Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on the topic “The Decolonization of Africa (1950s-1970s)”

Which of the following countries was the first African nation to gain independence from colonial rule in the 1950s?
- A) Kenya
- B) Ghana
- C) Nigeria
- D) South Africa
Answer: B) Ghana
Who was the first Prime Minister of independent Ghana?
- A) Jomo Kenyatta
- B) Kwame Nkrumah
- C) Nelson Mandela
- D) Patrice Lumumba
Answer: B) Kwame Nkrumah
Which African country gained independence from France in 1960 and was led by Ahmed Sékou Touré?
- A) Guinea
- B) Senegal
- C) Mali
- D) Algeria
Answer: A) Guinea
Which conference in 1884-1885 led to the division of Africa among European powers?
- A) Yalta Conference
- B) Paris Peace Conference
- C) Berlin Conference
- D) Potsdam Conference
Answer: C) Berlin Conference
Which organization was established in 1963 to promote unity and cooperation among African states?
- A) African Union
- B) Organization of African Unity (OAU)
- C) United Nations
- D) Commonwealth of Nations
Answer: B) Organization of African Unity (OAU)
Which African leader is associated with the anti-apartheid movement and was released from prison in 1990?
- A) Kwame Nkrumah
- B) Nelson Mandela
- C) Julius Nyerere
- D) Gamal Abdel Nasser
Answer: B) Nelson Mandela
Which country was the site of a prolonged decolonization struggle against Portuguese rule in the 1960s and 1970s?
- A) Mozambique
- B) Angola
- C) Guinea-Bissau
- D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
Which nationalist movement led by Jomo Kenyatta fought against British colonial rule in Kenya?
- A) Mau Mau Uprising
- B) Zionist Movement
- C) ANC
- D) Negritude Movement
Answer: A) Mau Mau Uprising
Which African nation experienced a civil war immediately after gaining independence in 1960?
- A) Congo (Kinshasa)
- B) Uganda
- C) Nigeria
- D) Sudan
Answer: C) Nigeria
Who was the leader of the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) during the Algerian War of Independence?
- A) Ahmed Ben Bella
- B) Houari Boumediene
- C) Charles de Gaulle
- D) Habib Bourguiba
Answer: A) Ahmed Ben Bella
Which African country gained independence from Belgium in 1960 and faced immediate political instability?
- A) Rwanda
- B) Burundi
- C) Congo (Kinshasa)
- D) Chad
Answer: C) Congo (Kinshasa)
Which movement in South Africa aimed to end apartheid and was led by Nelson Mandela?
- A) ANC (African National Congress)
- B) PAC (Pan Africanist Congress)
- C) IFP (Inkatha Freedom Party)
- D) UDF (United Democratic Front)
Answer: A) ANC (African National Congress)
Which African leader is known for his policy of “African socialism” and led Tanzania to independence?
- A) Julius Nyerere
- B) Kwame Nkrumah
- C) Patrice Lumumba
- D) Leopold Sedar Senghor
Answer: A) Julius Nyerere
In which year did Kenya gain its independence from British colonial rule?
- A) 1957
- B) 1960
- C) 1963
- D) 1965
Answer: C) 1963
Which movement in Algeria sought to end French colonial rule and was led by the FLN?
- A) The Red Army
- B) The Mau Mau Uprising
- C) The Algerian War of Independence
- D) The Tanzanian Revolution
Answer: C) The Algerian War of Independence
Which African country gained independence from France in 1960 and was known for its unique form of Marxist-Leninism under President Modibo Keita?
- A) Mali
- B) Senegal
- C) Ivory Coast
- D) Niger
Answer: A) Mali
Who was the leader of the Pan-African movement and one of the founding members of the Organization of African Unity (OAU)?
- A) Kwame Nkrumah
- B) W.E.B. Du Bois
- C) Marcus Garvey
- D) Edward Wilmot Blyden
Answer: A) Kwame Nkrumah
Which African leader was known for his role in decolonization and was assassinated in 1961?
- A) Patrice Lumumba
- B) Kwame Nkrumah
- C) Julius Nyerere
- D) Ahmed Ben Bella
Answer: A) Patrice Lumumba
Which African country was known for its policy of “Apartheid” until the early 1990s?
- A) Zimbabwe
- B) Kenya
- C) South Africa
- D) Namibia
Answer: C) South Africa
Which region of Africa was particularly resistant to decolonization due to the presence of valuable resources and strategic interests, leading to prolonged struggles?
- A) West Africa
- B) North Africa
- C) Central Africa
- D) Southern Africa
Answer: D) Southern Africa
Which African country had a significant role in the decolonization process through its opposition to French colonial policies and its involvement in the African independence movements?
- A) Egypt
- B) Ethiopia
- C) Libya
- D) Sudan
Answer: B) Ethiopia
Which African leader implemented a policy of “non-alignment” during the Cold War and was a prominent figure in the movement for African independence?
- A) Gamal Abdel Nasser
- B) Julius Nyerere
- C) Nelson Mandela
- D) Kwame Nkrumah
Answer: A) Gamal Abdel Nasser
Which country did not gain independence from European colonial powers until the 1970s?
- A) Uganda
- B) Mozambique
- C) Ghana
- D) Nigeria
Answer: B) Mozambique
Which African country’s decolonization was marked by a protracted conflict involving white settlers and a guerilla war led by the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU)?
- A) South Africa
- B) Zimbabwe
- C) Namibia
- D) Angola
Answer: B) Zimbabwe
Which leader of Guinea advocated for a form of socialism and was known for his anti-colonial stance?
- A) Ahmed Sékou Touré
- B) Léopold Sédar Senghor
- C) Jomo Kenyatta
- D) Daniel arap Moi
Answer: A) Ahmed Sékou Touré
What was the main reason for the protracted nature of decolonization in Algeria compared to other African countries?
- A) Its strategic location and resources
- B) The presence of large settler communities
- C) Its geographic isolation
- D) Its small population
Answer: B) The presence of large settler communities
Which African country’s decolonization process was marked by significant U.S. and Soviet involvement during the Cold War?
- A) Nigeria
- B) Angola
- C) Ghana
- D) South Africa
Answer: B) Angola
Which political philosophy, promoted by Leopold Sedar Senghor, emphasized the cultural unity of Africa and its intellectual independence from Western ideologies?
- A) Negritude
- B) Pan-Africanism
- C) Marxism
- D) Liberalism
Answer: A) Negritude
Which African country experienced a series of military coups and a long civil war following its independence from French rule in 1960?
- A) Mali
- B) Burkina Faso
- C) Ivory Coast
- D) Chad
Answer: D) Chad
Which of the following countries achieved independence from Britain in the 1960s and was led by its first Prime Minister, Sir Seretse Khama?
- A) Botswana
- B) Zambia
- C) Malawi
- D) Tanzania
Answer: A) Botswana

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