🧬 Cell – Structure and Functions (Class 8 Science)

Part 1: Q1–Q25

Q1. Who discovered the cell?

A) Robert Hooke
B) Leeuwenhoek
C) Robert Brown
D) Schleiden

✅ Correct Answer: A) Robert Hooke

Explanation:

• A) ✔ Robert Hooke (1665) observed cork cells under microscope.
• B) Leeuwenhoek – First observed living cells.
• C) Robert Brown – Discovered the nucleus.
• D) Schleiden – Proposed cell theory (plants).

Q2. The basic structural and functional unit of life is:

A) Tissue
B) Organ
C) Cell
D) Organ system

✅ Correct Answer: C) Cell

Explanation:

• A, B, D – Made up of cells.
• C) ✔ Cell is the fundamental unit of life.

Q3. Which scientist discovered the nucleus?

A) Robert Hooke
B) Robert Brown
C) Rudolf Virchow
D) Anton van Leeuwenhoek

✅ Correct Answer: B) Robert Brown

Explanation:

• A) Hooke – Discovered cell.
• B) ✔ Robert Brown (1831) identified nucleus in plant cells.
• C) Virchow – “Cells arise from cells.”
• D) Leeuwenhoek – Living cells.

Q4. Which organelle is called the “powerhouse of the cell”?

A) Ribosome
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Mitochondria
D) Endoplasmic reticulum

✅ Correct Answer: C) Mitochondria

Explanation:

• A) Ribosome – Protein synthesis.
• B) Golgi – Packaging/secretion.
• C) ✔ Mitochondria → energy release (ATP).
• D) ER – Transport.

Q5. Which organelle controls all activities of the cell?

A) Cytoplasm
B) Nucleus
C) Ribosome
D) Vacuole

✅ Correct Answer: B) Nucleus

Explanation:

• A) Cytoplasm – Site of reactions.
• B) ✔ Nucleus contains DNA, controls activities.
• C) Ribosome – Protein making.
• D) Vacuole – Storage.

Q6. Which organelle is known as the “suicidal bag”?

A) Ribosome
B) Lysosome
C) Mitochondria
D) Golgi apparatus

✅ Correct Answer: B) Lysosome

Explanation:

• A, C, D – Other functions.
• B) ✔ Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes; destroy cell if ruptured.

Q7. Plant cells are different from animal cells because they have:

A) Cell wall
B) Nucleus
C) Cytoplasm
D) Mitochondria

✅ Correct Answer: A) Cell wall

Explanation:

• A) ✔ Present in plant cells, absent in animals.
• B, C, D – Common in both.

Q8. Which of these is a single-celled organism?

A) Fish
B) Amoeba
C) Frog
D) Mango tree

✅ Correct Answer: B) Amoeba

Explanation:

• A, C, D – Multicellular.
• B) ✔ Amoeba is unicellular.

Q9. Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

A) Ribosome
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Lysosome
D) Vacuole

✅ Correct Answer: A) Ribosome

Explanation:

• A) ✔ Ribosomes make proteins.
• B, C, D – Other functions.

Q10. In which part of the cell is the chromosome found?

A) Cytoplasm
B) Vacuole
C) Nucleus
D) Cell wall

✅ Correct Answer: C) Nucleus

Explanation:

• A, B, D – Chromosomes not found.
• C) ✔ Chromosomes are in the nucleus, carry DNA.

Q11. What is the jelly-like substance inside the cell?

A) Cytoplasm
B) Nucleoplasm
C) Vacuole
D) Protoplasm

✅ Correct Answer: A) Cytoplasm

Explanation:

• A) ✔ Cytoplasm surrounds organelles.
• B) Nucleoplasm – Inside nucleus.
• C) Vacuole – Storage.
• D) Protoplasm – Nucleus + cytoplasm.

Q12. Which of these is a unicellular organism?

A) Hydra
B) Amoeba
C) Earthworm
D) Rose plant

✅ Correct Answer: B) Amoeba

Explanation:

• A, C, D – Multicellular.
• B) ✔ Amoeba = unicellular.

Q13. Which part of plant cell gives it rigidity and shape?

A) Nucleus
B) Cell wall
C) Cytoplasm
D) Mitochondria

✅ Correct Answer: B) Cell wall

Explanation:

• A, C, D – Not for rigidity.
• B) ✔ Cell wall (cellulose) provides shape/support.

Q14. Which organelle is called the “kitchen of the cell”?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) Mitochondria
C) Chloroplast
D) Vacuole

✅ Correct Answer: C) Chloroplast

Explanation:

• A, B, D – Not for photosynthesis.
• C) ✔ Chloroplast makes food by photosynthesis.

Q15. The boundary of animal cells is made up of:

A) Cell wall
B) Cell membrane
C) Cytoplasm
D) Nucleus

✅ Correct Answer: B) Cell membrane

Explanation:

• A) Cell wall – Only in plants.
• B) ✔ Animal cells → cell membrane boundary.
• C, D – Internal parts.

Q16. What are plastids?

A) Energy producers
B) Protein makers
C) Storage organelles in plants
D) Small digestive bodies

✅ Correct Answer: C) Storage organelles in plants

Explanation:

• A, B, D – Not plastids.
• C) ✔ Plastids store starch, pigments (e.g., chloroplast, leucoplast).

Q17. Which scientist proposed “all cells arise from pre-existing cells”?

A) Schleiden
B) Schwann
C) Virchow
D) Hooke

✅ Correct Answer: C) Virchow

Explanation:

• A & B – Proposed cell theory.
• C) ✔ Virchow (1855) added “Omnis cellula e cellula.”
• D) Hooke – Discovered cell.

Q18. Which organelle helps in packaging and transport inside cells?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) Ribosomes
C) Mitochondria
D) Lysosomes

✅ Correct Answer: A) Golgi apparatus

Explanation:

• A) ✔ Golgi packs proteins/lipids for transport.
• B, C, D – Other functions.

Q19. Which organelle is absent in animal cells but present in plant cells?

A) Ribosome
B) Vacuole
C) Chloroplast
D) Nucleus

✅ Correct Answer: C) Chloroplast

Explanation:

• A, B, D – Common in both.
• C) ✔ Chloroplast unique to plants.

Q20. The largest organelle in a plant cell is:

A) Vacuole
B) Nucleus
C) Chloroplast
D) Mitochondria

✅ Correct Answer: A) Vacuole

Explanation:

• A) ✔ Plant cells have a large central vacuole for storage.
• B, C, D – Smaller in comparison.

Q21. Which organelle provides green colour to plants?

A) Chromoplast
B) Chloroplast
C) Leucoplast
D) Nucleus

✅ Correct Answer: B) Chloroplast

Explanation:

• A) Chromoplast – Red/orange pigments.
• B) ✔ Chloroplast contains chlorophyll (green).
• C) Leucoplast – Colourless.
• D) Nucleus – No colour.

Q22. In animal cells, vacuoles are usually:

A) Large
B) Absent
C) Small and temporary
D) Filled with chlorophyll

✅ Correct Answer: C) Small and temporary

Explanation:

• A) Large vacuoles – Plants.
• B) Absent – Not true, present but small.
• C) ✔ Small, temporary → store food/waste.
• D) Chlorophyll – Only in chloroplasts.

Q23. Chromosomes carry:

A) Enzymes
B) Genes
C) Proteins
D) Hormones

✅ Correct Answer: B) Genes

Explanation:

• A, C, D – Not main function.
• B) ✔ Genes = hereditary material in chromosomes.

Q24. Which part of cell is selectively permeable?

A) Cell wall
B) Cell membrane
C) Cytoplasm
D) Nucleus

✅ Correct Answer: B) Cell membrane

Explanation:

• A) Cell wall – Fully permeable.
• B) ✔ Cell membrane controls entry/exit selectively.
• C, D – Not permeable barriers.

Q25. Which organelle is called “cell’s post office”?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) Ribosome
C) Lysosome
D) Mitochondria

✅ Correct Answer: A) Golgi apparatus

Explanation:

• A) ✔ Golgi sorts and packs proteins, like post office.
• B, C, D – Not packaging units.

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