Introduction Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a critical process in the field of environmental management…
MCQs with Answers on “Waste Management in India: Issues and Solutions”
1. Which of the following is the largest contributor to municipal solid waste in India?
A. Agriculture waste
B. Construction waste
C. Plastic waste
D. Organic waste
Answer: D. Organic waste
2. The Swachh Bharat Mission primarily focuses on which aspect of waste management?
A. Industrial waste management
B. Solid waste management
C. Hazardous waste management
D. Biomedical waste management
Answer: B. Solid waste management
3. What percentage of India’s municipal solid waste is scientifically processed, as per recent reports?
A. 25%
B. 45%
C. 60%
D. 75%
Answer: B. 45%
4. Which of the following methods is commonly used for waste-to-energy conversion?
A. Incineration
B. Composting
C. Landfilling
D. Vermicomposting
Answer: A. Incineration
5. Biomedical waste in India is regulated under which rules?
A. Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016
B. Hazardous Waste Management Rules, 2015
C. Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016
D. Municipal Solid Waste Rules, 2000
Answer: A. Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016
6. E-waste management in India is governed under which legislation?
A. E-Waste Management Rules, 2011
B. E-Waste Management Rules, 2016
C. E-Waste Handling Act, 2009
D. Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016
Answer: B. E-Waste Management Rules, 2016
7. What is the primary component of India’s municipal solid waste?
A. Paper
B. Plastics
C. Food waste
D. Metals
Answer: C. Food waste
8. Which city in India is often considered a model for waste segregation at source?
A. Mumbai
B. Indore
C. Bangalore
D. Delhi
Answer: B. Indore
9. Which of the following initiatives promotes the recycling of plastic waste in India?
A. Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016
B. Hazardous Waste Management Rules, 2016
C. National Recycling Initiative, 2018
D. Sustainable Waste Management Act, 2020
Answer: A. Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016
10. What is the primary purpose of composting in waste management?
A. Reduce carbon emissions
B. Convert organic waste into fertilizer
C. Reduce landfill waste
D. Generate energy
Answer: B. Convert organic waste into fertilizer
11. Which of the following is NOT a method of waste treatment?
A. Pyrolysis
B. Landfilling
C. Crystallization
D. Composting
Answer: C. Crystallization
12. India’s Waste-to-Energy potential is highest for which type of waste?
A. Plastic waste
B. Organic waste
C. E-waste
D. Construction debris
Answer: B. Organic waste
13. Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) applies to which category of waste?
A. Food waste
B. E-waste
C. Hazardous waste
D. Biomedical waste
Answer: B. E-waste
14. Which of the following gases is primarily emitted from landfill sites?
A. Methane
B. Nitrogen
C. Sulfur dioxide
D. Carbon monoxide
Answer: A. Methane
15. Which Indian state is known for implementing strict plastic bans?
A. Maharashtra
B. Kerala
C. Tamil Nadu
D. Gujarat
Answer: A. Maharashtra
16. Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Management Rules were introduced in which year?
A. 2010
B. 2012
C. 2016
D. 2018
Answer: C. 2016
17. The term “circular economy” in waste management refers to:
A. Recycling and reusing waste products
B. Burning waste for energy
C. Exporting waste to other countries
D. Disposal in landfills
Answer: A. Recycling and reusing waste products
18. Which of the following is a major challenge in waste management in urban India?
A. High population density
B. Lack of technology
C. Poor waste segregation
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
19. Hazardous waste in India is regulated under which act?
A. Environmental Protection Act, 1986
B. Hazardous Waste Management Rules, 2016
C. Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016
D. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
Answer: B. Hazardous Waste Management Rules, 2016
20. What is the major benefit of vermicomposting?
A. Energy generation
B. Soil fertility improvement
C. Water conservation
D. Plastic recycling
Answer: B. Soil fertility improvement
21. Which of the following is NOT biodegradable waste?
A. Food scraps
B. Paper
C. Glass
D. Garden waste
Answer: C. Glass
22. What percentage of plastic waste is recycled annually in India, as per estimates?
A. 20%
B. 30%
C. 60%
D. 80%
Answer: C. 60%
23. Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 mandate which of the following practices?
A. Waste segregation at source
B. Burning of solid waste
C. Exporting waste to other countries
D. Dumping waste in water bodies
Answer: A. Waste segregation at source
24. What is the main focus of the “Clean India Green India” initiative?
A. Promote urban forestry
B. Increase recycling rates
C. Improve solid waste management
D. Encourage renewable energy
Answer: C. Improve solid waste management
25. What is the lifespan of a properly engineered landfill?
A. 5-10 years
B. 20-30 years
C. 50-60 years
D. 70-100 years
Answer: B. 20-30 years
26. Which Indian ministry oversees waste management policies?
A. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
B. Ministry of Urban Development
C. Ministry of Rural Development
D. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Answer: A. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
27. Which type of waste is primarily addressed by the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT)?
A. Hazardous waste
B. Solid waste
C. Liquid waste
D. Agricultural waste
Answer: C. Liquid waste
28. Which of the following is a key characteristic of e-waste?
A. Non-biodegradability
B. High toxic content
C. Complex recycling process
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
29. What is “sanitary landfill”?
A. Open dumping of waste
B. Controlled waste disposal with liners to prevent leachate leakage
C. Burning waste at high temperatures
D. Conversion of waste to energy
Answer: B. Controlled waste disposal with liners to prevent leachate leakage
30. Which Indian city pioneered the “Zero Waste” model?
A. Pune
B. Mysuru
C. Ahmedabad
D. Alappuzha
Answer: D. Alappuzha
