Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on “Electoral Reforms in India: Challenges and the Way Forward” along with their answers

Which body is primarily responsible for overseeing and administering elections in India?
- A) Parliament
- B) Election Commission of India
- C) Supreme Court of India
- D) President of India
- Answer: B) Election Commission of India
What was the primary objective of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in India?
- A) To introduce a new election commission
- B) To strengthen local self-government
- C) To reform the judiciary
- D) To enhance presidential powers
- Answer: B) To strengthen local self-government
Which of the following reforms aims to curb the influence of money in elections?
- A) State Funding of Elections
- B) Introduction of Voter ID cards
- C) Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs)
- D) Reserved Constituencies
- Answer: A) State Funding of Elections
What is the purpose of the Representation of the People Act, 1951?
- A) To regulate the powers of the President
- B) To provide a framework for the conduct of elections
- C) To establish local self-government institutions
- D) To control political parties’ finances
- Answer: B) To provide a framework for the conduct of elections
Which amendment to the Indian Constitution is associated with the introduction of the concept of ‘Anti-Defection’?
- A) 61st Amendment
- B) 72nd Amendment
- C) 73rd Amendment
- D) 74th Amendment
- Answer: B) 72nd Amendment
Which Indian political figure was the first to propose electoral reforms to curb the influence of money and muscle power?
- A) Jawaharlal Nehru
- B) Rajiv Gandhi
- C) Indira Gandhi
- D) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
- Answer: B) Rajiv Gandhi
What is the significance of the “First-Past-The-Post” (FPTP) electoral system in India?
- A) It allows proportional representation
- B) The candidate with the most votes wins
- C) It ensures equal representation for all regions
- D) It promotes coalition governments
- Answer: B) The candidate with the most votes wins
Which reform seeks to make political party funding more transparent?
- A) Electoral Bonds Scheme
- B) Right to Information Act
- C) National Electoral Roll Purification
- D) Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT)
- Answer: A) Electoral Bonds Scheme
What is the main goal of the Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) system?
- A) To ensure faster counting of votes
- B) To provide a paper trail to verify electronic votes
- C) To reduce the cost of elections
- D) To increase voter turnout
- Answer: B) To provide a paper trail to verify electronic votes
Which body reviews and suggests reforms to the electoral process in India?
- A) Law Commission of India
- B) Supreme Court of India
- C) Election Commission of India
- D) Parliament of India
- Answer: A) Law Commission of India
What does the term “Anti-Defection Law” refer to in the context of Indian elections?
- A) A law that prevents candidates from switching parties
- B) A law that restricts the use of government resources for electioneering
- C) A law that limits political party funding
- D) A law that regulates election expenses
- Answer: A) A law that prevents candidates from switching parties
In which year was the Electoral Bonds Scheme introduced in India?
- A) 2015
- B) 2016
- C) 2017
- D) 2018
- Answer: B) 2016
Which of the following is a major challenge to electoral reforms in India?
- A) Lack of voter awareness
- B) Excessive political party regulation
- C) Over-reliance on paper ballots
- D) Lack of international oversight
- Answer: A) Lack of voter awareness
Which constitutional amendment aimed to increase the minimum age for candidates contesting in Rajya Sabha elections?
- A) 61st Amendment
- B) 73rd Amendment
- C) 74th Amendment
- D) 86th Amendment
- Answer: D) 86th Amendment
Which Supreme Court judgment is known for enhancing the transparency of political party funding?
- A) Kesavananda Bharati case
- B) Vishaka Guidelines
- C) Association for Democratic Reforms case
- D) Minerva Mills case
- Answer: C) Association for Democratic Reforms case
Which of the following is a key feature of the Indian electoral process that aims to protect the rights of minority groups?
- A) Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
- B) Proportional Representation System
- C) Use of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs)
- D) National Voter Registration System
- Answer: A) Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
The Delimitation Commission in India is tasked with what specific function?
- A) Conducting elections
- B) Redrawing electoral boundaries
- C) Regulating political party finances
- D) Implementing electoral reforms
- Answer: B) Redrawing electoral boundaries
Which law regulates the expenditure of political parties during elections?
- A) Representation of the People Act, 1951
- B) Indian Penal Code
- C) Electoral Bonds Act
- D) Election Commission Guidelines
- Answer: A) Representation of the People Act, 1951
The “Code of Conduct” issued by the Election Commission of India applies to which group?
- A) Voters
- B) Political parties and candidates
- C) Election observers
- D) Media organizations
- Answer: B) Political parties and candidates
Which amendment to the Indian Constitution reduced the voting age from 21 to 18 years?
- A) 61st Amendment
- B) 73rd Amendment
- C) 74th Amendment
- D) 86th Amendment
- Answer: A) 61st Amendment
Which system is used in India to ensure that electronic votes can be audited?
- A) Optical Scan System
- B) Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) with VVPAT
- C) Direct Recording Electronic (DRE) Systems
- D) Manual Counting
- Answer: B) Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) with VVPAT
What is the primary objective of the National Electoral Roll Purification (NERP) program?
- A) To increase voter turnout
- B) To clean and update the electoral rolls
- C) To distribute voter ID cards
- D) To regulate political party funding
- Answer: B) To clean and update the electoral rolls
Which body is responsible for setting guidelines for the allocation of party tickets to candidates?
- A) Election Commission of India
- B) National Human Rights Commission
- C) Supreme Court of India
- D) Political Parties
- Answer: D) Political Parties
Which election-related reform was introduced to address the issue of ‘cross-voting’ by legislators?
- A) Anti-Defection Law
- B) Electoral Bonds Scheme
- C) Right to Information Act
- D) National Voter Registration Act
- Answer: A) Anti-Defection Law
The concept of ‘Model Code of Conduct’ was first introduced in which year?
- A) 1989
- B) 1991
- C) 1992
- D) 1994
- Answer: B) 1991
What is the main objective of the “State Funding of Elections” reform?
- A) To reduce the cost of elections for candidates
- B) To enhance transparency in political funding
- C) To eliminate the influence of money in politics
- D) To streamline the election process
- Answer: C) To eliminate the influence of money in politics
Which act requires candidates to disclose their criminal records, if any, before contesting elections?
- A) Representation of the People Act, 1951
- B) Election Laws (Amendment) Act
- C) Right to Information Act
- D) Anti-Defection Act
- Answer: A) Representation of the People Act, 1951
What does the term “proportional representation” refer to in the context of electoral systems?
- A) Allocating seats based on the proportion of votes each party receives
- B) Ensuring equal representation of all regions
- C) Assigning more seats to larger parties
- D) Providing equal opportunities for all candidates
- Answer: A) Allocating seats based on the proportion of votes each party receives
Which type of electoral reform is aimed at increasing transparency in political party finances?
- A) Electoral Bonds Scheme
- B) Right to Information Act
- C) Campaign Finance Reform
- D) Public Disclosure Act
- Answer: A) Electoral Bonds Scheme
Which of the following reforms aims to address voter fraud and enhance the accuracy of the electoral process?
- A) Introduction of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs)
- B) Electoral Bonds Scheme
- C) National Voter Registration Act
- D) Anti-Defection Law
- Answer: A) Introduction of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs)

These questions cover various aspects of electoral reforms in India, from the regulatory bodies and legal frameworks to specific reforms and their implications.

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