MCQs with answers regarding “India’s Budget Process: Analyzing Fiscal Policy Priorities”

What is the primary objective of the Union Budget in India?
A) To raise funds for elections
B) To outline the government’s revenue and expenditure for the fiscal year
C) To determine the prices of commodities
D) To regulate the stock market
Answer: B) To outline the government’s revenue and expenditure for the fiscal year
Which article of the Indian Constitution mandates the presentation of the Union Budget?
A) Article 112
B) Article 110
C) Article 121
D) Article 114
Answer: A) Article 112
What is the fiscal year in India?
A) January to December
B) April to March
C) June to May
D) March to February
Answer: B) April to March
Which of the following is not a type of budget in India?
A) Balanced Budget
B) Surplus Budget
C) Deficit Budget
D) Fixed Budget
Answer: D) Fixed Budget
The process of budget formulation in India primarily involves which of the following bodies?
A) Planning Commission
B) Ministry of Finance
C) Reserve Bank of India
D) NITI Aayog
Answer: B) Ministry of Finance
The Budget Estimates (BE) presented by the government reflect which of the following?
A) Actual revenue and expenditure from the previous year
B) Anticipated revenue and expenditure for the upcoming year
C) The long-term economic plan of the government
D) Revenue generated from public sector undertakings
Answer: B) Anticipated revenue and expenditure for the upcoming year
What does the term ‘Fiscal Deficit’ refer to?
A) Excess of revenue over expenditure
B) Shortfall in revenue against total expenditure
C) Surplus in the budget
D) None of the above
Answer: B) Shortfall in revenue against total expenditure
What is the role of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Finance in the budget process?
A) To formulate the budget
B) To audit the budget
C) To review the budget proposals and suggest modifications
D) To approve the budget without any changes
Answer: C) To review the budget proposals and suggest modifications
Which of the following is considered a direct tax?
A) Goods and Services Tax (GST)
B) Corporate Tax
C) Value Added Tax (VAT)
D) Sales Tax
Answer: B) Corporate Tax
Which type of budget reflects the government’s fiscal policy priorities?
A) Revenue Budget
B) Capital Budget
C) Social Budget
D) Performance Budget
Answer: A) Revenue Budget
What is ‘Zero-Based Budgeting’?
A) Budgeting based on past expenditures
B) A budgeting approach where every function is analyzed for its needs and costs from scratch
C) Budgeting where the expenditure is equal to revenue
D) None of the above
Answer: B) A budgeting approach where every function is analyzed for its needs and costs from scratch
In the context of the Indian budget, what is the ‘Mid-Year Review’?
A) A review conducted by the President of India
B) A review of the budget performance at the mid-point of the fiscal year
C) A report on the previous year’s budget performance
D) A summary of the next year’s budget proposals
Answer: B) A review of the budget performance at the mid-point of the fiscal year
What does the term ‘Non-Plan Expenditure’ refer to?
A) Expenditure that is not budgeted
B) Expenditure incurred for schemes that are not part of the plan budget
C) Expenditure incurred for capital projects
D) Expenditure included in the plan budget
Answer: B) Expenditure incurred for schemes that are not part of the plan budget
Which of the following is a characteristic of the Capital Budget?
A) It deals with the revenue collection
B) It focuses on government spending on assets and infrastructure
C) It includes all social welfare schemes
D) It does not include borrowing
Answer: B) It focuses on government spending on assets and infrastructure
What is the significance of the ‘Finance Bill’ in the budget process?
A) It is used to prepare the budget estimates
B) It outlines the government’s economic policies
C) It includes the proposed tax changes and fiscal measures
D) It is a report on the previous year’s budget
Answer: C) It includes the proposed tax changes and fiscal measures
Which committee recommended the introduction of a Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India?
A) Kelkar Committee
B) Chatterjee Committee
C) Arun Jaitley Committee
D) Rajya Sabha Committee
Answer: A) Kelkar Committee
What does the ‘Consolidated Fund of India’ represent?
A) All revenue collected by the states
B) The fund into which all revenues and loans of the Government of India are deposited
C) A fund for specific welfare schemes
D) None of the above
Answer: B) The fund into which all revenues and loans of the Government of India are deposited
Which of the following is not a priority area in the Indian budget?
A) Infrastructure development
B) Health and education
C) Agricultural subsidies
D) Personal income tax reduction
Answer: D) Personal income tax reduction
What is the purpose of the Economic Survey released before the Union Budget?
A) To provide a forecast of the weather
B) To present an overview of the economy and outline the government’s economic policies
C) To propose new tax reforms
D) To announce the new government schemes
Answer: B) To present an overview of the economy and outline the government’s economic policies
The term ‘Deficit Financing’ refers to which of the following?
A) Reducing government expenditures
B) Borrowing to meet the gap between revenue and expenditure
C) Increasing taxes to reduce deficit
D) None of the above
Answer: B) Borrowing to meet the gap between revenue and expenditure
Which of the following is the largest component of India’s revenue?
A) Corporate tax
B) Personal income tax
C) Goods and Services Tax (GST)
D) Excise duty
Answer: C) Goods and Services Tax (GST)
What does the term ‘Fiscal Responsibility’ mean in the context of the budget?
A) Balancing the budget
B) Managing the fiscal deficit and public debt responsibly
C) Increasing taxes to generate more revenue
D) Reducing public spending
Answer: B) Managing the fiscal deficit and public debt responsibly
The ‘Budget Speech’ is delivered by which of the following?
A) The President of India
B) The Finance Minister
C) The Prime Minister
D) The Chief Minister
Answer: B) The Finance Minister
Which of the following sectors is often prioritized in the Indian budget for growth and development?
A) IT Sector
B) Agriculture
C) Defense
D) Aviation
Answer: B) Agriculture
What is the main aim of the ‘Goods and Services Tax’ introduced in India?
A) To simplify tax collection and reduce compliance costs
B) To increase taxes on goods
C) To replace direct taxes
D) To eliminate all state taxes
Answer: A) To simplify tax collection and reduce compliance costs
Which of the following is a characteristic of ‘Public Debt’?
A) It is the money owed by the government to private citizens and institutions
B) It includes revenue collected through taxes
C) It is always considered bad for the economy
D) It is incurred only during emergencies
Answer: A) It is the money owed by the government to private citizens and institutions
What does ‘Capital Outlay’ in the budget refer to?
A) Government expenditure on salaries
B) Expenditure on assets and infrastructure projects
C) Revenue generated from capital assets
D) None of the above
Answer: B) Expenditure on assets and infrastructure projects
The ‘Budgetary Control’ mechanism is used primarily for which purpose?
A) To monitor the expenditure against the budget
B) To prepare the budget
C) To increase revenue
D) To reduce taxes
Answer: A) To monitor the expenditure against the budget
Which type of budget focuses on the outcome and efficiency of government expenditure?
A) Performance Budget
B) Traditional Budget
C) Zero-Based Budget
D) Program Budget
Answer: A) Performance Budget
What is the ‘Zero-based Budgeting’ approach best known for?
A) Starting from the previous year’s budget
B) Justifying all expenditures as if starting from zero
C) Ignoring all previous expenditures
D) None of the above
Answer: B) Justifying all expenditures as if starting from zero

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