MCQs on the topic “Conservation of Endangered Species in India: Policy and Challenges”
1. Which of the following is the primary legislation aimed at wildlife conservation in India?
- A) Forest Conservation Act, 1980
- B) Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
- C) Environment Protection Act, 1986
- D) National Green Tribunal Act, 2010
- Answer: B) Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
2. What is the main objective of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972?
- A) To regulate wildlife trade
- B) To create wildlife sanctuaries and national parks
- C) To conserve and protect wild animals and birds
- D) To promote eco-tourism in protected areas
- Answer: C) To conserve and protect wild animals and birds
3. The ‘Project Tiger’ was launched in India in which year?
- A) 1972
- B) 1973
- C) 1974
- D) 1975
- Answer: B) 1973
4. Which species is NOT considered critically endangered in India?
- A) Bengal Tiger
- B) Indian Lion
- C) Siberian Crane
- D) Snow Leopard
- Answer: D) Snow Leopard
5. Which of the following is the key factor contributing to the endangerment of species in India?
- A) Deforestation and habitat loss
- B) Poaching and illegal hunting
- C) Climate change
- D) All of the above
- Answer: D) All of the above
6. What is the purpose of the ‘National Wildlife Action Plan’ (NWAP) in India?
- A) To regulate wildlife trade
- B) To ensure the conservation of endangered species
- C) To promote wildlife tourism
- D) To expand the area under forest cover
- Answer: B) To ensure the conservation of endangered species
7. Which of the following protected areas is designated for the conservation of rhinos in India?
- A) Jim Corbett National Park
- B) Kaziranga National Park
- C) Sunderbans Mangrove Forest
- D) Bandipur National Park
- Answer: B) Kaziranga National Park
8. Which Indian state is home to the largest population of Asiatic Lions?
- A) Uttar Pradesh
- B) Madhya Pradesh
- C) Gujarat
- D) Maharashtra
- Answer: C) Gujarat
9. The Red Data Book, published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), primarily provides information on:
- A) Endangered species
- B) Protected areas in India
- C) Forest reserves and sanctuaries
- D) International wildlife trade
- Answer: A) Endangered species
10. Which animal is the focus of the ‘Project Snow Leopard’ in India?
- A) Indian Elephant
- B) Snow Leopard
- C) Bengal Tiger
- D) Asiatic Lion
- Answer: B) Snow Leopard
11. Which Indian government body is responsible for implementing the National Wildlife Action Plan?
- A) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
- B) Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
- C) Ministry of Tribal Affairs
- D) National Board for Wildlife
- Answer: A) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
12. The Indian government has declared which species as the national animal of India?
- A) Elephant
- B) Tiger
- C) Peacock
- D) Lion
- Answer: B) Tiger
13. Which of the following is NOT a protected species under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972?
- A) Indian Bison
- B) Bengal Tiger
- C) Indian Cobra
- D) Peafowl
- Answer: D) Peafowl
14. What is the key objective of the ‘Biosphere Reserves’ in India?
- A) To provide recreational spaces for tourists
- B) To conserve biodiversity and maintain ecological balance
- C) To protect only endangered species
- D) To promote logging activities
- Answer: B) To conserve biodiversity and maintain ecological balance
15. Which of the following wildlife sanctuaries is located in Rajasthan?
- A) Sunderbans
- B) Sariska Tiger Reserve
- C) Nanda Devi Sanctuary
- D) Nagarhole National Park
- Answer: B) Sariska Tiger Reserve
16. Which one of these is the biggest challenge to conservation efforts in India?
- A) Lack of awareness among the public
- B) Excessive government funding
- C) Overemphasis on wildlife tourism
- D) Industrialization and urbanization
- Answer: D) Industrialization and urbanization
17. Which of the following is a major threat to the survival of the Indian rhinoceros?
- A) Climate change
- B) Habitat fragmentation
- C) Poaching for their horns
- D) Invasive species
- Answer: C) Poaching for their horns
18. The ‘Wetland Conservation Programme’ in India aims to protect which of the following?
- A) Forests
- B) Marine ecosystems
- C) Wetland ecosystems
- D) Wildlife sanctuaries
- Answer: C) Wetland ecosystems
19. What is the ‘Convention on Biological Diversity’ (CBD)?
- A) An international treaty to protect wildlife
- B) An agreement to promote eco-tourism
- C) A convention to conserve genetic resources, species, and ecosystems
- D) A government regulation to protect forests in India
- Answer: C) A convention to conserve genetic resources, species, and ecosystems
20. What is the primary goal of ‘Community-based Conservation’ in India?
- A) To increase national park areas
- B) To engage local communities in biodiversity conservation efforts
- C) To regulate wildlife trade
- D) To promote eco-tourism
- Answer: B) To engage local communities in biodiversity conservation efforts
21. Which of the following species is facing a major threat due to the illegal pet trade in India?
- A) Ganges River Dolphin
- B) King Cobra
- C) Indian Star Tortoise
- D) Sloth Bear
- Answer: C) Indian Star Tortoise
22. Which of the following is the main cause of habitat loss in India’s tiger reserves?
- A) Overgrazing by livestock
- B) Encroachment for agriculture and settlement
- C) Invasive plant species
- D) Climate change
- Answer: B) Encroachment for agriculture and settlement
23. Which of the following states in India is famous for the conservation of the Himalayan Monal?
- A) Himachal Pradesh
- B) Uttar Pradesh
- C) Uttarakhand
- D) Assam
- Answer: C) Uttarakhand
24. Which of the following is a key element in ensuring the success of endangered species conservation in India?
- A) Strict enforcement of anti-poaching laws
- B) Restricting all human activities in forest areas
- C) Only focusing on flagship species
- D) Banning all agricultural activities near reserves
- Answer: A) Strict enforcement of anti-poaching laws
25. What is the main reason for the decline of the Asiatic Lion population?
- A) Habitat loss due to human settlement
- B) Poaching for their fur
- C) Inbreeding and genetic bottleneck
- D) Disease outbreaks
- Answer: A) Habitat loss due to human settlement
26. Which international organization is responsible for compiling the ‘Red List’ of endangered species?
- A) World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
- B) United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
- C) International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
- D) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)
- Answer: C) International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
27. Which Indian state has implemented the ‘Van Mahotsav’ (Tree Plantation Day) to promote forest conservation?
- A) Tamil Nadu
- B) Gujarat
- C) Rajasthan
- D) Maharashtra
- Answer: D) Maharashtra
28. Which of the following is a key challenge in conservation efforts for the Great Indian Bustard?
- A) Overfishing
- B) Loss of habitat due to agriculture and infrastructure development
- C) Illegal hunting for feathers
- D) Climate change
- Answer: B) Loss of habitat due to agriculture and infrastructure development
29. Which species of tree is known for providing important habitat to many endangered species in India?
- A) Banyan tree
- B) Peepal tree
- C) Sandalwood tree
- D) Teak tree
- Answer: A) Banyan tree
30. The ‘Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act’ (2016) is aimed at compensating for:
- A) Illegal deforestation
- B) Habitat restoration
- C) Loss of forest land due to development projects
- D) Promoting eco-tourism in forests
- Answer: C) Loss of forest land due to development projects
