CBSE Class 12 Mathematics syllabus 2025-26

Posted by ScientiaTutorials.in
Categories CBSE Syllabus 2025 - 2026
Date 27/09/2025

Chapter-wise syllabus for CBSE Class 12 Mathematics (2025-26) based on the NCERT/CBSE curriculum:

(From CBSE Academic “Mathematics Subject Code – 041 Classes XI-XII (2025–26)” (CBSE Academic), and related sources)

CBSE / NCERT Class 12 Mathematics Syllabus 2025-26

Unit	Chapter No.	Chapter Title	Key Topics / Sub-topics
Unit I: Relations & Functions	1	Relations and Functions	• Types of relations: reflexive, symmetric, transitive, equivalence • One-to-one and onto functions • Composite functions • Inverse of a function • Binary operations (NCERT)
	2	Inverse Trigonometric Functions	• Definition, domain & range • Principal value branches • Graphs • Elementary properties of inverse trigonometric functions
Unit II: Algebra	3	Matrices	• Concept, notation, order, equality • Types of matrices (zero, identity, symmetric, skew-symmetric) • Operations: addition, scalar multiplication, multiplication • Transpose, properties • Invertible (non-singular) matrices and uniqueness of inverse • (Depending on scope) elementary row/column operations
	4	Determinants	• Determinant of square matrices (up to 3×3) • Minors, cofactors • Properties of determinants • Adjoint, inverse (via adjoint) • Applications: e.g. area of a triangle • Systems of linear equations: consistency, uniqueness, use of inverse matrix method
Unit III: Calculus	5	Continuity and Differentiability	• Continuity and differentiability definitions • Derivative of composite functions (chain rule) • Derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions • Implicit differentiation • Exponential & logarithmic functions; their derivatives • Parametric forms • Second order derivatives • Rolle’s theorem and Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem (geometric interpretation)
	6	Applications of Derivatives	• Rate of change of quantities • Increasing / decreasing functions • Tangents & normals • Approximation • Maxima and minima (first and second derivative tests) • Simple real-life problems
	7	Integrals	• Integration as the inverse process of differentiation • Methods: substitution, by parts, partial fractions • Definite integrals, fundamental theorem of calculus • Properties of definite integrals • Simple integrals of standard forms • (Scope limited to simpler integrals)
	8	Applications of Integrals	• Area under simple curves (lines, circles, parabolas, ellipses) in standard form • Area between two curves (in standard form) (Jagranjosh.com)
	9	Differential Equations	• Definition, order, degree • General & particular solutions • Method of separation of variables • Homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree • Linear differential equations of type dy/dx + P(x)y = Q(x)
Unit IV: Vectors & 3D Geometry	10	Vector Algebra	• Scalars & vectors, magnitude, direction • Types of vectors (zero, unit, parallel, collinear) • Position vector of a point • Addition, scalar multiplication • Dot product, cross product (to the extent required) • Division of a line segment in a given ratio
	11	Three-Dimensional Geometry	• Direction cosines & direction ratios of a line • Equation of a line in space (vector & Cartesian forms) • Angle between two lines • Shortest distance between two skew lines
Unit V: Linear Programming	12	Linear Programming	• Introduction and terminology • Mathematical formulation of a linear programming problem (LPP) • Graphical method of solution for problems in two variables • Feasible / infeasible region, bounded / unbounded region • Optimal feasible solutions • (Up to three non-trivial constraints)
Unit VI: Probability	13	Probability	• Conditional probability • Multiplication theorem on probability • Independent events • Total probability theorem • Bayes’ theorem

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