MCQs on “The Indian Monsoon: Mechanism, Variability and Its Economic Impact”

What is the primary driver of the Indian monsoon?
A) Western Disturbances
B) Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
C) El Niño
D) North-East Trade Winds
Answer: B) Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
Which months are typically associated with the southwest monsoon in India?
A) December to February
B) June to September
C) March to May
D) October to November
Answer: B) June to September
What phenomenon is responsible for the delay of the monsoon in some years?
A) La Niña
B) El Niño
C) High-pressure systems
D) Westerlies
Answer: B) El Niño
Which of the following regions receives the highest rainfall during the Indian monsoon?
A) Western Ghats
B) Indo-Gangetic Plain
C) Thar Desert
D) Himalayan foothills
Answer: A) Western Ghats
Which factor significantly influences the variability of the Indian monsoon?
A) Solar radiation
B) Ocean temperature
C) Topography
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
The withdrawal of the southwest monsoon usually occurs in which month?
A) September
B) October
C) November
D) August
Answer: B) October
Which of the following crops is primarily dependent on the Indian monsoon?
A) Wheat
B) Rice
C) Mustard
D) Barley
Answer: B) Rice
What is the term for the phenomenon where excessive rainfall leads to flooding?
A) Drought
B) Deluge
C) Monsoon surge
D) Flash flood
Answer: D) Flash flood
What is the average percentage of rainfall received from the southwest monsoon in India?
A) 60%
B) 70%
C) 75%
D) 90%
Answer: C) 75%
Which Indian state is known for having a rain shadow area?
A) Kerala
B) Tamil Nadu
C) Maharashtra
D) Himachal Pradesh
Answer: B) Tamil Nadu
Which of the following is a major consequence of delayed monsoon?
A) Increased agricultural productivity
B) Crop failure
C) Improved soil fertility
D) Higher water levels in reservoirs
Answer: B) Crop failure
What is the impact of monsoon variability on food security in India?
A) No significant impact
B) Reduces crop yields leading to food shortages
C) Enhances food production
D) Increases export opportunities
Answer: B) Reduces crop yields leading to food shortages
What are the seasonal winds called that bring the Indian monsoon?
A) North-East Monsoon
B) Westerlies
C) Trade Winds
D) South-West Monsoon
Answer: D) South-West Monsoon
Which of the following meteorological factors is closely monitored to predict the monsoon?
A) Atmospheric pressure
B) Wind speed
C) Humidity levels
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Which Indian river is primarily fed by the monsoon rains?
A) Ganges
B) Yamuna
C) Narmada
D) Godavari
Answer: A) Ganges
How does the Indian monsoon contribute to the economy?
A) By increasing tourism
B) By supporting agriculture
C) By enhancing industrial production
D) All of the above
Answer: B) By supporting agriculture
Which of the following is a consequence of a strong monsoon?
A) Improved groundwater levels
B) Excessive soil erosion
C) All of the above
D) None of the above
Answer: C) All of the above
In which year did India experience a significant monsoon deficit leading to a major drought?
A) 2002
B) 2010
C) 2015
D) 2019
Answer: B) 2010
What climatic condition is most likely to lead to a poor monsoon?
A) High humidity
B) High ocean temperatures
C) Cold sea surface temperatures
D) All of the above
Answer: C) Cold sea surface temperatures
Which agricultural practice is often adopted in response to monsoon variability?
A) Crop rotation
B) Mono-cropping
C) Urban farming
D) None of the above
Answer: A) Crop rotation
Which organization is responsible for forecasting the Indian monsoon?
A) ISRO
B) IMD (Indian Meteorological Department)
C) DRDO
D) ICAR
Answer: B) IMD (Indian Meteorological Department)
What is the term used for the phenomenon of rainfall occurring outside the monsoon season?
A) Pre-monsoon showers
B) Post-monsoon showers
C) Unseasonal rain
D) Both B and C
Answer: D) Both B and C
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Indian monsoon?
A) It brings dry weather to the region.
B) It is associated with the southwest winds.
C) It is characterized by a seasonal reversal of winds.
D) It affects the Indian economy significantly.
Answer: A) It brings dry weather to the region.
The term “monsoon” is derived from which language?
A) Latin
B) Arabic
C) Greek
D) Persian
Answer: B) Arabic
Which of the following factors can affect the onset and intensity of the Indian monsoon?
A) Oceanic temperature
B) Atmospheric circulation patterns
C) Land surface temperatures
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
What is the primary crop sown during the Kharif season in India?
A) Wheat
B) Rice
C) Barley
D) Gram
Answer: B) Rice
What role do the Himalayas play in influencing the Indian monsoon?
A) They block the monsoon winds.
B) They enhance the rainfall on the southern slopes.
C) They have no impact on the monsoon.
D) They reduce humidity levels.
Answer: B) They enhance the rainfall on the southern slopes.
What is the most significant impact of monsoon failure on rural India?
A) Increased agricultural exports
B) Food scarcity and economic distress
C) Enhanced biodiversity
D) None of the above
Answer: B) Food scarcity and economic distress
Which of the following best describes the “Indian Ocean Dipole” and its relationship with the monsoon?
A) It has no relationship with the monsoon.
B) It can influence the strength and timing of the monsoon.
C) It only affects ocean currents.
D) It is only relevant to the northeastern monsoon.
Answer: B) It can influence the strength and timing of the monsoon.
Which environmental challenge is exacerbated by changes in the monsoon pattern?
A) Desertification
B) Flooding
C) Soil degradation
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

These MCQs can help candidates assess their understanding of the Indian monsoon’s mechanism, variability, and its economic impact, making them suitable for preparation for civil services examinations.

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