1. Which of the following is an asexual method of reproduction common in many pteridophytes?

2. The multicellular haploid structure that arises from a fern spore is called the

3. In bisexual (monoecious) gametophytes of many ferns, both antheridia and archegonia are present. True or False?

4. What is the immediate product of fertilization in pteridophytes?

5. Which organ produces male gametes in the fern gametophyte?

6. Heterospory is a condition where

7. Which pteridophyte is heterosporous and important as an example in NCERT?

8. In homosporous pteridophytes, spores usually produce

9. The tube formed by the growing pollen in seed plants is analogous to which pteridophytic structure/function? (conceptual analogy)

10. Which structure anchors the prothallus and helps in absorption?

11. Which term describes the presence of both male and female reproductive organs on separate gametophytes?

12. In Selaginella, microspores germinate to form

13. Vegetative reproduction in ferns may involve which of the following parts?

14. The antherozoids (sperm) of ferns are

15. In pteridophyte alternation of generations, which process produces haploid spores?

16. Which term refers to a gametophyte that develops from a megaspore in heterosporous plants?

17. Which structure in the gametophyte secretes substances that attract sperm towards the archegonium?

18. Which of the following is a protective structure around megasporangia in some heterosporous pteridophytes (e.g., Selaginella) that aids retention of the megaspore?

19. Which of the following best describes the role of water in sexual reproduction of most pteridophytes?

20. Which of the following statements about alternation of generations in pteridophytes is correct?

21. In ferns, where are sporangia typically located?

22. Which of the following is true about the prothallus of ferns?

23. Which process ensures genetic recombination in pteridophytes?

24. Which of the following best describes apospory or apogamy? (conceptual)

25. Which of the following pteridophytes exhibits strobili (cone-like structures) bearing sporangia?

26. During spore germination in many ferns, the first structure produced is

27. The protective jacket layer surrounding the antheridium that breaks to release sperm is called

28. Which statement about feature differences between homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes is correct?

29. Which cell division process in the sporophyte gives rise to spores in sporangia?

30. Which of the following best explains why pteridophyte reproduction is significant for understanding plant evolution?