🧬 Cell – Structure and Functions (Class 8 Science)

Part 4: Q76–Q100

Q76. Which part of the cell is responsible for photosynthesis?

A) Ribosome
B) Chloroplast
C) Mitochondria
D) Golgi apparatus

✅ Correct Answer: B) Chloroplast

Explanation:

• A, C, D – Not involved in photosynthesis.
• B) ✔ Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, trap sunlight to make food.

Q77. Which of the following is a prokaryotic organism?

A) Amoeba
B) Yeast
C) Bacteria
D) Hydra

✅ Correct Answer: C) Bacteria

Explanation:

• A, B, D – Eukaryotes (true nucleus).
• C) ✔ Bacteria lack nuclear membrane → prokaryotic.

Q78. Which organelle is known as the “highway of the cell”?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) Endoplasmic reticulum
C) Lysosome
D) Vacuole

✅ Correct Answer: B) Endoplasmic reticulum

Explanation:

• A, C, D – Not transport systems.
• B) ✔ ER transports materials inside the cell.

Q79. Which part of the nucleus is responsible for making ribosomes?

A) Chromosomes
B) Nucleolus
C) Nuclear membrane
D) Nucleoplasm

✅ Correct Answer: B) Nucleolus

Explanation:

• A, C, D – Other roles.
• B) ✔ Nucleolus synthesizes rRNA, forms ribosome subunits.

Q80. Which of these cells is the smallest in the human body?

A) Nerve cell
B) Ovum
C) RBC
D) Muscle cell

✅ Correct Answer: C) RBC

Explanation:

• A, B, D – Larger cells.
• C) ✔ RBC is one of the smallest (≈7 µm).

Q81. Which organelle acts as the cell’s “packaging center”?

A) Ribosome
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Mitochondria
D) Nucleolus

✅ Correct Answer: B) Golgi apparatus

Explanation:

• A, C, D – Not for packaging.
• B) ✔ Golgi modifies and packages proteins/lipids.

Q82. Which organelle helps in detoxifying harmful substances in liver cells?

A) Rough ER
B) Smooth ER
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Lysosome

✅ Correct Answer: B) Smooth ER

Explanation:

• A) Rough ER – Protein synthesis.
• B) ✔ Smooth ER detoxifies drugs, makes lipids.
• C, D – Other functions.

Q83. Which cell organelle is semi-autonomous with its own DNA?

A) Mitochondria
B) Ribosome
C) Lysosome
D) Vacuole

✅ Correct Answer: A) Mitochondria

Explanation:

• A) ✔ Mitochondria have DNA, self-replicate.
• B, C, D – No DNA.

Q84. Which plastid is colourless and stores starch?

A) Chloroplast
B) Chromoplast
C) Leucoplast
D) Vacuole

✅ Correct Answer: C) Leucoplast

Explanation:

• A, B – Pigmented plastids.
• C) ✔ Leucoplast stores starch, oils, proteins.
• D) Vacuole – Storage, not plastid.

Q85. Which scientist discovered the nucleus?

A) Hooke
B) Brown
C) Virchow
D) Schwann

✅ Correct Answer: B) Brown

Explanation:

• A, C, D – Other contributions.
• B) ✔ Robert Brown discovered the nucleus (1831).

Q86. Which part of the plant cell stores cell sap?

A) Ribosome
B) Vacuole
C) Mitochondria
D) Chloroplast

✅ Correct Answer: B) Vacuole

Explanation:

• A, C, D – Not for storage.
• B) ✔ Plant vacuole stores water, salts, sugars.

Q87. Which organelle is called the “energy currency generator”?

A) Ribosome
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Mitochondria
D) Nucleus

✅ Correct Answer: C) Mitochondria

Explanation:

• A, B, D – Not energy generators.
• C) ✔ Produces ATP, the energy currency.

Q88. Which organelle helps in respiration?

A) Mitochondria
B) Chloroplast
C) Ribosome
D) Lysosome

✅ Correct Answer: A) Mitochondria

Explanation:

• A) ✔ Site of cellular respiration.
• B, C, D – Not respiration sites.

Q89. Which structure in the cell regulates movement of substances in and out?

A) Cell wall
B) Cell membrane
C) Nucleus
D) Cytoplasm

✅ Correct Answer: B) Cell membrane

Explanation:

• A) Cell wall – Fully permeable.
• B) ✔ Cell membrane = selectively permeable.
• C, D – Not regulators.

Q90. Which structure provides turgidity to plant cells?

A) Chloroplast
B) Vacuole
C) Nucleus
D) Ribosome

✅ Correct Answer: B) Vacuole

Explanation:

• A, C, D – Not for turgidity.
• B) ✔ Vacuole with sap pushes cytoplasm against cell wall → turgor pressure.

Q91. Which type of cell lacks a nuclear membrane?

A) Animal cell
B) Plant cell
C) Prokaryotic cell
D) Eukaryotic cell

✅ Correct Answer: C) Prokaryotic cell

Explanation:

• A, B, D – Eukaryotes → true nucleus.
• C) ✔ Prokaryotes have nucleoid, no nuclear membrane.

Q92. Which part of the cell theory did Virchow add?

A) All cells arise from pre-existing cells
B) Cell is the unit of structure
C) Cell is the unit of function
D) Cells have nuclei

✅ Correct Answer: A) All cells arise from pre-existing cells

Explanation:

• B, C – Proposed by Schleiden & Schwann.
• A) ✔ Virchow (1855) added “Omnis cellula e cellula.”
• D – Not a principle.

Q93. Which part of a cell is also called the “brain of the cell”?

A) Cytoplasm
B) Nucleus
C) Ribosome
D) Mitochondria

✅ Correct Answer: B) Nucleus

Explanation:

• B) ✔ Nucleus controls all activities like a brain.
• A, C, D – Different functions.

Q94. Which organelle helps in protein modification and packaging?

A) Ribosome
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Mitochondria
D) Nucleus

✅ Correct Answer: B) Golgi apparatus

Explanation:

• A) Ribosomes make proteins.
• B) ✔ Golgi modifies and packages proteins.
• C, D – Not packaging organelles.

Q95. Which part of the cell contains chromatin material?

A) Cytoplasm
B) Nucleus
C) Vacuole
D) Ribosome

✅ Correct Answer: B) Nucleus

Explanation:

• A, C, D – No chromatin.
• B) ✔ Chromatin = DNA + protein inside nucleus.

Q96. Which cell part is called the “cell boundary” in animal cells?

A) Cell wall
B) Cell membrane
C) Cytoplasm
D) Vacuole

✅ Correct Answer: B) Cell membrane

Explanation:

• A) Cell wall – Plants only.
• B) ✔ In animals, cell membrane forms boundary.
• C, D – Internal parts.

Q97. Which organelle is called the “powerhouse of the cell”?

A) Ribosome
B) Lysosome
C) Mitochondria
D) Golgi apparatus

✅ Correct Answer: C) Mitochondria

Explanation:

• C) ✔ Releases energy as ATP.
• A, B, D – Not energy organelles.

Q98. What is the main difference between plant and animal cells?

A) Plant cells have nucleus
B) Animal cells have ribosomes
C) Plant cells have cell wall and chloroplasts
D) Animal cells have mitochondria

✅ Correct Answer: C) Plant cells have cell wall and chloroplasts

Explanation:

• A, B, D – Common to both.
• C) ✔ Only plant cells → cell wall & chloroplasts.

Q99. Which structure in the cell helps in inheritance of traits?

A) Chromosomes
B) Cytoplasm
C) Cell wall
D) Vacuole

✅ Correct Answer: A) Chromosomes

Explanation:

• A) ✔ Chromosomes carry DNA & genes.
• B, C, D – Not hereditary.

Q100. Which scientist first observed living cells in pond water?

A) Hooke
B) Leeuwenhoek
C) Brown
D) Schwann

✅ Correct Answer: B) Leeuwenhoek

Explanation:

• A) Hooke – Dead cork cells.
• B) ✔ Leeuwenhoek saw living cells (1674).
• C, D – Other contributions.

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