Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with answers on “India’s Scientific Advancements during the Ancient Period” suitable for the Civil Services Examination

Who is known as the father of medicine in ancient India?
- a) Charaka
- b) Sushruta
- c) Aryabhata
- d) Varahamihira
- Answer: b) Sushruta
Which ancient Indian text is considered a foundational work in the field of surgery?
- a) Ashtanga Hridaya
- b) Sushruta Samhita
- c) Charaka Samhita
- d) Yoga Sutras
- Answer: b) Sushruta Samhita
Aryabhata, an ancient Indian mathematician and astronomer, was born in which year?
- a) 476 CE
- b) 499 CE
- c) 523 CE
- d) 600 CE
- Answer: b) 499 CE
Which of the following concepts was introduced by Aryabhata in mathematics?
- a) The value of π (pi)
- b) The concept of zero
- c) Trigonometric functions
- d) Calculus
- Answer: b) The concept of zero
The Indian mathematical text ‘Brahmasphutasiddhanta’ was authored by which mathematician?
- a) Bhaskara I
- b) Brahmagupta
- c) Varahamihira
- d) Aryabhata
- Answer: b) Brahmagupta
Which ancient Indian text deals extensively with astronomy and astrology?
- a) Aryabhatiya
- b) Surya Siddhanta
- c) Taittiriya Samhita
- d) Manusmriti
- Answer: b) Surya Siddhanta
Who is known for his contributions to the field of mathematics and was also a pioneer in the use of algebra?
- a) Bhaskara II
- b) Brahmagupta
- c) Aryabhata
- d) Panini
- Answer: b) Brahmagupta
The concept of the decimal system was first recorded in which ancient Indian work?
- a) Sushruta Samhita
- b) Aryabhatiya
- c) Charaka Samhita
- d) Brahmasphutasiddhanta
- Answer: d) Brahmasphutasiddhanta
Which Indian scholar made significant contributions to both astronomy and mathematics and accurately calculated the length of the solar year?
- a) Aryabhata
- b) Bhaskara I
- c) Varahamihira
- d) Bhaskara II
- Answer: a) Aryabhata
In which field did Varahamihira make notable contributions through his work ‘Pancha Siddhantika’?
- a) Medicine
- b) Astronomy
- c) Mathematics
- d) Architecture
- Answer: b) Astronomy
Which ancient Indian scholar is credited with creating the first comprehensive system of astrology in India?
- a) Aryabhata
- b) Varahamihira
- c) Bhaskara II
- d) Brahmagupta
- Answer: b) Varahamihira
What ancient Indian text is known for its detailed description of medicinal plants and their uses?
- a) Sushruta Samhita
- b) Charaka Samhita
- c) Ashtanga Hridaya
- d) Rigveda
- Answer: b) Charaka Samhita
Which metal was extensively used in ancient India for medical tools and surgical instruments?
- a) Silver
- b) Gold
- c) Iron
- d) Copper
- Answer: d) Copper
The term ‘Ayurveda’ literally means what?
- a) Science of life
- b) Art of healing
- c) Knowledge of medicine
- d) Study of herbs
- Answer: a) Science of life
Which of the following advancements in surgery was made by Sushruta?
- a) Cesarean section
- b) Heart surgery
- c) Organ transplantation
- d) Brain surgery
- Answer: a) Cesarean section
In ancient India, the practice of surgery was primarily detailed in which text?
- a) Charaka Samhita
- b) Sushruta Samhita
- c) Ashtanga Hridaya
- d) Arthashastra
- Answer: b) Sushruta Samhita
Which ancient Indian scholar was known for their contributions to both poetry and mathematics?
- a) Bhaskara I
- b) Kalidasa
- c) Bhaskara II
- d) Aryabhata
- Answer: c) Bhaskara II
What was the primary contribution of the Indian astronomer Bhaskara I?
- a) Introduction of trigonometry
- b) Correction of Aryabhata’s calculations
- c) Development of calculus
- d) Astronomical observations
- Answer: b) Correction of Aryabhata’s calculations
Who introduced the concept of a ‘sine’ in mathematics in ancient India?
- a) Aryabhata
- b) Bhaskara I
- c) Varahamihira
- d) Brahmagupta
- Answer: a) Aryabhata
Which of the following texts is known for its insights into Indian mathematics and astronomy?
- a) Siddhanta Siromani
- b) Surya Siddhanta
- c) Aryabhatiya
- d) Charaka Samhita
- Answer: b) Surya Siddhanta
Which ancient Indian civilization is known for its advanced understanding of urban planning and drainage systems?
- a) Mauryan
- b) Gupta
- c) Indus Valley
- d) Mughal
- Answer: c) Indus Valley
Who authored the ‘Yuktibhāṣā’, a significant work on mathematics?
- a) Bhaskara I
- b) Bhaskara II
- c) Brahmagupta
- d) Aryabhata
- Answer: b) Bhaskara II
Which ancient Indian text is recognized for its systematic approach to understanding and treating diseases?
- a) Sushruta Samhita
- b) Charaka Samhita
- c) Ashtanga Hridaya
- d) Rigveda
- Answer: b) Charaka Samhita
The concept of ‘Rasa’ in Ayurveda refers to what?
- a) Taste
- b) Energy
- c) Vitality
- d) Body type
- Answer: a) Taste
Which Indian mathematician developed the concept of ‘Pascal’s Triangle’ much earlier than Pascal?
- a) Bhaskara II
- b) Aryabhata
- c) Brahmagupta
- d) Madhava of Sangamagrama
- Answer: d) Madhava of Sangamagrama
What significant astronomical concept was introduced by Aryabhata?
- a) Heliocentric theory
- b) Ecliptic longitude
- c) Lunar eclipse
- d) Sidereal year
- Answer: a) Heliocentric theory
Which of the following describes the ancient Indian contribution to metallurgy?
- a) Iron pillar of Delhi
- b) Bronze statues
- c) Silver coins
- d) Gold ornaments
- Answer: a) Iron pillar of Delhi
The ‘Charaka Samhita’ emphasizes the importance of which aspect of health?
- a) Diet
- b) Exercise
- c) Mental health
- d) Hygiene
- Answer: a) Diet
Which of the following advancements in mathematics was developed in ancient India?
- a) Algebraic expressions
- b) Geometry
- c) Calculus
- d) All of the above
- Answer: d) All of the above
The ancient Indian system of astrology is known as?
- a) Vedic astrology
- b) Jyotish
- c) Kundalini
- d) Tantra
- Answer: b) Jyotish

These MCQs cover a broad range of topics related to India’s scientific advancements during the ancient period, suitable for candidates preparing for civil services examinations.

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