🧬 Reproduction in Organisms – MCQs (Part 1: Q1–Q25) Q1. Which of the following is a defining feature of reproduction? a) Growth b) Replacement of old cells c) Formation of new individuals d) Movement Answer: c) Formation of new individuals 👉 Growth and repair are life processes, but reproduction is …

🌱 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants – MCQs Part 1: Questions 1–25 Q1. In angiosperms, the male gametophyte is represented by: a) Microspore mother cell b) Pollen grain c) Anther d) Stamen ✅ Answer: b) Pollen grain Explanation: The pollen grain (microspore) develops into the male gametophyte in flowering plants, …

🧬 Human Reproduction – MCQs Part 1: Questions 1–25 Q1. The male reproductive system is called: a) Ovary b) Testis c) Testes + accessory ducts and glands d) Vas deferens ✅ Answer: c) Testes + accessory ducts and glands Explanation: The male reproductive system includes testes, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory …

🟢 Part 1: MCQs on Reproductive Health (Q1–Q25) Q1. Which of the following is the main objective of reproductive health? a) Increase population growth b) Prevent sexually transmitted diseases c) Ensure safe pregnancy and childbirth d) Both b and c Answer: d) Both b and c Explanation: Reproductive health ensures …

🟢 Part 1: Principles of Inheritance and Variation (Q1–Q25) Q1. Who is considered the father of genetics? a) Charles Darwin b) Gregor Mendel c) Hugo de Vries d) Alfred Wallace Answer: b) Gregor Mendel Explanation: Mendel is regarded as the father of genetics for his experiments on pea plants and …

🟢 Part 1: Molecular Basis of Inheritance (Q1–Q25) Q1. DNA was identified as the transforming principle by a) Hershey and Chase b) Griffith c) Avery, MacLeod, McCarty d) Watson and Crick Answer: c) Avery, MacLeod, McCarty Explanation: They purified the transforming principle from Griffith’s experiment and showed DNase destroys activity …

🟢 Part 1: Evolution (Q1–Q25) Q1. The theory of natural selection was proposed by a) Lamarck b) Darwin and Wallace c) Weismann d) De Vries Answer: b) Darwin and Wallace Explanation: Both independently conceived natural selection; Darwin detailed it in On the Origin of Species (1859). Q2. “Use and disuse” …

🟢 Part 1: Human Health and Disease (Q1–Q25) Q1. The causative agent of malaria is a) Plasmodium b) Entamoeba histolytica c) Trypanosoma d) Leishmania Answer: a) Plasmodium Explanation: Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium (vivax, falciparum, malariae, ovale). Q2. Which mosquito transmits malaria? a) Culex b) …

🟢 Part 1: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production (Q1–Q25) Q1. The process of crossing two genetically different organisms to produce improved varieties is called a) Hybridization b) Mutation c) Polyploidy d) Tissue culture Answer: a) Hybridization Explanation: Hybridization combines desirable traits from two parents, e.g., disease resistance + high …

🟢 Part 1: Microbes in Human Welfare (Q1–Q25) Q1. Curd formation from milk is mainly carried out by a) Saccharomyces cerevisiae b) Lactobacillus c) Penicillium d) Rhizobium Answer: b) Lactobacillus Explanation: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) ferment lactose to lactic acid, coagulating milk proteins to form curd. Q2. The microorganism used …

🟢 Part 1: Biotechnology – Principles and Processes (Q1–Q25) Q1. The first step in recombinant DNA technology is usually a) Ligation b) Isolation of DNA c) Transformation d) Screening Answer: b) Isolation of DNA Explanation: Pure, intact DNA from source and vector is needed before cutting and joining. Q2. Which …

🟢 Part 1: Biotechnology and Its Applications (Q1–Q25) Q1. The first FDA-approved recombinant human therapeutic was a) Human growth hormone b) Interferon-α c) Insulin (Humulin) d) Erythropoietin Answer: c) Insulin (Humulin) Explanation: rDNA insulin (1982) was the first widely approved recombinant drug. Q2. Bt cotton resists insect attack due to …

🟢 Organisms and Populations (Q1–Q25) Q1. Ecology is the study of a) Cells b) Tissues c) Organisms in relation to their environment d) Evolution Answer: c) Organisms in relation to their environment Explanation: Ecology deals with interactions between organisms and their physical/biological environment. Q2. The functional unit of ecology is …

🌱 Ecosystem MCQs (Part 1: Q1–Q25) Q1. The functional unit of ecology is: a) Community b) Ecosystem ✅ c) Population d) Species Explanation: An ecosystem includes both biotic and abiotic components and their interactions, making it the basic functional unit of ecology. Q2. In an ecosystem, producers are: a) Herbivores …

🌱 Biodiversity & Conservation Part 1: Q1–Q25 Q1. The term ‘biodiversity’ refers to: a) Variety of ecosystems b) Variety of species c) Genetic variation within species d) All of the above ✅ Explanation: Biodiversity includes diversity at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. Q2. Which of the following is a “hotspot …

🌍 Environmental Issues – MCQs Part 1: Q1–Q25 Q1. The major cause of ozone depletion is emission of: a) CO₂ b) CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) ✅ c) SO₂ d) NO₂ Explanation: CFCs release chlorine radicals in the stratosphere that catalyze the breakdown of ozone (O₃). Q2. The protocol to control ozone-depleting substances …