Electrostatics deals with the study of electric charges at rest and the forces, fields, and potentials they produce. In this section, students learn key concepts like Coulomb’s law, electric field and field lines, electric potential, and capacitance. It builds a strong conceptual and numerical foundation essential for board exams and competitive physics preparation, strictly based on CBSE and NCERT guidelines.

Current Electricity focuses on the flow of electric charges in conductors and the laws governing electric circuits. Key topics include Ohm’s law, resistance, resistivity, drift velocity, electrical power, and Kirchhoff’s rules. This section strengthens numerical problem-solving and circuit analysis skills, as prescribed by CBSE and NCERT.

This section explores how electric current produces magnetic fields and how magnetic forces act on moving charges and conductors. Key concepts include Biot–Savart law, Ampere’s law, force on a current-carrying conductor, moving coil galvanometer, and properties of magnetic materials. It builds conceptual clarity and numerical skills as per CBSE and NCERT guidelines.

This section explains how changing magnetic fields induce electric current and the principles governing AC circuits. Core topics include Faraday’s laws, Lenz’s law, self and mutual inductance, AC voltage/current, reactance, impedance, and power factor. It develops conceptual understanding and numerical aptitude in line with CBSE and NCERT.

This section covers the nature and properties of electromagnetic waves produced by accelerating charges. Students study Maxwell’s concept, characteristics of EM waves, and the complete electromagnetic spectrum with its uses. It strengthens conceptual understanding as per CBSE and NCERT guidelines.

This section deals with the behavior of light through reflection, refraction, and wave phenomena. It covers ray optics, optical instruments, and wave optics topics like interference, diffraction, and polarisation. The unit builds strong conceptual and numerical skills as per CBSE and NCERT guidelines.

This section explains the wave–particle duality of light and matter. Key topics include the photoelectric effect, Einstein’s explanation, and de Broglie wavelength, forming a bridge between classical and modern physics as per CBSE and NCERT guidelines.

This section introduces semiconductor physics and basic electronic components. Key topics include PN junction diodes, transistors, rectifiers, logic gates, and digital electronics—focusing on practical applications and circuit understanding as per CBSE and NCERT guidelines.

This section emphasizes practical understanding of physics through experiments and data analysis. It includes error analysis, graph interpretation, circuit diagrams, case-based questions, and competency-based MCQs, strengthening application skills as per CBSE and NCERT guidelines.