Assam Biodiversity MCQs with Answers for APSC, ADRE & Assam Competitive Exams
Assam Biodiversity MCQs with Answers (Part 1: Questions 1–10)
Below are 30 exam-oriented Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) on Assam Biodiversity with answers and detailed concept-clearing explanations. These questions are highly useful for APSC, ADRE, Assam Police, Assam TET, Grade III & Grade IV, SSC, Railway, Banking, and other competitive examinations.
Q1. Assam is recognized as one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots because it is a part of which biodiversity hotspot?
A. Western Ghats
B. Indo-Burma
C. Sundaland
D. Mediterranean Basin
✅ Correct Answer: B. Indo-Burma
Explanation:
The Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot is one of the world’s richest regions in terms of biodiversity. Assam forms an important part of this hotspot due to its tropical forests, wetlands, grasslands, and river ecosystems.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Western Ghats ❌ – Located in southern India.
- B. Indo-Burma ✅ – Correct; Assam lies within this globally recognized biodiversity hotspot.
- C. Sundaland ❌ – Covers parts of Indonesia and Malaysia.
- D. Mediterranean Basin ❌ – Located in Europe, Africa, and West Asia.
Q2. Which river is primarily responsible for supporting Assam’s rich biodiversity?
A. Ganga
B. Yamuna
C. Brahmaputra
D. Godavari
✅ Correct Answer: C. Brahmaputra
Explanation:
The Brahmaputra River creates fertile floodplains, wetlands, grasslands, and forests, making Assam one of India’s richest biodiversity regions.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Ganga ❌ – Does not flow through Assam.
- B. Yamuna ❌ – Northern Indian river.
- C. Brahmaputra ✅ – Lifeline of Assam’s biodiversity.
- D. Godavari ❌ – Peninsular river.
Q3. Which national park in Assam is famous for the One-Horned Rhinoceros?
A. Manas National Park
B. Orang National Park
C. Kaziranga National Park
D. Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
✅ Correct Answer: C. Kaziranga National Park
Explanation:
Kaziranga National Park is globally renowned for conserving the Great Indian One-Horned Rhinoceros and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Manas ❌ – Famous for tiger, pygmy hog, and golden langur.
- B. Orang ❌ – Also has rhinos but Kaziranga is internationally famous.
- C. Kaziranga ✅ – World’s largest population of one-horned rhinos.
- D. Dibru-Saikhowa ❌ – Known for feral horses and river biodiversity.
Q4. Which animal is the State Animal of Assam?
A. Royal Bengal Tiger
B. One-Horned Rhinoceros
C. Asian Elephant
D. Clouded Leopard
✅ Correct Answer: B. One-Horned Rhinoceros
Explanation:
The Great Indian One-Horned Rhinoceros symbolizes Assam’s successful wildlife conservation efforts.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Royal Bengal Tiger ❌ – National animal of India.
- B. One-Horned Rhinoceros ✅ – State animal of Assam.
- C. Asian Elephant ❌ – Important species but not the state animal.
- D. Clouded Leopard ❌ – Found in Assam but not the state animal.
Q5. Which bird is the State Bird of Assam?
A. Peacock
B. White-winged Wood Duck
C. Great Hornbill
D. Sarus Crane
✅ Correct Answer: B. White-winged Wood Duck
Explanation:
The White-winged Wood Duck is one of the rarest ducks in the world and is found in Assam’s tropical forests.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Peacock ❌ – National bird of India.
- B. White-winged Wood Duck ✅ – State bird of Assam.
- C. Great Hornbill ❌ – Commonly found but not the state bird.
- D. Sarus Crane ❌ – Mostly found in northern India.
Q6. Which is the State Tree of Assam?
A. Banyan
B. Hollong
C. Neem
D. Sal
✅ Correct Answer: B. Hollong
Explanation:
The Hollong (Dipterocarpus macrocarpus) is the tallest tree in Assam and dominates the evergreen forests.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Banyan ❌ – National tree.
- B. Hollong ✅ – State tree of Assam.
- C. Neem ❌ – Medicinal tree.
- D. Sal ❌ – Important forest tree but not Assam’s state tree.
Q7. Which is the State Flower of Assam?
A. Lotus
B. Foxtail Orchid (Kopou Phool)
C. Rose
D. Sunflower
✅ Correct Answer: B. Foxtail Orchid (Kopou Phool)
Explanation:
The Foxtail Orchid (Rhynchostylis retusa), popularly known as Kopou Phool, is closely associated with the Bihu festival.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Lotus ❌ – National flower.
- B. Foxtail Orchid ✅ – State flower of Assam.
- C. Rose ❌ – Common ornamental flower.
- D. Sunflower ❌ – Agricultural crop.
Q8. Which National Park in Assam is also a UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site?
A. Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
B. Orang National Park
C. Manas National Park
D. Nameri National Park
✅ Correct Answer: C. Manas National Park
Explanation:
Manas National Park is recognized as:
- UNESCO World Heritage Site
- Tiger Reserve
- Elephant Reserve
- Biosphere Reserve
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Dibru-Saikhowa ❌ – Not UNESCO.
- B. Orang ❌ – Not UNESCO.
- C. Manas ✅ – UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site.
- D. Nameri ❌ – Tiger reserve but not UNESCO.
Q9. Assam has the highest population of which endangered animal?
A. Asiatic Lion
B. One-Horned Rhinoceros
C. Snow Leopard
D. Wild Yak
✅ Correct Answer: B. One-Horned Rhinoceros
Explanation:
More than two-thirds of the world’s One-Horned Rhinoceros population is found in Assam.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Asiatic Lion ❌ – Found in Gujarat.
- B. One-Horned Rhinoceros ✅ – Correct.
- C. Snow Leopard ❌ – Himalayan region.
- D. Wild Yak ❌ – Arunachal Pradesh and Ladakh.
Q10. Which ecosystem occupies the largest area in Assam and supports maximum biodiversity?
A. Desert
B. Tropical Forests
C. Mangroves
D. Coral Reefs
✅ Correct Answer: B. Tropical Forests
Explanation:
Assam has rich tropical evergreen, semi-evergreen, moist deciduous, and riverine forests, supporting thousands of plant and animal species.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Desert ❌ – No deserts in Assam.
- B. Tropical Forests ✅ – Major biodiversity-rich ecosystem.
- C. Mangroves ❌ – Found mainly in coastal regions.
- D. Coral Reefs ❌ – Marine ecosystem.
Assam Biodiversity MCQs with Answers (Part 2: Questions 11–20)
Continue your exam-oriented preparation with Questions 11–20 on Assam Biodiversity. These MCQs are designed for APSC, ADRE, Assam Police, Assam TET, Grade III & Grade IV, SSC, Railway, Banking, and other competitive examinations.
Q11. Which National Park in Assam is popularly known as the “Mini Kaziranga”?
A. Raimona National Park
B. Orang National Park
C. Nameri National Park
D. Dehing Patkai National Park
✅ Correct Answer: B. Orang National Park
Explanation:
Orang National Park, located on the northern bank of the Brahmaputra River, is popularly called the “Mini Kaziranga” because of its healthy population of the Great Indian One-Horned Rhinoceros and similar grassland ecosystem.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Raimona National Park ❌ – Known for rich forests and golden langurs.
- B. Orang National Park ✅ – Correct; popularly called the “Mini Kaziranga.”
- C. Nameri National Park ❌ – Famous for river rafting and birds.
- D. Dehing Patkai National Park ❌ – Known as the “Amazon of the East.”
Q12. Which National Park of Assam is popularly known as the “Amazon of the East”?
A. Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
B. Kaziranga National Park
C. Dehing Patkai National Park
D. Orang National Park
✅ Correct Answer: C. Dehing Patkai National Park
Explanation:
Dehing Patkai National Park contains one of India’s largest stretches of tropical lowland evergreen rainforest. Due to its dense forests and exceptional biodiversity, it is often called the “Amazon of the East.”
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Dibru-Saikhowa ❌ – Famous for river islands and feral horses.
- B. Kaziranga ❌ – Known for rhinos.
- C. Dehing Patkai ✅ – Correct.
- D. Orang ❌ – Known as Mini Kaziranga.
Q13. Which National Park of Assam is famous for its population of feral horses?
A. Kaziranga National Park
B. Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
C. Raimona National Park
D. Nameri National Park
✅ Correct Answer: B. Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
Explanation:
Dibru-Saikhowa National Park is one of India’s most important riverine national parks and is famous for its feral horses, which are descendants of domesticated horses that returned to the wild.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Kaziranga ❌ – Famous for rhinos.
- B. Dibru-Saikhowa ✅ – Correct.
- C. Raimona ❌ – Known for golden langurs.
- D. Nameri ❌ – Famous for birdwatching.
Q14. Which endangered primate is mainly found in the forests of western Assam?
A. Lion-tailed Macaque
B. Golden Langur
C. Hoolock Gibbon
D. Slow Loris
✅ Correct Answer: B. Golden Langur
Explanation:
The Golden Langur is an endangered primate found mainly in western Assam, especially around the Manas landscape and adjoining Bhutan.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Lion-tailed Macaque ❌ – Found in the Western Ghats.
- B. Golden Langur ✅ – Correct.
- C. Hoolock Gibbon ❌ – Found in eastern and central Assam.
- D. Slow Loris ❌ – Found in several northeastern forests.
Q15. Which is the only ape found naturally in Assam?
A. Rhesus Macaque
B. Assamese Macaque
C. Hoolock Gibbon
D. Golden Langur
✅ Correct Answer: C. Hoolock Gibbon
Explanation:
The Hoolock Gibbon is India’s only ape and is found in the evergreen forests of Assam and other northeastern states. Unlike monkeys, gibbons have no tails and move through trees by swinging from branch to branch (brachiation).
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Rhesus Macaque ❌ – Monkey.
- B. Assamese Macaque ❌ – Monkey.
- C. Hoolock Gibbon ✅ – Correct.
- D. Golden Langur ❌ – Langur, not an ape.
Q16. Which Wildlife Sanctuary in Assam is famous for the Pygmy Hog Conservation Programme?
A. Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary
B. Sonai Rupai Wildlife Sanctuary
C. Barnadi Wildlife Sanctuary
D. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary
✅ Correct Answer: D. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary
Explanation:
The Pygmy Hog, the world’s smallest and one of the rarest wild pigs, has been successfully reintroduced into the grasslands of Manas National Park through conservation efforts.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Pobitora ❌ – Famous for rhinos.
- B. Sonai Rupai ❌ – Important elephant habitat.
- C. Barnadi ❌ – Known for bird diversity.
- D. Manas ✅ – Correct.
Q17. Which Wildlife Sanctuary in Assam has one of the highest densities of One-Horned Rhinoceroses?
A. Bornadi Wildlife Sanctuary
B. Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary
C. Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary
D. Garampani Wildlife Sanctuary
✅ Correct Answer: B. Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary
Explanation:
Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary is renowned for having one of the highest densities of One-Horned Rhinoceroses in the world despite its relatively small area.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Bornadi ❌ – Known for pygmy hog and hispid hare.
- B. Pobitora ✅ – Correct.
- C. Chakrashila ❌ – Famous for golden langurs.
- D. Garampani ❌ – Famous for hot springs.
Q18. Which Ramsar Site of Assam is the largest freshwater lake in the state?
A. Chandubi Lake
B. Deepor Beel
C. Son Beel
D. Maguri Beel
✅ Correct Answer: C. Son Beel
Explanation:
Son Beel, located in the Karimganj district, is the largest freshwater lake in Assam and plays an important role in fisheries and wetland biodiversity. It is distinct from Deepor Beel, which is Assam’s internationally recognized Ramsar wetland near Guwahati.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Chandubi Lake ❌ – Natural lake in Kamrup district.
- B. Deepor Beel ❌ – Ramsar wetland and bird habitat, but not the largest freshwater lake.
- C. Son Beel ✅ – Correct.
- D. Maguri Beel ❌ – Rich wetland near Dibru-Saikhowa.
Q19. Deepor Beel is internationally important mainly because it is a:
A. Desert ecosystem
B. Coral reef
C. Freshwater wetland
D. Mangrove forest
✅ Correct Answer: C. Freshwater wetland
Explanation:
Deepor Beel is a Ramsar Site and one of the most important freshwater wetlands in northeastern India. It serves as a habitat for migratory birds, fish, reptiles, and elephants moving through the adjoining forests.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Desert ecosystem ❌ – Assam has no deserts.
- B. Coral reef ❌ – Marine ecosystem.
- C. Freshwater wetland ✅ – Correct.
- D. Mangrove forest ❌ – Coastal ecosystem.
Q20. Which of the following is the greatest threat to biodiversity in Assam?
A. Afforestation
B. Wildlife conservation
C. Habitat destruction and deforestation
D. Ecotourism
✅ Correct Answer: C. Habitat destruction and deforestation
Explanation:
The biggest threats to Assam’s biodiversity include habitat loss due to deforestation, encroachment, urbanization, illegal logging, poaching, pollution, invasive species, and climate change. Protecting natural habitats is essential for conserving the state’s rich flora and fauna.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Afforestation ❌ – Helps restore biodiversity.
- B. Wildlife conservation ❌ – Protects endangered species.
- C. Habitat destruction and deforestation ✅ – Correct.
- D. Ecotourism ❌ – When managed sustainably, it supports conservation and local livelihoods.
Quick Revision (Questions 11–20)
| Topic | Key Fact |
|---|---|
| Mini Kaziranga | Orang National Park |
| Amazon of the East | Dehing Patkai National Park |
| Feral Horses | Dibru-Saikhowa National Park |
| Golden Langur | Western Assam |
| India’s Only Ape | Hoolock Gibbon |
| Pygmy Hog Conservation | Manas National Park |
| Highest Rhino Density | Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary |
| Largest Freshwater Lake | Son Beel |
| Ramsar Wetland near Guwahati | Deepor Beel |
| Greatest Threat to Biodiversity | Habitat destruction and deforestation |
Next: Part 3 (Questions 21–30) will cover biosphere reserves, endemic species, protected areas, conservation laws, forest types, invasive species, ecological importance, and advanced biodiversity questions frequently asked in Assam competitive examinations.
Assam Biodiversity MCQs with Answers (Part 3: Questions 21–30)
Continue your comprehensive preparation with Questions 21–30 on Assam Biodiversity. These MCQs are specially designed for APSC, ADRE, Assam Police, Assam TET, Grade III & Grade IV, SSC, Railway, Banking, and other competitive examinations.
Q21. Which of the following is the newest National Park in Assam?
A. Kaziranga National Park
B. Raimona National Park
C. Orang National Park
D. Nameri National Park
✅ Correct Answer: B. Raimona National Park
Explanation:
Raimona National Park, located in the Kokrajhar district, was declared a National Park in 2021, making it one of the newest national parks in Assam. It is part of the transboundary conservation landscape shared with Bhutan and is known for its rich biodiversity.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Kaziranga National Park ❌ – Declared much earlier.
- B. Raimona National Park ✅ – Correct; among Assam’s newest national parks.
- C. Orang National Park ❌ – Declared earlier.
- D. Nameri National Park ❌ – Established in 1998.
Q22. Which National Park of Assam is famous for birdwatching and river rafting?
A. Nameri National Park
B. Kaziranga National Park
C. Orang National Park
D. Raimona National Park
✅ Correct Answer: A. Nameri National Park
Explanation:
Nameri National Park, situated along the Jia-Bhoroli River, is renowned for its rich birdlife and eco-tourism activities such as birdwatching, rafting, and nature trekking.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Nameri National Park ✅ – Correct.
- B. Kaziranga National Park ❌ – Famous for rhinos.
- C. Orang National Park ❌ – Famous for rhinos and grasslands.
- D. Raimona National Park ❌ – Known for evergreen forests and golden langurs.
Q23. Which Wildlife Sanctuary in Assam is especially famous for the conservation of the Golden Langur?
A. Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary
B. Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary
C. Garampani Wildlife Sanctuary
D. Laokhowa Wildlife Sanctuary
✅ Correct Answer: A. Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary
Explanation:
Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary in western Assam is India’s second protected area established primarily for conserving the Golden Langur, one of the world’s rarest primates.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary ✅ – Correct.
- B. Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary ❌ – Famous for rhinos.
- C. Garampani Wildlife Sanctuary ❌ – Known for hot springs.
- D. Laokhowa Wildlife Sanctuary ❌ – Grassland ecosystem.
Q24. Which of the following mammals is classified as the largest land animal found in Assam?
A. Indian Bison (Gaur)
B. Wild Buffalo
C. Asian Elephant
D. One-Horned Rhinoceros
✅ Correct Answer: C. Asian Elephant
Explanation:
The Asian Elephant is the largest living land mammal found in Assam. Assam supports one of India’s largest elephant populations, distributed across several elephant reserves and protected forests.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Indian Bison (Gaur) ❌ – Large but smaller than elephants.
- B. Wild Buffalo ❌ – Large bovine species.
- C. Asian Elephant ✅ – Correct.
- D. One-Horned Rhinoceros ❌ – Very large, but smaller than elephants.
Q25. Which endangered freshwater mammal is commonly found in the Brahmaputra River?
A. Blue Whale
B. Ganges River Dolphin
C. Dugong
D. Sea Otter
✅ Correct Answer: B. Ganges River Dolphin
Explanation:
The Ganges River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica) inhabits the Brahmaputra and its tributaries. It is an indicator of a healthy freshwater ecosystem and is protected under Indian wildlife laws.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Blue Whale ❌ – Marine mammal.
- B. Ganges River Dolphin ✅ – Correct.
- C. Dugong ❌ – Marine mammal found in coastal waters.
- D. Sea Otter ❌ – Not found in Assam.
Q26. Which Act provides the primary legal framework for wildlife conservation in Assam and the rest of India?
A. Forest Conservation Act, 1980
B. Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
C. Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
D. Biological Diversity Act, 2002
✅ Correct Answer: B. Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
Explanation:
The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 is India’s principal legislation for protecting wild animals, birds, plants, and protected areas such as national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Forest Conservation Act, 1980 ❌ – Regulates diversion of forest land.
- B. Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 ✅ – Correct.
- C. Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 ❌ – Broad environmental law.
- D. Biological Diversity Act, 2002 ❌ – Focuses on biodiversity conservation and sustainable use.
Q27. Which of the following is NOT a National Park in Assam?
A. Kaziranga
B. Dibru-Saikhowa
C. Pobitora
D. Dehing Patkai
✅ Correct Answer: C. Pobitora
Explanation:
Pobitora is a Wildlife Sanctuary, not a National Park. It is internationally known for its dense population of the One-Horned Rhinoceros.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Kaziranga ❌ – National Park.
- B. Dibru-Saikhowa ❌ – National Park.
- C. Pobitora ✅ – Correct; Wildlife Sanctuary.
- D. Dehing Patkai ❌ – National Park.
Q28. Which forest type covers a major portion of Assam’s natural vegetation?
A. Thorn Forest
B. Alpine Forest
C. Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest
D. Desert Scrub
✅ Correct Answer: C. Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest
Explanation:
Although Assam also contains tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, tropical moist deciduous forests occupy a significant portion of the state’s natural vegetation and support diverse wildlife.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Thorn Forest ❌ – Found in dry regions.
- B. Alpine Forest ❌ – Found in high Himalayan regions.
- C. Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest ✅ – Correct.
- D. Desert Scrub ❌ – Not found in Assam.
Q29. Why is biodiversity important for Assam?
A. It supports agriculture, climate regulation, tourism, and ecological balance.
B. It only supports tourism.
C. It is useful only for forests.
D. It has no economic importance.
✅ Correct Answer: A. It supports agriculture, climate regulation, tourism, and ecological balance.
Explanation:
Assam’s biodiversity provides ecosystem services such as pollination, soil conservation, flood regulation, carbon storage, fisheries, forest products, eco-tourism, and livelihoods for local communities.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Supports agriculture, climate regulation, tourism, and ecological balance ✅ – Correct.
- B. Only tourism ❌ – Biodiversity has many other benefits.
- C. Only forests ❌ – Benefits all ecosystems and people.
- D. No economic importance ❌ – Biodiversity has immense ecological and economic value.
Q30. Which of the following is the most effective long-term strategy for conserving Assam’s biodiversity?
A. Large-scale deforestation
B. Habitat conservation, community participation, and strict enforcement of wildlife laws
C. Uncontrolled mining in forest areas
D. Expansion of settlements inside protected forests
✅ Correct Answer: B. Habitat conservation, community participation, and strict enforcement of wildlife laws
Explanation:
Conserving biodiversity requires protecting natural habitats, involving local communities in conservation, preventing poaching and illegal logging, restoring degraded ecosystems, and effectively implementing environmental laws.
Option-wise Explanation:
- A. Large-scale deforestation ❌ – Destroys biodiversity.
- B. Habitat conservation, community participation, and strict enforcement of wildlife laws ✅ – Correct.
- C. Uncontrolled mining ❌ – Damages ecosystems.
- D. Expansion of settlements inside protected forests ❌ – Leads to habitat fragmentation and human-wildlife conflict.
Quick Revision (Questions 21–30)
| Topic | Key Fact |
|---|---|
| Newest National Park | Raimona National Park |
| Birdwatching & River Rafting | Nameri National Park |
| Golden Langur Sanctuary | Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary |
| Largest Land Mammal | Asian Elephant |
| Freshwater Mammal | Ganges River Dolphin |
| Main Wildlife Law | Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 |
| Pobitora | Wildlife Sanctuary (Not a National Park) |
| Major Forest Type | Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest |
| Importance of Biodiversity | Ecological balance, agriculture, tourism, climate regulation |
| Best Conservation Strategy | Habitat protection, community participation, and law enforcement |
Assam Biodiversity: One-Glance Exam Facts
- Biodiversity Hotspot: Indo-Burma
- State Animal: One-Horned Rhinoceros
- State Bird: White-winged Wood Duck
- State Tree: Hollong
- State Flower: Foxtail Orchid (Kopou Phool)
- UNESCO World Heritage National Parks: Kaziranga and Manas
- Newest National Park: Raimona
- Amazon of the East: Dehing Patkai National Park
- Mini Kaziranga: Orang National Park
- Highest Rhino Density: Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary
- India’s Only Ape in Assam: Hoolock Gibbon
- Largest Freshwater Lake: Son Beel
- Important Ramsar Wetland: Deepor Beel
- Major Threats: Habitat loss, deforestation, poaching, pollution, invasive species, and climate change
These 30 MCQs provide a strong conceptual foundation and cover many of the biodiversity-related topics frequently asked in APSC, ADRE, Assam Police, Assam TET, Grade III & IV, SSC, Railway, Banking, and other competitive examinations.
