Chapter 1: Reproduction in Organism – MCQs
🧬 Reproduction in Organisms – MCQs (Part 1: Q1–Q25)
Q1. Which of the following is a defining feature of reproduction?
a) Growth
b) Replacement of old cells
c) Formation of new individuals
d) Movement
Answer: c) Formation of new individuals
👉 Growth and repair are life processes, but reproduction is specifically the process by which organisms produce new individuals of the same kind.
Q2. Binary fission occurs in:
a) Amoeba
b) Hydra
c) Spirogyra
d) Yeast
Answer: a) Amoeba
👉 Amoeba reproduces by simple binary fission, where the parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
Q3. Vegetative propagation is a type of:
a) Sexual reproduction
b) Asexual reproduction
c) Amphimixis
d) Cross-fertilization
Answer: b) Asexual reproduction
👉 Vegetative propagation occurs without gametes, hence classified under asexual reproduction.
Q4. Which of the following organisms reproduces by budding?
a) Amoeba
b) Hydra
c) Paramecium
d) Euglena
Answer: b) Hydra
👉 In Hydra, small outgrowths (buds) develop into new individuals.
Q5. The period from birth to the natural death of an organism is known as:
a) Life cycle
b) Life span
c) Generation time
d) Growth period
Answer: b) Life span
👉 Life span is the time between birth and natural death.
Q6. Longest life span is found in:
a) Parrot
b) Whale
c) Giant Sequoia
d) Tortoise
Answer: c) Giant Sequoia
👉 Giant Sequoia trees live for more than 3000 years.
Q7. Which of the following is true regarding lifespan of organisms?
a) Lifespan is fixed for each species
b) All organisms have the same lifespan
c) Reproduction determines lifespan
d) Lifespan increases with body size
Answer: a) Lifespan is fixed for each species
👉 Each species has a characteristic lifespan, independent of size or reproductive capacity.
Q8. Which one of the following shows both sexual and asexual modes of reproduction?
a) Amoeba
b) Yeast
c) Hydra
d) Plasmodium
Answer: d) Plasmodium
👉 Plasmodium reproduces asexually by schizogony and sexually in the mosquito host.
Q9. Potato tuber represents which type of reproduction?
a) Sexual
b) Vegetative
c) Budding
d) Sporulation
Answer: b) Vegetative
👉 Potato tubers reproduce vegetatively through ‘eyes’ or buds.
Q10. Which of the following is a feature of sexual reproduction?
a) Involves single parent
b) Involves gametes
c) No genetic variation
d) Found only in animals
Answer: b) Involves gametes
👉 Sexual reproduction requires male and female gametes, leading to genetic variation.
Q11. External fertilization is commonly seen in:
a) Reptiles
b) Mammals
c) Amphibians
d) Birds
Answer: c) Amphibians
👉 Amphibians like frogs exhibit external fertilization in water.
Q12. Which type of reproduction results in offspring genetically identical to the parent?
a) Sexual reproduction
b) Asexual reproduction
c) Fertilization
d) Cross-pollination
Answer: b) Asexual reproduction
👉 No gametic fusion occurs, hence no variation—offspring are clones.
Q13. The process of gamete formation is known as:
a) Syngamy
b) Fertilization
c) Gametogenesis
d) Oogenesis
Answer: c) Gametogenesis
👉 Gametogenesis is the process of gamete formation in organisms.
Q14. Oviparous animals are those which:
a) Give birth to young ones
b) Lay eggs
c) Produce both eggs and young ones
d) None of these
Answer: b) Lay eggs
👉 Oviparous animals like birds and reptiles lay eggs that hatch outside the mother’s body.
Q15. Which one is an example of a unisexual flower?
a) Hibiscus
b) Mustard
c) Papaya
d) Rose
Answer: c) Papaya
👉 Papaya has separate male and female flowers (unisexual).
Q16. Zygote represents:
a) Haploid stage
b) Diploid stage
c) Triploid stage
d) Polyploid stage
Answer: b) Diploid stage
👉 Zygote forms by the fusion of haploid male and female gametes, making it diploid.
Q17. Bryophyllum reproduces vegetatively through:
a) Leaf buds
b) Stem nodes
c) Roots
d) Tubers
Answer: a) Leaf buds
👉 Bryophyllum leaves bear adventitious buds on margins, forming new plants.
Q18. A true regeneration (restoration of lost part) is seen in:
a) Amoeba
b) Hydra
c) Planaria
d) Spirogyra
Answer: c) Planaria
👉 Planaria can regenerate its entire body from small fragments.
Q19. Which organism shows binary fission in a definite orientation?
a) Amoeba
b) Paramecium
c) Hydra
d) Euglena
Answer: b) Paramecium
👉 Paramecium divides transversely in a definite orientation.
Q20. Which of the following is a seasonal breeder?
a) Humans
b) Dogs
c) Lions
d) Elephants
Answer: b) Dogs
👉 Seasonal breeders reproduce only during specific seasons, unlike humans (continuous breeders).
Q21. Which of the following describes the life span of organisms correctly?
a) It is directly proportional to body size
b) It varies widely among species
c) It depends only on environment
d) It increases with age
Answer: b) It varies widely among species
👉 Lifespan is species-specific; may be a few hours (mayfly) to thousands of years (Sequoia).
Q22. Which plant reproduces by fragmentation?
a) Potato
b) Spirogyra
c) Bryophyllum
d) Ginger
Answer: b) Spirogyra
👉 Spirogyra filament breaks into fragments, each growing into a new filament.
Q23. Which is the main advantage of sexual reproduction?
a) No need for gametes
b) Produces clones
c) Genetic variation
d) Requires single parent
Answer: c) Genetic variation
👉 Sexual reproduction promotes variation, crucial for evolution.
Q24. Which of the following organisms reproduces by multiple fission?
a) Amoeba
b) Yeast
c) Plasmodium
d) Hydra
Answer: c) Plasmodium
👉 In Plasmodium, multiple fission produces many daughter cells simultaneously.
Q25. Which group of organisms reproduces mainly by spore formation?
a) Algae, Fungi, Bryophytes
b) Amoeba, Hydra, Yeast
c) Worms, Insects, Fishes
d) Birds, Mammals, Reptiles
Answer: a) Algae, Fungi, Bryophytes
👉 They reproduce through spores (zoospores, asexual spores).
🧬 Reproduction in Organisms – MCQs (Part 2: Q26–Q50)
Q26. Which is the most common and simple asexual reproductive method?
a) Budding
b) Fragmentation
c) Binary fission
d) Sporulation
Answer: c) Binary fission
👉 It is the simplest and most common type of asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms.
Q27. Which of the following statements about reproduction is correct?
a) It is essential for survival of an organism
b) It ensures continuity of species
c) It increases lifespan of individuals
d) It is same in all organisms
Answer: b) It ensures continuity of species
👉 Reproduction is not essential for individual survival but ensures species continuity.
Q28. Which one of the following has the shortest life span?
a) Butterfly
b) Crow
c) Rice plant
d) Mayfly
Answer: d) Mayfly
👉 Mayflies live for only a few hours, making them one of the shortest-lived species.
Q29. Which of the following organisms is homothallic?
a) Chlamydomonas
b) Spirogyra
c) Yeast
d) Fucus
Answer: c) Yeast
👉 Homothallic organisms are self-fertile; Yeast can reproduce sexually without another mating type.
Q30. Sexual reproduction involves:
a) Only mitosis
b) Only meiosis
c) Both meiosis and fertilization
d) Budding
Answer: c) Both meiosis and fertilization
👉 Gamete formation requires meiosis, and union of gametes (syngamy) requires fertilization.
Q31. The lifespan of a crow is approximately:
a) 15 years
b) 30 years
c) 50 years
d) 2 years
Answer: a) 15 years
👉 The average lifespan of a crow is about 15 years.
Q32. Which plant reproduces through rhizomes?
a) Potato
b) Ginger
c) Onion
d) Bryophyllum
Answer: b) Ginger
👉 Ginger has underground rhizomes for vegetative propagation.
Q33. Which is an ovoviviparous animal?
a) Frog
b) Snake
c) Whale
d) Bird
Answer: b) Snake
👉 Ovoviviparous animals produce eggs that hatch inside the mother’s body (e.g., some snakes, sharks).
Q34. Which process restores diploid condition in sexual reproduction?
a) Meiosis
b) Fertilization
c) Mitosis
d) Gametogenesis
Answer: b) Fertilization
👉 Fertilization (syngamy) fuses haploid gametes, restoring diploidy.
Q35. Which plant reproduces through bulbils?
a) Agave
b) Ginger
c) Potato
d) Rose
Answer: a) Agave
👉 Agave reproduces vegetatively via bulbils that form in the axil of leaves.
Q36. Zygotic meiosis is seen in:
a) Fucus
b) Chlamydomonas
c) Ulothrix
d) All of these
Answer: d) All of these
👉 In these algae, zygote undergoes meiosis to form haploid individuals.
Q37. Which statement about gametes is correct?
a) They are diploid
b) They are formed by mitosis
c) They are haploid
d) Found only in animals
Answer: c) They are haploid
👉 Gametes are always haploid, formed by meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms.
Q38. Which one is a continuous breeder?
a) Humans
b) Frogs
c) Dogs
d) Deer
Answer: a) Humans
👉 Humans can reproduce throughout the year, unlike seasonal breeders.
Q39. The process of development of a new organism without fertilization is called:
a) Apomixis
b) Amphimixis
c) Syngamy
d) Gametogenesis
Answer: a) Apomixis
👉 Apomixis = asexual reproduction that mimics sexual reproduction but without fertilization.
Q40. The lifespan of banyan tree is about:
a) 10 years
b) 100 years
c) 200–300 years
d) More than 1000 years
Answer: d) More than 1000 years
👉 Banyan trees are long-lived, surviving for over a thousand years.
Q41. Which one shows sporulation?
a) Yeast
b) Amoeba
c) Mucor
d) Hydra
Answer: c) Mucor
👉 Mucor reproduces by spore formation (sporulation).
Q42. Which of the following is viviparous?
a) Birds
b) Reptiles
c) Mammals
d) Amphibians
Answer: c) Mammals
👉 Mammals give birth to young ones, i.e., they are viviparous.
Q43. Which part of moss plants helps in vegetative propagation?
a) Rhizoids
b) Leafy buds
c) Sporophyte
d) Capsule
Answer: b) Leafy buds
👉 Mosses reproduce vegetatively by leafy buds and fragmentation.
Q44. In asexual reproduction, variation is:
a) Absent
b) Very high
c) Due to recombination
d) Due to meiosis
Answer: a) Absent
👉 Offspring are genetically identical to the parent (clones).
Q45. Which type of fertilization occurs in birds?
a) External fertilization
b) Internal fertilization
c) Both internal and external
d) None
Answer: b) Internal fertilization
👉 Fertilization in birds takes place inside the female body.
Q46. Which organism reproduces by binary fission in an irregular plane?
a) Amoeba
b) Paramecium
c) Euglena
d) Plasmodium
Answer: a) Amoeba
👉 Amoeba divides by binary fission in any plane (irregular).
Q47. The lifespan of rice plant is approximately:
a) Few days
b) Few months
c) Few years
d) Decades
Answer: b) Few months
👉 Rice plants complete their life cycle within 3–4 months.
Q48. The period of reproductive maturity in organisms is known as:
a) Juvenile phase
b) Vegetative phase
c) Reproductive phase
d) Senescent phase
Answer: c) Reproductive phase
👉 After attaining maturity, organisms enter reproductive phase for producing offspring.
Q49. Which plant reproduces by sucker?
a) Banana
b) Potato
c) Onion
d) Rose
Answer: a) Banana
👉 Banana plants reproduce vegetatively by suckers (underground shoots).
Q50. Which process leads to genetic recombination?
a) Asexual reproduction
b) Sexual reproduction
c) Binary fission
d) Budding
Answer: b) Sexual reproduction
👉 Genetic recombination and variation occur due to fusion of gametes in sexual reproduction.
🧬 Reproduction in Organisms – MCQs (Part 3: Q51–Q75)
Q51. Which organism reproduces by transverse binary fission?
a) Amoeba
b) Paramecium
c) Plasmodium
d) Yeast
Answer: b) Paramecium
👉 Paramecium divides transversely across the short axis of the body.
Q52. Which type of reproduction maintains the purity of the race?
a) Sexual reproduction
b) Asexual reproduction
c) Vegetative propagation
d) Cross-pollination
Answer: b) Asexual reproduction
👉 Asexual reproduction produces clones without introducing variations, maintaining race purity.
Q53. Internal fertilization occurs in:
a) Amphibians
b) Mammals
c) Algae
d) Fishes
Answer: b) Mammals
👉 In mammals, gametes fuse inside the female reproductive tract.
Q54. Which of the following reproduces by budding in yeast-like manner?
a) Hydra
b) Amoeba
c) Sponge
d) Yeast
Answer: d) Yeast
👉 Yeast reproduces asexually by budding, where a small outgrowth develops into a new cell.
Q55. Which is the most important feature of sexual reproduction?
a) Single parent required
b) Genetic recombination
c) No gamete formation
d) No variation
Answer: b) Genetic recombination
👉 Variation due to recombination is the hallmark of sexual reproduction.
Q56. Life span of elephant is approximately:
a) 20 years
b) 40 years
c) 60–70 years
d) 120 years
Answer: c) 60–70 years
👉 Elephants live on average 60–70 years.
Q57. Which reproductive strategy ensures rapid multiplication in favorable conditions?
a) Sexual reproduction
b) Asexual reproduction
c) Cross fertilization
d) Self-pollination
Answer: b) Asexual reproduction
👉 Asexual methods allow quick multiplication without mate requirement.
Q58. In which of the following does gamete formation involve meiosis?
a) Asexual reproduction
b) Sexual reproduction
c) Binary fission
d) Budding
Answer: b) Sexual reproduction
👉 Gametes are haploid and formed by meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms.
Q59. Fertilization outside the body of the female is called:
a) Cross fertilization
b) External fertilization
c) Internal fertilization
d) Double fertilization
Answer: b) External fertilization
👉 External fertilization occurs in aquatic organisms like frogs and fishes.
Q60. The reproductive units of yeast during asexual reproduction are called:
a) Conidia
b) Buds
c) Zoospores
d) Binary cells
Answer: b) Buds
👉 In yeast, buds detach and grow into new organisms.
Q61. Which one of the following is NOT a method of vegetative reproduction?
a) Cutting
b) Grafting
c) Sporulation
d) Layering
Answer: c) Sporulation
👉 Sporulation is asexual reproduction, not vegetative propagation.
Q62. The mode of reproduction in spirogyra is:
a) Binary fission
b) Fragmentation and conjugation
c) Budding
d) Multiple fission
Answer: b) Fragmentation and conjugation
👉 Spirogyra reproduces asexually by fragmentation and sexually by conjugation.
Q63. Which group reproduces by conjugation?
a) Algae and fungi
b) Bacteria and algae
c) Fungi and amoeba
d) Viruses
Answer: a) Algae and fungi
👉 Conjugation is a sexual process observed in Spirogyra (algae) and Mucor (fungi).
Q64. Which type of gametes are produced in oogamy?
a) Morphologically similar gametes
b) Both motile
c) One large immobile, one small motile
d) Both non-motile
Answer: c) One large immobile, one small motile
👉 Oogamy involves dissimilar gametes: egg (large, immotile) and sperm (small, motile).
Q65. Which organism reproduces by gemmules?
a) Hydra
b) Yeast
c) Sponges
d) Moss
Answer: c) Sponges
👉 Sponges produce internal buds called gemmules for asexual reproduction.
Q66. Which type of reproduction results in a zygote?
a) Asexual reproduction
b) Sexual reproduction
c) Vegetative propagation
d) Budding
Answer: b) Sexual reproduction
👉 Zygote forms only by syngamy of gametes.
Q67. Which one shows regeneration by morphallaxis?
a) Planaria
b) Amoeba
c) Euglena
d) Paramecium
Answer: a) Planaria
👉 Planaria regenerates body parts by morphallaxis (restructuring of tissues).
Q68. The period between two reproductive phases of life is called:
a) Senescence
b) Juvenile phase
c) Reproductive phase
d) Dormant phase
Answer: b) Juvenile phase
👉 Juvenile phase precedes reproductive maturity.
Q69. The fusion of male and female gametes is termed:
a) Embryogenesis
b) Syngamy
c) Gametogenesis
d) Parthenogenesis
Answer: b) Syngamy
👉 Syngamy = gametic fusion → zygote formation.
Q70. The reproductive cycle in an organism is known as:
a) Life cycle
b) Growth cycle
c) Fertilization cycle
d) Regeneration cycle
Answer: a) Life cycle
👉 Life cycle = entire sequence of events from birth → reproduction → death.
Q71. Which of the following animals is polyembryonic?
a) Armadillo
b) Rabbit
c) Elephant
d) Whale
Answer: a) Armadillo
👉 Armadillos naturally produce multiple embryos from a single zygote.
Q72. Which type of reproduction is fast but lacks genetic variation?
a) Sexual reproduction
b) Cross-pollination
c) Asexual reproduction
d) Amphimixis
Answer: c) Asexual reproduction
👉 Quick multiplication but produces clones.
Q73. Which of the following describes vivipary in plants?
a) Seed formation after fertilization
b) Seeds germinate while still attached to parent plant
c) Development of embryo without fertilization
d) Bud formation on leaves
Answer: b) Seeds germinate while still attached to parent plant
👉 Seen in mangroves (e.g., Rhizophora).
Q74. Which type of reproduction leads to evolutionary adaptation?
a) Asexual
b) Sexual
c) Vegetative
d) Fragmentation
Answer: b) Sexual
👉 Sexual reproduction introduces variation, crucial for evolution.
Q75. Which organism reproduces by binary fission in longitudinal plane?
a) Amoeba
b) Euglena
c) Paramecium
d) Plasmodium
Answer: b) Euglena
👉 Euglena divides longitudinally during binary fission.
🧬 Reproduction in Organisms – MCQs (Part 4: Q76–Q100)
Q76. The reproductive strategy of producing a large number of offspring with little parental care is common in:
a) Mammals
b) Birds
c) Fishes and Amphibians
d) Reptiles
Answer: c) Fishes and Amphibians
👉 They lay thousands of eggs (external fertilization) but provide little to no care.
Q77. Which one reproduces by multiple fission inside RBCs of humans?
a) Amoeba
b) Plasmodium
c) Hydra
d) Yeast
Answer: b) Plasmodium
👉 In humans, Plasmodium multiplies inside RBCs by schizogony (multiple fission).
Q78. Which plant shows vegetative propagation by stolons?
a) Strawberry
b) Ginger
c) Onion
d) Sweet potato
Answer: a) Strawberry
👉 Strawberry spreads and reproduces by stolons (creeping stems).
Q79. In asexual reproduction, the progeny formed are genetically:
a) Similar to parents
b) Different from parents
c) Half like mother, half like father
d) None of these
Answer: a) Similar to parents
👉 They are clones, genetically identical to the parent.
Q80. In flowering plants, meiosis occurs during formation of:
a) Gametes
b) Gametophytes
c) Spores
d) Zygote
Answer: c) Spores
👉 Meiosis produces haploid spores, which develop into gametophytes.
Q81. Which of the following reproduces by fragmentation naturally?
a) Hydra
b) Planaria
c) Spirogyra
d) Yeast
Answer: c) Spirogyra
👉 The filament breaks into fragments, each growing into a new filament.
Q82. The fusion of similar gametes is called:
a) Oogamy
b) Isogamy
c) Anisogamy
d) Autogamy
Answer: b) Isogamy
👉 Gametes are morphologically similar but fuse to form a zygote.
Q83. Which organism reproduces by conidia?
a) Amoeba
b) Yeast
c) Penicillium
d) Spirogyra
Answer: c) Penicillium
👉 Penicillium reproduces asexually by producing conidia (non-motile spores).
Q84. Which of the following is NOT true for sexual reproduction?
a) Fusion of gametes
b) Genetic recombination
c) Requires meiosis
d) Produces clones
Answer: d) Produces clones
👉 Sexual reproduction produces genetically different offspring, not clones.
Q85. Which one is a seasonal breeder among the following?
a) Humans
b) Cows
c) Deer
d) Elephants
Answer: c) Deer
👉 Deer reproduce only during specific breeding seasons.
Q86. In which group of plants is vegetative reproduction commonly exploited by farmers?
a) Angiosperms
b) Bryophytes
c) Gymnosperms
d) Pteridophytes
Answer: a) Angiosperms
👉 Farmers use vegetative propagation in angiosperms like potato, sugarcane, banana.
Q87. The life span of a parrot is approximately:
a) 15 years
b) 30–60 years
c) 2 years
d) Few months
Answer: b) 30–60 years
👉 Parrots are long-lived birds, surviving up to 60 years.
Q88. Which organism shows both sexual and asexual reproduction depending on conditions?
a) Hydra
b) Yeast
c) Paramecium
d) All of these
Answer: d) All of these
👉 Many organisms switch modes: Hydra (budding/sexual), Yeast (budding/sporulation), Paramecium (binary fission/conjugation).
Q89. Fertilization in most aquatic animals is:
a) Internal
b) External
c) Viviparous
d) Parthenogenetic
Answer: b) External
👉 Aquatic animals like fishes and frogs release gametes in water for external fertilization.
Q90. Which type of reproduction does NOT involve gamete formation?
a) Sexual reproduction
b) Asexual reproduction
c) Amphimixis
d) Fertilization
Answer: b) Asexual reproduction
👉 Gametes are absent in asexual methods; offspring arise from a single parent.
Q91. Which of the following describes parthenogenesis?
a) Development from zygote
b) Development of embryo from unfertilized egg
c) Fusion of gametes
d) Production of clones
Answer: b) Development of embryo from unfertilized egg
👉 Seen in honeybees, aphids, some lizards and birds.
Q92. The life span of mayfly is about:
a) Few days
b) Few hours
c) Few months
d) Few years
Answer: b) Few hours
👉 Adult mayflies survive only for a few hours.
Q93. In algae like Ulothrix, gametes are:
a) Isogametes
b) Oogametes
c) Anisogametes
d) Non-motile gametes
Answer: a) Isogametes
👉 In Ulothrix, gametes are morphologically identical (isogamous).
Q94. Which one reproduces by sporangiospores?
a) Mucor
b) Yeast
c) Hydra
d) Amoeba
Answer: a) Mucor
👉 Mucor produces non-motile spores inside sporangia.
Q95. Which type of fertilization ensures internal development and parental care?
a) External fertilization
b) Internal fertilization
c) Vegetative reproduction
d) Multiple fission
Answer: b) Internal fertilization
👉 Found in mammals, reptiles, birds—allows better protection and care of the embryo.
Q96. Which one is an example of anisogamy?
a) Spirogyra
b) Chlamydomonas
c) Fucus
d) Ulothrix
Answer: b) Chlamydomonas
👉 In some species of Chlamydomonas, gametes differ in size (anisogamy).
Q97. Which process is responsible for genetic stability across generations in sexual reproduction?
a) Meiosis
b) Fertilization
c) Crossing over
d) Mutation
Answer: b) Fertilization
👉 Fertilization restores diploid number, ensuring genetic stability.
Q98. Which one of the following is viviparous among reptiles?
a) Cobra
b) Garden lizard
c) Some species of lizards
d) Crocodile
Answer: c) Some species of lizards
👉 A few reptiles (like certain lizards and snakes) are viviparous.
Q99. Which mode of reproduction is most primitive evolutionarily?
a) Sexual reproduction
b) Asexual reproduction
c) Vegetative propagation
d) Double fertilization
Answer: b) Asexual reproduction
👉 Asexual reproduction is the most ancient and simplest mode of multiplication.
Q100. In higher plants, the juvenile phase is followed by:
a) Senescent phase
b) Reproductive phase
c) Dormancy
d) Death
Answer: b) Reproductive phase
👉 After juvenile growth, plants enter reproductive maturity for flowering and seed formation.
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