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Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) about the role of Mahatma Gandhi in global history

  1. What was Mahatma Gandhi’s primary philosophy for achieving political and social change?
    • A) Militarism
    • B) Nonviolent resistance (Satyagraha)
    • C) Social Darwinism
    • D) Violent revolution

    Answer: B) Nonviolent resistance (Satyagraha)

  2. In which country did Gandhi first develop and practice his philosophy of nonviolence?
    • A) India
    • B) South Africa
    • C) United Kingdom
    • D) United States

    Answer: B) South Africa

  3. Which event in Gandhi’s early life significantly influenced his commitment to nonviolence?
    • A) The Amritsar Massacre
    • B) The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
    • C) His experience with racial discrimination in South Africa
    • D) The Salt March

    Answer: C) His experience with racial discrimination in South Africa

  4. What was the main goal of Gandhi’s Salt March in 1930?
    • A) To protest British colonial rule and its salt tax
    • B) To promote industrialization in India
    • C) To demand the resignation of British officials
    • D) To secure Indian independence from the British Empire

    Answer: A) To protest British colonial rule and its salt tax

  5. Which of the following was NOT a method used by Gandhi in his campaign for Indian independence?
    • A) Nonviolent protests
    • B) Hunger strikes
    • C) Armed resistance
    • D) Civil disobedience

    Answer: C) Armed resistance

  6. What was the purpose of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed in 1931?
    • A) To end the salt tax and allow Gandhi to participate in the Round Table Conferences
    • B) To negotiate India’s entry into World War II
    • C) To establish a federal system within India
    • D) To create an alliance with the Soviet Union

    Answer: A) To end the salt tax and allow Gandhi to participate in the Round Table Conferences

  7. Which Indian political leader was a key ally of Gandhi in the struggle for independence?
    • A) Jawaharlal Nehru
    • B) Subhas Chandra Bose
    • C) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
    • D) Muhammad Ali Jinnah

    Answer: A) Jawaharlal Nehru

  8. What was Gandhi’s approach to addressing the issue of untouchability in India?
    • A) Encouraging social reform and integration
    • B) Implementing strict legal measures
    • C) Ignoring the issue to focus on independence
    • D) Promoting separate but equal facilities

    Answer: A) Encouraging social reform and integration

  9. Which British Prime Minister did Gandhi have significant negotiations with during his campaign for independence?
    • A) Winston Churchill
    • B) Neville Chamberlain
    • C) Clement Attlee
    • D) Harold Macmillan

    Answer: C) Clement Attlee

  10. What was the significance of the Dandi March (Salt March) in Gandhi’s campaign?
    • A) It highlighted the British monopoly on salt production and inspired mass civil disobedience
    • B) It was a protest against the Indian princely states
    • C) It aimed to establish a new economic system in India
    • D) It was a call for immediate independence from Britain

    Answer: A) It highlighted the British monopoly on salt production and inspired mass civil disobedience

  11. Gandhi’s philosophy and methods influenced which of the following global leaders?
    • A) Nelson Mandela
    • B) Mao Zedong
    • C) Adolf Hitler
    • D) Benito Mussolini

    Answer: A) Nelson Mandela

  12. What was the main focus of Gandhi’s “Quit India” movement launched in 1942?
    • A) To demand an end to British rule in India
    • B) To promote economic reforms
    • C) To improve relations with neighboring countries
    • D) To support the Allied war effort in World War II

    Answer: A) To demand an end to British rule in India

  13. Which Indian state was the center of Gandhi’s nonviolent campaign for rural reform?
    • A) Gujarat
    • B) Punjab
    • C) Bengal
    • D) Tamil Nadu

    Answer: A) Gujarat

  14. What was Gandhi’s position on modern industrialization and technology?
    • A) He fully embraced technological progress
    • B) He advocated for small-scale, self-sufficient villages
    • C) He supported large-scale industrial projects
    • D) He remained indifferent to industrialization

    Answer: B) He advocated for small-scale, self-sufficient villages

  15. Gandhi’s strategy of nonviolent resistance is often referred to as which of the following?
    • A) Ahimsa
    • B) Satyagraha
    • C) Karma Yoga
    • D) Dharma

    Answer: B) Satyagraha

  16. What role did Gandhi play in the partition of India in 1947?
    • A) He actively supported the partition
    • B) He opposed the partition and worked for Hindu-Muslim unity
    • C) He was indifferent to the process
    • D) He served as a mediator in the negotiations

    Answer: B) He opposed the partition and worked for Hindu-Muslim unity

  17. How did Gandhi’s approach to achieving independence contrast with that of Subhas Chandra Bose?
    • A) Bose favored armed struggle, while Gandhi favored nonviolence
    • B) Both leaders supported armed resistance
    • C) Gandhi and Bose had similar strategies for achieving independence
    • D) Bose was a proponent of economic reforms, while Gandhi focused on social issues

    Answer: A) Bose favored armed struggle, while Gandhi favored nonviolence

  18. Which of Gandhi’s campaigns aimed to improve the status of women in India?
    • A) The Khilafat Movement
    • B) The Non-Cooperation Movement
    • C) The Harijan Movement
    • D) The Salt March

    Answer: C) The Harijan Movement

  19. What was Gandhi’s view on Western civilization?
    • A) He praised it for its progress and innovations
    • B) He criticized it for its materialism and loss of moral values
    • C) He considered it irrelevant to India’s struggles
    • D) He sought to integrate Western practices into Indian society

    Answer: B) He criticized it for its materialism and loss of moral values

  20. In which year did Gandhi return to India from South Africa to lead the Indian independence movement?
    • A) 1915
    • B) 1920
    • C) 1930
    • D) 1942

    Answer: A) 1915

  21. What was Gandhi’s role in the Indian National Congress during the struggle for independence?
    • A) He was a founding member
    • B) He served as the party’s President
    • C) He was an advisor, not a leader
    • D) He was an influential member and leader

    Answer: D) He was an influential member and leader

  22. Which of the following was a key principle of Gandhi’s economic policy?
    • A) Large-scale industrialization
    • B) Capitalism and free markets
    • C) Self-reliance and cottage industries
    • D) State-controlled economies

    Answer: C) Self-reliance and cottage industries

  23. Gandhi’s advocacy for which group is reflected in his term “Harijan”?
    • A) The wealthy elite
    • B) Untouchables (Dalits)
    • C) The middle class
    • D) The British expatriates

    Answer: B) Untouchables (Dalits)

  24. What was the main result of the Gandhi-Nehru relationship on the Indian independence movement?
    • A) They often disagreed on strategic approaches
    • B) They collaborated closely to lead the movement
    • C) They worked separately on different aspects of the movement
    • D) They formed a political alliance with the British

    Answer: B) They collaborated closely to lead the movement

  25. Which organization did Gandhi lead in his early campaigns against racial discrimination in South Africa?
    • A) The Indian National Congress
    • B) The Natal Indian Congress
    • C) The African National Congress
    • D) The South African Indian Association

    Answer: B) The Natal Indian Congress

  26. Gandhi’s principles of nonviolence were influenced by which religious or philosophical traditions?
    • A) Christianity and Marxism
    • B) Hinduism and Jainism
    • C) Buddhism and Confucianism
    • D) Zoroastrianism and Shinto

    Answer: B) Hinduism and Jainism

  27. Which major event was a significant turning point in Gandhi’s leadership of the Indian independence movement?
    • A) The signing of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact
    • B) The assassination of Gandhi
    • C) The launch of the “Quit India” movement
    • D) The end of World War II

    Answer: C) The launch of the “Quit India” movement

  28. Which aspect of Gandhi’s philosophy was specifically aimed at improving the conditions of India’s rural population?
    • A) Industrialization and urban development
    • B) Promotion of village industries and self-sufficiency
    • C) Education reforms in urban areas
    • D) Expansion of government services

    Answer: B) Promotion of village industries and self-sufficiency

  29. What was Gandhi’s stance on the partition of India in 1947?
    • A) He supported it as a necessary measure
    • B) He opposed it and advocated for a united India
    • C) He remained neutral on the issue
    • D) He sought to create a federation with Pakistan

    Answer: B) He opposed it and advocated for a united India

  30. How did Gandhi’s philosophy impact civil rights movements around the world?
    • A) It was largely ignored by other movements
    • B) It inspired leaders and movements advocating for social justice and equality
    • C) It was criticized and rejected by global leaders
    • D) It had a limited impact outside of India

    Answer: B) It inspired leaders and movements advocating for social justice and equality

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