Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) along with their answers on the topic of “Judicial Accountability in India: Mechanisms and Challenges”

Which Article of the Indian Constitution provides for the establishment of the Supreme Court?
- A) Article 124
- B) Article 145
- C) Article 32
- D) Article 226
  Answer: A) Article 124
What mechanism is primarily used to ensure accountability in the higher judiciary in India?
- A) Impeachment
- B) Parliamentary Inquiry
- C) Judicial Review
- D) Executive Oversight
  Answer: A) Impeachment
Which of the following bodies recommends the appointment and transfer of judges in India?
- A) Prime Minister’s Office
- B) National Judicial Appointments Commission
- C) President of India
- D) Law Commission
  Answer: B) National Judicial Appointments Commission
What is the minimum period of service required for a judge of the Supreme Court to be eligible for impeachment?
- A) 5 years
- B) 10 years
- C) 15 years
- D) No minimum period
  Answer: D) No minimum period
Which constitutional article provides for the removal of a Supreme Court or High Court judge?
- A) Article 124
- B) Article 125
- C) Article 126
- D) Article 127
  Answer: A) Article 124
Judicial accountability can be defined as:
- A) The ability of judges to act independently.
- B) The obligation of judges to justify their decisions.
- C) The process of appointing judges.
- D) The relationship between judges and the executive.
  Answer: B) The obligation of judges to justify their decisions.
Which of the following statements about the Judicial Accountability Bill is NOT true?
- A) It aims to ensure transparency in judicial appointments.
- B) It provides for the establishment of a National Judicial Commission.
- C) It allows the executive to have a predominant role in judicial appointments.
- D) It seeks to establish a mechanism for investigating complaints against judges.
  Answer: C) It allows the executive to have a predominant role in judicial appointments.
The concept of ‘judicial review’ is primarily aimed at:
- A) Checking the powers of the legislature.
- B) Protecting the rights of citizens.
- C) Ensuring judicial independence.
- D) All of the above.
  Answer: D) All of the above.
Who can initiate the impeachment process of a Supreme Court judge?
- A) Any citizen
- B) The President of India
- C) The Parliament
- D) The Chief Justice of India
  Answer: C) The Parliament
Which of the following mechanisms is NOT a form of judicial accountability?
- A) Judicial review
- B) Public interest litigation
- C) Advisory opinions
- D) Impeachment
  Answer: C) Advisory opinions
Which act provides for the establishment of the National Judicial Appointments Commission?
- A) Judicial Accountability Act, 2013
- B) Constitution (Ninety-ninth Amendment) Act, 2014
- C) The Supreme Court (Appointment of Judges) Act, 1982
- D) The Judges Inquiry Act, 1968
  Answer: B) Constitution (Ninety-ninth Amendment) Act, 2014
Judicial accountability in India is often compared to accountability mechanisms in which of the following countries?
- A) United States
- B) United Kingdom
- C) Canada
- D) All of the above
  Answer: D) All of the above
Which of the following is a challenge to judicial accountability in India?
- A) Lack of transparency in appointments
- B) Judicial overreach
- C) Corruption in the judiciary
- D) All of the above
  Answer: D) All of the above
The ‘Collegium System’ is associated with:
- A) The appointment of judges in the Supreme Court and High Courts.
- B) The removal of judges.
- C) Judicial review.
- D) Legislative oversight.
  Answer: A) The appointment of judges in the Supreme Court and High Courts.
What is the main purpose of the Judicial Standards and Accountability Bill, 2010?
- A) To increase the powers of judges
- B) To ensure the accountability of judges
- C) To streamline judicial processes
- D) To provide for more judicial appointments
  Answer: B) To ensure the accountability of judges
The principle of ‘separation of powers’ in the context of judicial accountability suggests that:
- A) The judiciary should be completely independent of the legislature and executive.
- B) The judiciary should be accountable to the legislature.
- C) The executive should have the power to remove judges.
- D) The legislature should control judicial appointments.
  Answer: A) The judiciary should be completely independent of the legislature and executive.
Which constitutional body is primarily responsible for the oversight of judicial conduct?
- A) Supreme Court
- B) High Court
- C) National Judicial Appointments Commission
- D) There is no specific body
  Answer: D) There is no specific body
Which of the following acts provides for the appointment of judges through a collegium system?
- A) The Constitution of India
- B) The Advocates Act, 1961
- C) The Judicial Appointments Act, 1995
- D) None of the above
  Answer: A) The Constitution of India
Which of the following is NOT a reason for advocating judicial accountability?
- A) Ensuring judicial independence
- B) Promoting public confidence in the judiciary
- C) Preventing judicial corruption
- D) Minimizing legislative interference in judicial matters
  Answer: D) Minimizing legislative interference in judicial matters
The term ‘judicial overreach’ refers to:
- A) The judiciary exceeding its authority in making decisions.
- B) The executive’s interference in judicial matters.
- C) Legislative control over judicial functions.
- D) Judicial independence from the executive.
  Answer: A) The judiciary exceeding its authority in making decisions.
Which Article of the Constitution allows the Supreme Court to make rules for regulating its own procedure?
- A) Article 137
- B) Article 145
- C) Article 142
- D) Article 144
  Answer: B) Article 145
Public Interest Litigation (PIL) has been instrumental in:
- A) Expanding the scope of judicial review.
- B) Holding the judiciary accountable.
- C) Addressing issues of public concern.
- D) All of the above.
  Answer: D) All of the above.
What is the main drawback of the current system of judicial accountability in India?
- A) Too many judges
- B) Lack of a formal mechanism for accountability
- C) High public confidence in the judiciary
- D) Excessive transparency
  Answer: B) Lack of a formal mechanism for accountability
Which of the following statements about judicial accountability is true?
- A) It can compromise judicial independence.
- B) It is solely the responsibility of the executive.
- C) It does not require public participation.
- D) It is an essential aspect of democracy.
  Answer: D) It is an essential aspect of democracy.
Which Supreme Court case established the principles of judicial accountability and transparency?
- A) Kesavananda Bharati case
- B) Indira Gandhi vs. Raj Narain
- C) Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association vs. Union of India
- D) Maneka Gandhi vs. Union of India
  Answer: C) Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association vs. Union of India
The term ‘judicial corruption’ refers to:
- A) Misuse of judicial power for personal gain.
- B) Errors in judicial decisions.
- C) Legislative interference in judicial matters.
- D) Public dissatisfaction with judicial processes.
  Answer: A) Misuse of judicial power for personal gain.
Which of the following is a suggestion to improve judicial accountability?
- A) Reducing the number of judges
- B) Enhancing transparency in judicial appointments
- C) Limiting public access to court proceedings
- D) Centralizing judicial power
  Answer: B) Enhancing transparency in judicial appointments
Which constitutional provision empowers the Supreme Court to punish for contempt of court?
- A) Article 129
- B) Article 136
- C) Article 142
- D) Article 143
  Answer: A) Article 129
The primary aim of judicial accountability is to:
- A) Protect the rights of judges.
- B) Ensure that judges are above the law.
- C) Uphold the rule of law and protect citizen rights.
- D) Limit judicial power.
  Answer: C) Uphold the rule of law and protect citizen rights.
Which of the following is a criticism of the collegium system?
- A) It promotes transparency.
- B) It lacks accountability.
- C) It ensures merit-based appointments.
- D) It is a democratic process.
  Answer: B) It lacks accountability.

These questions cover various aspects of judicial accountability in India, including constitutional provisions, mechanisms, and challenges. They can help candidates prepare effectively for their civil services examinations.

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