MCQs on Biodiversity Conservation: Challenges and Strategies in India
1. What is biodiversity?
A. Variability among living organisms
B. Study of ecosystems
C. Natural resource distribution
D. Environmental pollution
Answer: A. Variability among living organisms
2. Which of the following is the largest biodiversity hotspot in India?
A. Eastern Ghats
B. Himalayas
C. Western Ghats
D. Indo-Burma region
Answer: B. Himalayas
3. Which international treaty focuses on biodiversity conservation?
A. Paris Agreement
B. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
C. Ramsar Convention
D. Montreal Protocol
Answer: B. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
4. What is the primary goal of biodiversity conservation?
A. Economic development
B. Preservation of species and ecosystems
C. Industrial growth
D. Urbanization
Answer: B. Preservation of species and ecosystems
5. How many biodiversity hotspots are there in India?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Answer: C. 4
6. Which Indian act primarily deals with wildlife conservation?
A. Environment Protection Act, 1986
B. Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
C. Forest Rights Act, 2006
D. Biodiversity Act, 2002
Answer: B. Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
7. What does the term ‘in-situ conservation’ mean?
A. Conserving species in their natural habitats
B. Conserving species in artificial environments
C. Conserving resources underground
D. Conserving species through biotechnology
Answer: A. Conserving species in their natural habitats
8. Which of the following is an example of in-situ conservation?
A. Zoological parks
B. National parks
C. Seed banks
D. Botanical gardens
Answer: B. National parks
9. What is the main purpose of the Ramsar Convention?
A. Protection of endangered species
B. Conservation of wetlands
C. Air pollution control
D. Promotion of renewable energy
Answer: B. Conservation of wetlands
10. India’s National Biodiversity Action Plan was launched in which year?
A. 1992
B. 2002
C. 2008
D. 2012
Answer: C. 2008
11. Which is India’s first biosphere reserve?
A. Sunderbans
B. Nanda Devi
C. Nilgiri
D. Gulf of Mannar
Answer: C. Nilgiri
12. What is ex-situ conservation?
A. Conserving species in their natural habitats
B. Conserving species outside their natural habitats
C. Conservation of fossil fuels
D. Conservation of geological sites
Answer: B. Conserving species outside their natural habitats
13. Which of the following is a challenge to biodiversity conservation in India?
A. Habitat destruction
B. Over-exploitation of resources
C. Invasive species
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
14. What is the main objective of the Biodiversity Act, 2002?
A. Forest management
B. Access and benefit-sharing of biological resources
C. Climate change mitigation
D. Promotion of renewable energy
Answer: B. Access and benefit-sharing of biological resources
15. Which Indian organization monitors biodiversity conservation?
A. NITI Aayog
B. National Biodiversity Authority (NBA)
C. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
D. Geological Survey of India
Answer: B. National Biodiversity Authority (NBA)
16. Which is the largest mangrove forest in India?
A. Bhitarkanika
B. Sundarbans
C. Pichavaram
D. Muthupet
Answer: B. Sundarbans
17. Project Tiger was launched in which year?
A. 1971
B. 1973
C. 1982
D. 1995
Answer: B. 1973
18. What is the significance of sacred groves in biodiversity conservation?
A. Places of religious worship
B. Protecting biodiversity through cultural beliefs
C. Sites for industrial development
D. Protected areas for mining
Answer: B. Protecting biodiversity through cultural beliefs
19. Which of these species is critically endangered in India?
A. Indian Peafowl
B. Great Indian Bustard
C. Asiatic Lion
D. Olive Ridley Turtle
Answer: B. Great Indian Bustard
20. What is the key focus of the Indian Forest Act, 1927?
A. Protection of biodiversity
B. Management of forest resources
C. Conservation of wetlands
D. Mitigation of air pollution
Answer: B. Management of forest resources
21. Which global initiative aims to protect plant biodiversity?
A. Global Crop Diversity Trust
B. Kyoto Protocol
C. UNEP Green Initiative
D. Bonn Challenge
Answer: A. Global Crop Diversity Trust
22. What is the major objective of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972?
A. Prohibition of hunting and poaching
B. Promotion of eco-tourism
C. Expansion of agricultural land
D. Conservation of fossil fuels
Answer: A. Prohibition of hunting and poaching
23. Which of these is a man-made threat to biodiversity?
A. Natural disasters
B. Invasive species introduced by humans
C. Climatic variations
D. Geological changes
Answer: B. Invasive species introduced by humans
24. India is a party to which of the following global frameworks?
A. Convention on Biological Diversity
B. Kyoto Protocol
C. Ramsar Convention
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
25. What does CITES stand for?
A. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
B. Conservation Initiative for Terrestrial Ecosystems
C. Central Indian Tiger Ecology Strategy
D. Conservation of Indigenous Terrestrial Ecosystems
Answer: A. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
26. What is a biodiversity hotspot?
A. A location with high levels of biodiversity and species endemism
B. A place with high pollution levels
C. A region with minimal species diversity
D. A dry and barren area
Answer: A. A location with high levels of biodiversity and species endemism
27. What is India’s rank in terms of global biodiversity?
A. 7th
B. 12th
C. 10th
D. 5th
Answer: B. 12th
28. Which Indian river system supports significant aquatic biodiversity?
A. Yamuna
B. Brahmaputra
C. Kaveri
D. Tapi
Answer: B. Brahmaputra
29. What is the purpose of eco-sensitive zones in India?
A. Promote industrial growth
B. Buffer zones around protected areas to regulate human activities
C. Expansion of mining operations
D. Increase urban settlements
Answer: B. Buffer zones around protected areas to regulate human activities
30. What is the role of the Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC)?
A. Conservation of wetlands
B. Regulation of genetically modified organisms
C. Monitoring air quality
D. Forest management
Answer: B. Regulation of genetically modified organisms
These questions and answers comprehensively cover biodiversity conservation challenges and strategies in India, offering valuable insights for civil service aspirants.
