Answer: c) New Delhi
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Mumbai is roughly 19°N, 72°E.
- b) Incorrect — Chennai is around 13°N, 80°E.
- c) Correct — New Delhi is approximately 28.6°N, 77.2°E.
- d) Incorrect — Kolkata is about 22.6°N, 88.4°E.
MCQ 54
Q54. Which of these describes a strait?
a) A mountain pass
b) A narrow water channel connecting two larger bodies of water
c) A dry riverbed
d) A wide river delta
Answer: b) A narrow water channel connecting two larger bodies of water
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Mountain pass is land feature.
- b) Correct — A strait connects two larger seas or oceans (e.g., Strait of Malacca).
- c) Incorrect — Dry riverbed is wadi or nullah.
- d) Incorrect — Delta is deposition at river mouth.
MCQ 55
Q55. Which map would best show population density?
a) Political map
b) Thematic map
c) Physical map
d) Road map
Answer: b) Thematic map
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Political maps show borders, not density.
- b) Correct — Thematic maps display a single theme like population density.
- c) Incorrect — Physical maps show landforms, not population.
- d) Incorrect — Road maps show transport routes.
MCQ 56
Q56. Which of the following is true about meridians (longitudes)?
a) They are parallel lines
b) They run east–west
c) They are measured in degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian
d) They measure distance north and south
Answer: c) They are measured in degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Meridians converge at poles, not parallel.
- b) Incorrect — They run north–south.
- c) Correct — Longitudes are measured in degrees E or W from Prime Meridian.
- d) Incorrect — That describes latitude.
MCQ 57
Q57. Which of these countries shares a land border with India?
a) Japan
b) Bangladesh
c) Sri Lanka
d) Maldives
Answer: b) Bangladesh
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Japan is an island nation, no land border with India.
- b) Correct — Bangladesh shares an eastern land border with India.
- c) Incorrect — Sri Lanka is separated by sea from India.
- d) Incorrect — Maldives is separate island nation in Indian Ocean.
MCQ 58
Q58. Which line marks the northernmost limit of the tropics?
a) Equator
b) Tropic of Cancer
c) Tropic of Capricorn
d) Arctic Circle
Answer: b) Tropic of Cancer
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Equator is central, not limit.
- b) Correct — Tropic of Cancer (~23.5°N) is the northern boundary of the tropical zone.
- c) Incorrect — Tropic of Capricorn (~23.5°S) marks southern limit of tropics.
- d) Incorrect — Arctic Circle is far north of tropics.
MCQ 59
Q59. The Bay of Bengal is part of which ocean?
a) Pacific Ocean
b) Atlantic Ocean
c) Indian Ocean
d) Arctic Ocean
Answer: c) Indian Ocean
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Pacific is on the other side of the globe.
- b) Incorrect — Atlantic not connected to Bay of Bengal.
- c) Correct — Bay of Bengal is a northeast extension of the Indian Ocean.
- d) Incorrect — Arctic is polar north ocean.
MCQ 60
Q60. Which of these is a map symbol you might find in the legend?
a) A long description of the place
b) A dot for a city
c) A full paragraph on history
d) A list of all population figures
Answer: b) A dot for a city
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Legends are brief symbol explanations, not long descriptions.
- b) Correct — Symbols like dots for cities are typical legend items.
- c) Incorrect — Paragraphs belong in text, not legend.
- d) Incorrect — Legends show symbol meanings, not long data lists.
MCQ 61
Q61. Which of these best defines an isthmus?
a) A group of islands
b) A narrow land connection between two larger land masses
c) A deep underwater trench
d) A coastal lagoon
Answer: b) A narrow land connection between two larger land masses
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Group of islands is an archipelago.
- b) Correct — Isthmus connects two larger land areas (e.g., Isthmus of Panama).
- c) Incorrect — Underwater trench is not an isthmus.
- d) Incorrect — Lagoon is a shallow body of water separated from sea.
MCQ 62
Q62. Which of these features helps reduce coastal erosion naturally?
a) Concrete seawalls only
b) Mangrove forests
c) Sand mining operations
d) Deforestation near coast
Answer: b) Mangrove forests
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Seawalls are human-made and can have mixed effects; they are not natural.
- b) Correct — Mangroves stabilize sediments and reduce wave energy, protecting coasts.
- c) Incorrect — Sand mining worsens erosion by removing protective sand.
- d) Incorrect — Deforestation increases erosion risk.
MCQ 63
Q63. Which region lies immediately south of the Tropic of Cancer in India?
a) Himalayan region
b) Peninsular India
c) Jammu & Kashmir
d) Ladakh
Answer: b) Peninsular India
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Himalayas are in the north.
- b) Correct — Tropic of Cancer passes through central India; peninsular India lies largely south of it.
- c) Incorrect — Jammu & Kashmir are north of Tropic.
- d) Incorrect — Ladakh is far north.
MCQ 64
Q64. Which of these statements is true about islands made of coral?
a) They are always made of volcanic rock
b) They are called atolls or coral islands and form in warm shallow seas
c) They are formed by river deposition on delta
d) They are found only in cold seas
Answer: b) They are called atolls or coral islands and form in warm shallow seas
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Volcanic islands are different from coral islands.
- b) Correct — Coral reefs and atolls form in warm, shallow tropical seas.
- c) Incorrect — Delta islands are formed by river deposition, not coral.
- d) Incorrect — Corals require warm temperatures, not cold seas.
MCQ 65
Q65. Which of the following is a major port on India’s west coast?
a) Chennai
b) Kolkata
c) Mumbai (Nhava Sheva)
d) Visakhapatnam
Answer: c) Mumbai (Nhava Sheva)
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Chennai is an east coast port.
- b) Incorrect — Kolkata is on the east (Hooghly River).
- c) Correct — Mumbai / Nhava Sheva is a major west coast port.
- d) Incorrect — Visakhapatnam is on east coast (Bay of Bengal).
MCQ 66
Q66. In which direction does the sun appear to rise?
a) West
b) East
c) North
d) South
Answer: b) East
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Sun sets in the west, not rises.
- b) Correct — The sun appears to rise in the east due to Earth’s rotation.
- c) Incorrect — North is not general rising direction.
- d) Incorrect — South is not rising direction.
MCQ 67
Q67. Which part of the map helps you know what each symbol means?
a) Title
b) Legend
c) Scale
d) Compass
Answer: b) Legend
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Title gives topic, not symbol meanings.
- b) Correct — Legend explains symbols used on map.
- c) Incorrect — Scale converts distances.
- d) Incorrect — Compass shows direction.
MCQ 68
Q68. Which of the following rivers forms a delta?
a) Indus
b) Ganga
c) Colorado
d) Rhine (in Europe)
Answer: b) Ganga
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Indus forms an extensive delta in Pakistan but Ganga is more classically associated with delta in India/Bangladesh; Indus delta exists though — caution. (For clarity, Ganga is correct choice here.)
- b) Correct — Ganga along with Brahmaputra creates the Ganga–Brahmaputra delta.
- c) Incorrect — Colorado forms an arid delta (historically) but not large like Ganga delta.
- d) Incorrect — Rhine forms estuaries and deltas in Europe but not in India context.
MCQ 69
Q69. Which ocean is the warmest near the equator and affects India’s climate?
a) Arctic Ocean
b) Southern Ocean
c) Indian Ocean
d) Atlantic Ocean
Answer: c) Indian Ocean
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Arctic is cold.
- b) Incorrect — Southern Ocean is cold.
- c) Correct — Indian Ocean lies near tropics and affects monsoon and India’s climate.
- d) Incorrect — Atlantic is large but Indian Ocean is primary for India’s climate.
MCQ 70
Q70. What does a small closed loop of contour lines indicate on a topographic map?
a) A valley
b) A plateau
c) A hill or mountain peak
d) A river mouth
Answer: c) A hill or mountain peak
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — V-shaped contours often indicate valleys, not small closed loops.
- b) Incorrect — Plateaus are flat elevated areas with wider contours.
- c) Correct — Closed concentric contour loops mark hills or peaks, inner loop highest.
- d) Incorrect — River mouth is not shown by closed loops.
MCQ 71
Q71. Which of these is a human-made feature often shown on maps?
a) Mountain
b) River
c) Highway
d) Forest
Answer: c) Highway
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Mountain is natural.
- b) Incorrect — River is natural.
- c) Correct — Highway is a man-made linear feature commonly shown.
- d) Incorrect — Forest is natural (though plantations may be human-influenced).
MCQ 72
Q72. Which layer of Earth do we live on?
a) Inner core
b) Mantle
c) Crust
d) Outer core
Answer: c) Crust
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Inner core is deep inside and extremely hot.
- b) Incorrect — Mantle is beneath crust but not where we live.
- c) Correct — The crust is Earth’s outermost solid layer where life exists.
- d) Incorrect — Outer core is molten metal under mantle.
MCQ 73
Q73. Which of these is an example of in-situ conservation related to geography?
a) Seed bank storing seeds in a vault
b) Botanical garden growing rare plants outside their habitat
c) National park protecting species in their natural habitat
d) Zoo keeping animals in cages
Answer: c) National park protecting species in their natural habitat
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Seed bank is ex-situ conservation.
- b) Incorrect — Botanical gardens are ex-situ (outside natural habitat).
- c) Correct — In-situ conservation means protecting organisms in their natural environment (national parks, sanctuaries).
- d) Incorrect — Zoos are ex-situ conservation method.
MCQ 74
Q74. Which continent contains the Sahara Desert?
a) Asia
b) Africa
c) Australia
d) South America
Answer: b) Africa
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Asia has deserts like Gobi but Sahara is in Africa.
- b) Correct — Sahara is the large desert in northern Africa.
- c) Incorrect — Australia has arid zones but not Sahara.
- d) Incorrect — South America has Amazon rainforest and other features, not Sahara.
MCQ 75
Q75. Which of these features is formed by wind deposition near coasts or deserts?
a) Fjord
b) Dune
c) Canyon
d) Delta
Answer: b) Dune
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Fjord is glacially carved inlet.
- b) Correct — Dunes are mounds of sand formed by wind deposition in deserts and coastal areas.
- c) Incorrect — Canyons are carved by rivers.
- d) Incorrect — Delta is river deposition at mouth, not wind.
MCQ 76
Q76. Which of these would be best to show sea depth?
a) Topographic map
b) Bathymetric map
c) Political map
d) Climatic map
Answer: b) Bathymetric map
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Topographic relates to land elevation.
- b) Correct — Bathymetric maps show underwater depths and sea-floor features.
- c) Incorrect — Political maps show borders.
- d) Incorrect — Climate maps show rainfall or temperature, not depth.
MCQ 77
Q77. In which direction would a ship travel to go from India to Sri Lanka?
a) North
b) South
c) East
d) West
Answer: b) South
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — North would head towards Himalayas.
- b) Correct — Sri Lanka lies south of India (near Tamil Nadu/Kanyakumari).
- c) Incorrect — East would head towards Bay of Bengal/Andaman.
- d) Incorrect — West would go towards Arabian Sea.
MCQ 78
Q78. Which of these is an example of a renewable energy source from the ocean?
a) Offshore oil
b) Tidal energy
c) Seabed coal deposits
d) Oceanic iron ore
Answer: b) Tidal energy
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Offshore oil is non-renewable fossil fuel.
- b) Correct — Tidal energy harnesses natural tidal movement and is renewable.
- c) Incorrect — Coal deposits are non-renewable.
- d) Incorrect — Iron ore is a non-renewable mineral.
MCQ 79
Q79. Which of these is the broad flat area formed by river deposits along its lower course?
a) Plateau
b) Floodplain
c) Gorge
d) Peninsula
Answer: b) Floodplain
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Plateau is elevated flat area.
- b) Correct — Floodplains are flat areas beside river channels formed by sediments and prone to seasonal flooding.
- c) Incorrect — Gorge is deep narrow valley.
- d) Incorrect — Peninsula is land surrounded by water on three sides.
MCQ 80
Q80. Which of these statements is true about the Arctic Ocean?
a) It is the warmest ocean.
b) It is the smallest and coldest ocean.
c) It is between Africa and Australia.
d) It is south of India.
Answer: b) It is the smallest and coldest ocean.
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Arctic is cold, not warm.
- b) Correct — Arctic Ocean is the smallest and coldest ocean near the North Pole.
- c) Incorrect — Africa and Australia are far apart; Arctic is not between them.
- d) Incorrect — Arctic is north, not south of India.
MCQ 81
Q81. Which of these is an example of ex-situ conservation?
a) Wildlife sanctuary
b) National park
c) Zoo
d) Protected forest
Answer: c) Zoo
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Wildlife sanctuaries protect species in their natural habitat = in-situ.
- b) Incorrect — National parks are in-situ conservation areas.
- c) Correct — Zoos keep animals outside their natural habitat (ex-situ).
- d) Incorrect — Protected forests are in-situ conservation.
MCQ 82
Q82. What is indicated by widely spaced contour lines on a topographic map?
a) Very steep slope
b) Flat or gentle slope
c) River directly below
d) A cliff
Answer: b) Flat or gentle slope
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Close contour lines indicate steep slopes.
- b) Correct — Widely spaced contours mean gentle slope or flat area.
- c) Incorrect — Rivers may be in valleys; contour shapes show that but not necessarily widely spaced lines.
- d) Incorrect — Cliffs are shown by very close or touching contours.
MCQ 83
Q83. Which body of water lies between India and Sri Lanka?
a) Arabian Sea
b) Gulf of Mannar / Palk Strait area (both)
c) Bay of Bengal only
d) Red Sea
Answer: b) Gulf of Mannar / Palk Strait area (both)
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Arabian Sea is west of India, not between India and Sri Lanka.
- b) Correct — Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait lie between southern India and Sri Lanka.
- c) Incorrect — Bay of Bengal is east of India but the narrow channel between India and Sri Lanka includes Gulf of Mannar/Palk Strait.
- d) Incorrect — Red Sea is unrelated.
MCQ 84
Q84. Which ocean current affects the climate of western Europe by bringing warm water?
a) Labrador Current
b) Gulf Stream
c) Humboldt Current
d) Kuroshio Current
Answer: b) Gulf Stream
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Labrador Current is cold and affects North Atlantic near Canada.
- b) Correct — Gulf Stream is a warm Atlantic current that warms western Europe.
- c) Incorrect — Humboldt is a cold current off South America.
- d) Incorrect — Kuroshio is warm current near Japan, affecting East Asia.
MCQ 85
Q85. Which of the following map features is most useful for measuring short distances accurately?
a) Small-scale world map
b) Large-scale local map
c) Globe of the Earth
d) Aerial photograph
Answer: b) Large-scale local map
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Small-scale maps cover large areas with less detail.
- b) Correct — Large-scale maps (e.g., 1:10,000) show small areas with high detail and accurate measurements.
- c) Incorrect — Globes show overall Earth but not precise small-scale distance measuring.
- d) Incorrect — Aerial photos are useful but need scale/calibration for accurate measurements; large-scale maps are designed for measurement.
MCQ 86
Q86. Which of the following is an example of a continental landform?
a) Ocean trench
b) Mid-ocean ridge
c) Plateau
d) Atoll
Answer: c) Plateau
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Ocean trench is a deep oceanic feature.
- b) Incorrect — Mid-ocean ridge is an underwater mountain range.
- c) Correct — Plateau is a raised, flat continental area.
- d) Incorrect — Atoll is a ring-shaped coral island in the ocean.
MCQ 87
Q87. Which of these statements about the Southern Ocean is correct?
a) It surrounds the North Pole.
b) It surrounds Antarctica.
c) It is between Africa and South America only.
d) It is the warmest ocean.
Answer: b) It surrounds Antarctica.
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — North Pole is in the Arctic Ocean.
- b) Correct — Southern Ocean encircles Antarctica.
- c) Incorrect — While it touches southern parts of oceans near Africa & South America, it encircles Antarctica, not limited to between two continents.
- d) Incorrect — It is cold, not the warmest.
MCQ 88
Q88. Which country lies to the northeast of India?
a) Pakistan
b) Bangladesh
c) Myanmar
d) Sri Lanka
Answer: c) Myanmar
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Pakistan is to the northwest/west.
- b) Incorrect — Bangladesh is to the east of India but more southeast in relation to some parts.
- c) Correct — Myanmar lies to India’s east/northeast (especially northeast of Myanmar-India border areas).
- d) Incorrect — Sri Lanka is to the south of India.
MCQ 89
Q89. Which of these is true about the Equator?
a) It is at 90°N.
b) It is a line of longitude.
c) It divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
d) It passes through India.
Answer: c) It divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — 90°N is the North Pole.
- b) Incorrect — Equator is a latitude (0°), not longitude.
- c) Correct — Equator divides the globe into northern and southern halves.
- d) Incorrect — Equator does not pass through India.
MCQ 90
Q90. Which of these is a common use of an atlas in school?
a) To read poetry
b) To find maps and geographic data of countries and regions
c) To cook recipes
d) To store textbooks
Answer: b) To find maps and geographic data of countries and regions
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Poetry is not the function of an atlas.
- b) Correct — Atlases compile various maps and geographic information for study.
- c) Incorrect — Recipes are not found in atlases.
- d) Incorrect — Atlas is a book of maps, not a storage function.
MCQ 91
Q91. Which of the following best explains a climatic map?
a) It shows political boundaries.
b) It shows types of rocks.
c) It displays climate zones or rainfall patterns.
d) It indicates map scale only.
Answer: c) It displays climate zones or rainfall patterns.
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Political boundaries are on political maps.
- b) Incorrect — Rock types are geological maps.
- c) Correct — Climatic maps are thematic and show climate-related data like rainfall or temperature.
- d) Incorrect — Scale is separate from climatic content.
MCQ 92
Q92. Which of these regions would you expect to have the most equal day and night lengths throughout the year?
a) Near the Equator
b) Near the Poles
c) Mid-latitudes
d) High mountains
Answer: a) Near the Equator
Explanations:
- a) Correct — Equatorial regions experience nearly 12 hours day and night year-round.
- b) Incorrect — Poles have extreme variations (midnight sun and polar night).
- c) Incorrect — Mid-latitudes have seasonal changes in day length.
- d) Incorrect — Mountains change with latitude; day length depends on latitude not elevation.
MCQ 93
Q93. Which of the following is an example of human geography topic?
a) Mountain formation
b) River erosion
c) Population distribution and cities
d) Rock cycle
Answer: c) Population distribution and cities
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Mountain formation is physical geography (earth science).
- b) Incorrect — River erosion is physical geography.
- c) Correct — Human geography studies people, settlements, demographics and their activities.
- d) Incorrect — Rock cycle is geological/physical.
MCQ 94
Q94. Which of the following best describes a watershed?
a) A place where boats are washed
b) Area that drains into a particular river or lake
c) A seaside resort area
d) A drying lake bed
Answer: b) Area that drains into a particular river or lake
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Not related to watershed meaning.
- b) Correct — Watershed (drainage basin) collects water that drains to a common outlet.
- c) Incorrect — Resort area not watershed definition.
- d) Incorrect — Drying lake bed is not watershed.
MCQ 95
Q95. Which of these is an example of a natural boundary between countries?
a) A road
b) A mountain range
c) A straight line drawn by surveyors
d) A railway track
Answer: b) A mountain range
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Roads are human-made, not natural boundaries.
- b) Correct — Mountains, rivers and deserts can form natural boundaries between nations.
- c) Incorrect — Straight lines drawn are artificial boundaries.
- d) Incorrect — Railways are human-built infrastructure.
MCQ 96
Q96. Which of the following most directly influences ocean tides?
a) Wind speed only
b) The moon’s gravitational pull
c) Continental shelf width only
d) River inflow
Answer: b) The moon’s gravitational pull
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Wind affects surface waves but not primary tidal cycles.
- b) Correct — The moon’s gravity and to some extent the sun cause periodic tides.
- c) Incorrect — Shelf width affects local tidal range but not the cause.
- d) Incorrect — River inflow can influence estuary levels but not global tides.
MCQ 97
Q97. Which of these best describes a plateau?
a) A narrow deep valley
b) A flat elevated area
c) A coastal inlet
d) A type of glacier
Answer: b) A flat elevated area
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Narrow deep valley is a gorge or canyon.
- b) Correct — Plateaus are broad, elevated flat regions (e.g., Deccan Plateau).
- c) Incorrect — Coastal inlet is a bay or gulf.
- d) Incorrect — Glacier is ice mass.
MCQ 98
Q98. Which of the following best helps in finding exact location using GPS?
a) Map legend only
b) Latitude and longitude coordinates
c) Compass rose alone
d) Scale bar only
Answer: b) Latitude and longitude coordinates
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Legend explains symbols, not exact coordinates.
- b) Correct — GPS gives latitude and longitude to pinpoint a place.
- c) Incorrect — Compass shows direction, not exact coordinates.
- d) Incorrect — Scale gives distance, not exact position.
MCQ 99
Q99. The primary reason monsoon winds bring rain to India is because:
a) India is very close to the North Pole
b) Seasonal reversal of wind direction and moisture-laden winds from the ocean
c) The moon pulls moisture from the land
d) Rivers evaporate and cause monsoon
Answer: b) Seasonal reversal of wind direction and moisture-laden winds from the ocean
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — India is not near the North Pole.
- b) Correct — Monsoon is driven by seasonal land-sea temperature differences, causing winds to blow from ocean to land carrying moisture.
- c) Incorrect — Moon affects tides, not monsoon rainfall.
- d) Incorrect — Rivers contribute moisture but are not primary cause.
MCQ 100
Q100. Which of these would you use to find the shortest distance between two points on Earth for aviation?
a) A straight line on a flat map always
b) Great-circle route on globe or using spherical calculations
c) Following only roads on road map
d) Counting squares on graph paper
Answer: b) Great-circle route on globe or using spherical calculations
Explanations:
- a) Incorrect — Straight line on some flat map projections may not be shortest due to projection distortion.
- b) Correct — Great-circle route on a sphere gives the shortest path between two points on Earth; used in aviation and navigation.
- c) Incorrect — Roads follow land routes, irrelevant for direct air routes.
- d) Incorrect — Graph paper counting is not accurate for spherical distances.
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