CBSE Class 12 Chemistry — Syllabus 2025-26

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Categories CBSE Syllabus 2025 - 2026
Date 27/09/2025

Chapter-wise syllabus for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry (2025-26, Subject Code 043) as per the official CBSE/NCERT document: (CBSE Academic)

CBSE Class 12 Chemistry — Syllabus 2025-26

Unit / Chapter	Chapter Title	Key Topics / Sub-topics
Unit I	Solutions	• Types of solutions • Expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids • Solubility of gases in liquids • Solid solutions • Raoult’s law • Colligative properties: relative lowering of vapor pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure • Determination of molecular masses using colligative properties • Abnormal molecular mass • van’t Hoff factor
Unit II	Electrochemistry	• Redox reactions • EMF of a cell • Standard electrode potential • Nernst equation and its applications to chemical cells • Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell • Conductance in electrolytic solutions: specific and molar conductivity • Variation of conductivity with concentration • Kohlrausch’s Law • Electrolysis & law of electrolysis (elementary idea) • Dry cell, electrolytic cells, Galvanic cells • Lead accumulator, fuel cells • Corrosion
Unit III	Chemical Kinetics	• Rate of a reaction (average & instantaneous) • Factors affecting rate: concentration, temperature, catalyst • Order and molecularity of a reaction • Rate law and specific rate constant • Integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order) • Concept of collision theory (elementary idea; no detailed mathematical treatment) • Activation energy, Arrhenius equation
Unit IV	d- and f-Block Elements	• General introduction to transition metals • Electronic configuration, occurrence & characteristics of transition metals • Trends in properties: metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, magnetic properties • Interstitial compounds, alloys • Preparation & properties of K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄ • Lanthanoids: electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity, lanthanoid contraction and its consequences • Actinoids: electronic configuration, oxidation states, comparison with lanthanoids
Unit V	Coordination Compounds	• Coordination compounds: introduction, ligands, coordination number • Colour, magnetic properties, shapes • IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds • Bonding theories: Werner’s theory, valence bond theory (VBT), crystal field theory (CFT) • Structure & stereoisomerism • Importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals, biological systems)
Unit VI	Haloalkanes and Haloarenes	• Haloalkanes: nomenclature, nature of C–X bond • Physical & chemical properties • Mechanism of substitution reactions; optical activity • Haloarenes: nature of C–X bond • Substitution reactions (directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds) • Uses & environmental effects of compounds like dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT
Unit VII	Alcohols, Phenols & Ethers	• Alcohols: nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (primary alcohols only) • Identification (primary, secondary, tertiary) • Mechanism of dehydration • Uses (focus on methanol, ethanol) • Phenols: nomenclature, methods of preparation, properties, acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses • Ethers: nomenclature, preparation, properties, uses
Unit VIII	Aldehydes, Ketones & Carboxylic Acids	• Aldehydes & Ketones: nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation • Physical & chemical properties • Mechanism of nucleophilic addition • Reactivity of α-hydrogen in aldehydes • Uses • Carboxylic Acids: nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation • Physical & chemical properties; uses
Unit IX	Amines	• Amines: nomenclature, classification, structure • Methods of preparation • Physical & chemical properties • Uses • Identification of primary, secondary, tertiary amines • Diazonium salts: preparation, chemical reactions, importance in synthetic organic chemistry
Unit X	Biomolecules	• Carbohydrates: classification into aldoses & ketoses; monosaccharides (glucose, fructose), D/L configurations; oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose); polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen); importance of carbohydrates • Proteins: basic idea of amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides & proteins; structure of proteins (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary forms; qualitative) • Denaturation of proteins; enzymes • Hormones: elementary idea (excluding structure) • Vitamins: classification & functions • Nucleic Acids: DNA & RNA

Practical / Laboratory Component (Class 12)
Some of the practicals included are:

Preparation of lyophilic & lyophobic sols; dialysis; study of emulsifying agents (EduStud)
Kinetics experiment: effect of concentration & temperature (e.g. reaction between sodium thiosulfate & HCl)
Volumetric analysis (e.g. preparation of standard solution, titration)
Salt / qualitative analysis: determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt; detection of functional groups in organic compounds (e.g. nitrogen, halogen)

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