CBSE Class 12 Chemistry — Syllabus 2025-26
Chapter-wise syllabus for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry (2025-26, Subject Code 043) as per the official CBSE/NCERT document: (CBSE Academic)
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry — Syllabus 2025-26
| Unit / Chapter | Chapter Title | Key Topics / Sub-topics |
|---|---|---|
| Unit I | Solutions | • Types of solutions • Expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids • Solubility of gases in liquids • Solid solutions • Raoult’s law • Colligative properties: relative lowering of vapor pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure • Determination of molecular masses using colligative properties • Abnormal molecular mass • van’t Hoff factor |
| Unit II | Electrochemistry | • Redox reactions • EMF of a cell • Standard electrode potential • Nernst equation and its applications to chemical cells • Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell • Conductance in electrolytic solutions: specific and molar conductivity • Variation of conductivity with concentration • Kohlrausch’s Law • Electrolysis & law of electrolysis (elementary idea) • Dry cell, electrolytic cells, Galvanic cells • Lead accumulator, fuel cells • Corrosion |
| Unit III | Chemical Kinetics | • Rate of a reaction (average & instantaneous) • Factors affecting rate: concentration, temperature, catalyst • Order and molecularity of a reaction • Rate law and specific rate constant • Integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order) • Concept of collision theory (elementary idea; no detailed mathematical treatment) • Activation energy, Arrhenius equation |
| Unit IV | d- and f-Block Elements | • General introduction to transition metals • Electronic configuration, occurrence & characteristics of transition metals • Trends in properties: metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, magnetic properties • Interstitial compounds, alloys • Preparation & properties of K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄ • Lanthanoids: electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity, lanthanoid contraction and its consequences • Actinoids: electronic configuration, oxidation states, comparison with lanthanoids |
| Unit V | Coordination Compounds | • Coordination compounds: introduction, ligands, coordination number • Colour, magnetic properties, shapes • IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds • Bonding theories: Werner’s theory, valence bond theory (VBT), crystal field theory (CFT) • Structure & stereoisomerism • Importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals, biological systems) |
| Unit VI | Haloalkanes and Haloarenes | • Haloalkanes: nomenclature, nature of C–X bond • Physical & chemical properties • Mechanism of substitution reactions; optical activity • Haloarenes: nature of C–X bond • Substitution reactions (directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds) • Uses & environmental effects of compounds like dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT |
| Unit VII | Alcohols, Phenols & Ethers | • Alcohols: nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (primary alcohols only) • Identification (primary, secondary, tertiary) • Mechanism of dehydration • Uses (focus on methanol, ethanol) • Phenols: nomenclature, methods of preparation, properties, acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses • Ethers: nomenclature, preparation, properties, uses |
| Unit VIII | Aldehydes, Ketones & Carboxylic Acids | • Aldehydes & Ketones: nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation • Physical & chemical properties • Mechanism of nucleophilic addition • Reactivity of α-hydrogen in aldehydes • Uses • Carboxylic Acids: nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation • Physical & chemical properties; uses |
| Unit IX | Amines | • Amines: nomenclature, classification, structure • Methods of preparation • Physical & chemical properties • Uses • Identification of primary, secondary, tertiary amines • Diazonium salts: preparation, chemical reactions, importance in synthetic organic chemistry |
| Unit X | Biomolecules | • Carbohydrates: classification into aldoses & ketoses; monosaccharides (glucose, fructose), D/L configurations; oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose); polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen); importance of carbohydrates • Proteins: basic idea of amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides & proteins; structure of proteins (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary forms; qualitative) • Denaturation of proteins; enzymes • Hormones: elementary idea (excluding structure) • Vitamins: classification & functions • Nucleic Acids: DNA & RNA |
Practical / Laboratory Component (Class 12)
Some of the practicals included are:
- Preparation of lyophilic & lyophobic sols; dialysis; study of emulsifying agents (EduStud)
- Kinetics experiment: effect of concentration & temperature (e.g. reaction between sodium thiosulfate & HCl)
- Volumetric analysis (e.g. preparation of standard solution, titration)
- Salt / qualitative analysis: determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt; detection of functional groups in organic compounds (e.g. nitrogen, halogen)
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