MCQs on Environmental Sustainability and Economic Growth in India

Which of the following is a key principle of environmental sustainability?
- A) Short-term economic gains
- B) Resource depletion
- C) Long-term ecological balance
- D) Increased pollution
- Answer: C) Long-term ecological balance
What is the primary aim of the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) in India?
- A) To promote industrialization
- B) To mitigate climate change
- C) To increase fossil fuel consumption
- D) To decrease renewable energy use
- Answer: B) To mitigate climate change
Which sector in India is most responsible for greenhouse gas emissions?
- A) Agriculture
- B) Transportation
- C) Industry
- D) Residential
- Answer: C) Industry
What does the term ‘sustainable development’ primarily refer to?
- A) Economic growth without limits
- B) Meeting present needs without compromising future generations
- C) Environmental conservation only
- D) Population control measures
- Answer: B) Meeting present needs without compromising future generations
Which of the following initiatives promotes the use of renewable energy sources in India?
- A) Make in India
- B) Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
- C) National Solar Mission
- D) Digital India
- Answer: C) National Solar Mission
What is the objective of the ‘Bharatmala Pariyojana’?
- A) To promote urbanization
- B) To develop national highways and improve connectivity
- C) To conserve biodiversity
- D) To enhance air quality
- Answer: B) To develop national highways and improve connectivity
Which of the following is a consequence of deforestation?
- A) Increased biodiversity
- B) Soil erosion
- C) Improved air quality
- D) Higher agricultural yield
- Answer: B) Soil erosion
The concept of ‘Green GDP’ takes into account which of the following factors?
- A) Only economic output
- B) Environmental degradation and resource depletion
- C) Population growth
- D) Industrial production
- Answer: B) Environmental degradation and resource depletion
Which Indian state is known for implementing the concept of ‘Forest Rights’ for tribal communities?
- A) Maharashtra
- B) Rajasthan
- C) Odisha
- D) Kerala
- Answer: C) Odisha
What is the primary goal of the National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP)?
- A) Increase industrial production
- B) Enhance biodiversity conservation
- C) Promote urban development
- D) Reduce population growth
- Answer: B) Enhance biodiversity conservation
Which of the following is a significant challenge to achieving sustainable agriculture in India?
- A) Use of organic fertilizers
- B) Water scarcity
- C) Crop diversification
- D) Sustainable pest management
- Answer: B) Water scarcity
What role do forests play in maintaining ecological balance?
- A) They increase urbanization
- B) They contribute to soil erosion
- C) They act as carbon sinks
- D) They reduce biodiversity
- Answer: C) They act as carbon sinks
Which of the following is an example of a sustainable agricultural practice?
- A) Monocropping
- B) Chemical-intensive farming
- C) Crop rotation
- D) Overgrazing
- Answer: C) Crop rotation
Which program aims to promote energy efficiency in India?
- A) Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
- B) Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT)
- C) Skill India
- D) National Rural Livelihood Mission
- Answer: B) Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT)
The concept of ‘Circular Economy’ emphasizes which of the following?
- A) Linear production and consumption
- B) Recycling and reusing materials
- C) Increased waste generation
- D) Reduction in renewable energy usage
- Answer: B) Recycling and reusing materials
Which Indian initiative focuses on promoting sustainable transportation?
- A) Smart Cities Mission
- B) Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation
- C) National Electric Mobility Mission Plan
- D) Make in India
- Answer: C) National Electric Mobility Mission Plan
What is the main objective of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)?
- A) Promote industrialization in developed countries
- B) Support developing countries in reducing greenhouse gas emissions
- C) Increase fossil fuel consumption
- D) Enhance biodiversity in urban areas
- Answer: B) Support developing countries in reducing greenhouse gas emissions
Which of the following is a major source of air pollution in India?
- A) Agricultural practices
- B) Industrial emissions
- C) Household waste
- D) All of the above
- Answer: D) All of the above
The Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana aims to achieve which of the following goals?
- A) Increase fossil fuel production
- B) Provide clean cooking fuel to rural households
- C) Promote coal mining
- D) Encourage traditional cooking methods
- Answer: B) Provide clean cooking fuel to rural households
What is the purpose of the Green Climate Fund?
- A) To promote industrial growth
- B) To support developing countries in combating climate change
- C) To reduce agricultural output
- D) To enhance urban infrastructure
- Answer: B) To support developing countries in combating climate change
Which Indian initiative aims to increase afforestation and improve forest cover?
- A) National Afforestation Programme
- B) Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
- C) Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation
- D) Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
- Answer: A) National Afforestation Programme
Which of the following is a significant impact of climate change on agriculture in India?
- A) Stable crop yields
- B) Increased soil fertility
- C) Unpredictable weather patterns
- D) Decreased irrigation requirements
- Answer: C) Unpredictable weather patterns
Which of the following best describes ‘ecological footprint’?
- A) The amount of land required for industrial activities
- B) The total area required to support a population’s resource consumption
- C) The area of land for agricultural production only
- D) The carbon emissions from transportation
- Answer: B) The total area required to support a population’s resource consumption
Which initiative focuses on sustainable waste management in India?
- A) National Solid Waste Management Policy
- B) Make in India
- C) Digital India
- D) Skill India
- Answer: A) National Solid Waste Management Policy
What is the objective of the National Water Policy in India?
- A) To promote unchecked water extraction
- B) To encourage wasteful water usage
- C) To ensure sustainable water management
- D) To restrict rainwater harvesting
- Answer: C) To ensure sustainable water management
Which of the following sources of energy is considered renewable?
- A) Coal
- B) Natural Gas
- C) Solar
- D) Nuclear
- Answer: C) Solar
What is the significance of the ‘Net Zero Emissions’ goal?
- A) To increase carbon emissions
- B) To balance emitted greenhouse gases with an equivalent amount removed from the atmosphere
- C) To promote fossil fuel dependency
- D) To encourage deforestation
- Answer: B) To balance emitted greenhouse gases with an equivalent amount removed from the atmosphere
Which of the following is a key challenge in implementing environmental policies in India?
- A) Strong public support
- B) Lack of financial resources
- C) High levels of biodiversity
- D) Effective government enforcement
- Answer: B) Lack of financial resources
What role does public awareness play in promoting environmental sustainability?
- A) Minimal impact
- B) It hinders development
- C) It fosters community engagement and responsible behavior
- D) It increases pollution levels
- Answer: C) It fosters community engagement and responsible behavior
The concept of ‘Ecosystem Services’ refers to:
- A) The services provided solely by industrial sectors
- B) Benefits provided by ecosystems to human well-being
- C) Urban development initiatives
- D) Economic policies
- Answer: B) Benefits provided by ecosystems to human well-being

These questions cover a range of topics related to environmental sustainability and economic growth in India, making them suitable for Civil Services Examination preparation.

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