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Chapter 1: The Living World
Biodiversity; Need for classification; three domains of life; taxonomy and systematics; concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature.
17
Chapter 2: Biological Classification
Five kingdom classifications; Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi; Lichens, Viruses and Viroids.
28
Chapter 3: Plant Kingdom
Classification into major groups; Features and examples of Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae (Excluded: Angiosperms, Plant Life Cycle & Alternation of Generations).
24
Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom
Salient features and classification: Non-chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to class level; examples of each. (No live specimens to be displayed).
34
Chapter 5: Morphology of Flowering Plants
Morphology of root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit, seed; description of family Solanaceae.
46

Systematics – Role in Evolutionary Relationships

Systematics & Evolutionary Relationships — 30 Q Quiz (30 min)

Systematics & Evolutionary Relationships — 30 Question Quiz

Unit 1: Diversity of Living Organisms • Chapter 1: The Living World — Systematics (NCERT)

Time: 30:00

1. What is systematics?

A. Study of biological diversity and evolutionary relationships B. Study of soil layers C. Study of atmospheric gases D. Study of plant physiology only

2. Phylogeny refers to:

A. Soil formation history B. Evolutionary history and relationships of organisms C. Types of ecosystems D. Plant growth rate

3. Cladistics groups organisms based on:

A. Geographic distribution B. Economic uses C. Shared derived characters (synapomorphies) D. Colour patterns only

4. Homologous characters indicate:

A. Different origin and same function B. Superficial similarity only C. Always analogous structures D. Common ancestry and similar origin

5. Analogy refers to similarity due to:

A. Common ancestry B. Convergent evolution (similar function, different origin) C. Genetic identity D. Shared habitat only

6. Which is a molecular tool used in modern systematics?

A. DNA sequencing and rRNA analysis B. Only leaf shape comparison C. Measuring rainfall D. Counting animal populations

7. Which diagram represents evolutionary relationships?

A. Bar graph B. Pie chart C. Phylogenetic tree (cladogram) D. Line diagram of weather

8. Which character type is most useful for constructing deep phylogenies?

A. Flower colour only B. Molecular (DNA/protein) characters C. Local names D. Height of organisms

9. Which method emphasises shared derived characters?

A. Numerical taxonomy B. Artificial classification C. Phenetics based on overall similarity D. Cladistics

10. Who popularised the use of rRNA to study evolutionary relationships?

A. Carl Woese B. Linnaeus C. Darwin D. Mendel

11. A synapomorphy is a:

A. Primitive character shared by all groups B. Random mutation only C. Shared derived character indicating common ancestry D. Behavioural trait unique to one individual

12. Homoplasy refers to:

A. Shared derived character always B. Independent evolution of similar traits (convergence) C. Genetic drift only D. Fossilisation process

13. Which data source can mislead phylogeny if used alone due to horizontal gene transfer?

A. Morphology only B. Behavioural traits only C. Fossil records only D. Certain gene sequences in prokaryotes

14. Which is an example of a derived character in tetrapods?

A. Presence of four limbs B. Presence of gills C. Aquatic lifestyle D. Presence of scales

15. Which approach compares many characters numerically to assess similarity?

A. Cladistics B. Classical descriptive taxonomy C. Numerical taxonomy (phenetics) D. Astrology

16. Fossils are important because they:

A. Show current species only B. Provide historical evidence of past life and evolutionary change C. Are irrelevant to evolution D. Only show plant remains

17. Which is true about molecular clocks?

A. They measure geological time directly B. They are always perfectly accurate C. They ignore mutation rates D. They estimate divergence times using genetic change rates

18. Which character would be considered plesiomorphic (primitive)?

A. Presence of backbone in vertebrates B. Feathered wings in birds C. Hair in mammals D. Mammary glands in mammals

19. Which term describes branching pattern showing relationships?

A. Food web B. Geographical map C. Cladogram or phylogenetic tree D. Weather chart

20. Which practice helps avoid errors due to homoplasy?

A. Using only one morphological trait B. Combining multiple lines of evidence (morphology, molecules, fossils) C. Ignoring molecular data D. Relying solely on habitat similarity

21. Which is an outcome of systematics?

A. Random species names B. Only economic classifications C. Increased confusion in research D. Well-supported hypotheses of evolutionary relationships

22. Which character is less likely to be homoplastic?

A. Complex molecular sequences B. Simple colour patterns C. Habitat preference D. Body size alone

23. Which analysis estimates evolutionary distances using DNA differences?

A. Phenetic mean only B. Observational study C. Molecular phylogenetic analysis D. Weather modelling

24. Which type of taxonomic character changes rapidly and may reflect recent adaptation?

A. Ribosomal RNA sequences B. Morphological traits like coloration C. Deep conserved protein motifs D. Fossilised bone structure

25. Which statement about cladograms is correct?

A. Branching pattern shows relationships, not necessarily time B. They show exact ages of taxa C. They are based solely on common names D. They are irrelevant to evolution

26. Which is a limitation of using only morphological data?

A. It is always more accurate than molecular data B. It never reflects adaptation C. It can detect ancient relationships perfectly D. Convergent evolution can mask true relationships

27. Which concept defines monophyletic group?

A. Group with members from different ancestors B. Group consisting of an ancestor and all its descendants C. Group with no common ancestry D. Random assemblage of species

28. Which is true about evolutionary systematics?

A. It ignores ancestral relationships B. It uses only molecular clocks C. It combines phylogeny with degree of evolutionary change D. It is identical to numerical taxonomy

29. Which is an advantage of integrating fossil data into systematics?

A. It provides temporal context and ancestral forms B. It confuses relationships always C. It replaces molecular data D. It is irrelevant to classification

30. Which practice improves reliability of systematic hypotheses?

A. Using a single gene only B. Using multiple genes and data types for analysis C. Ignoring fossil evidence D. Relying on common names

Instructions: 30 multiple-choice questions • Time: 30 minutes • Select one answer per question. Results & explanations appear after you submit. Auto-submit when time ends.

The study of Systematics – Role in Evolutionary Relationships is central to understanding biodiversity and its organization. Systematics not only identifies and classifies organisms but also explains their evolutionary relationships through phylogeny, cladistics, and molecular evidence. This chapter in NCERT Class 11 Biology highlights how systematics integrates taxonomy with evolutionary biology to provide a complete picture of life’s diversity. To help students master these concepts, we offer a set of CBSE Class 11 Biology MCQs Systematics, crafted strictly according to the NCERT syllabus. These questions cover key ideas like homologous and analogous traits, phylogenetic trees, molecular tools, and applications in conservation. With an online practice test featuring automatic scoring and instant feedback, students can self-assess their learning effectively. This resource is highly valuable for CBSE board exam preparation and equally beneficial for NEET-UG aspirants who aim to strengthen their fundamentals.

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Taxonomy – Meaning, Scope and Applications

Concept of Species – Biological and Morphological

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