📘 CBSE Class 9 Science – Matter in Our Surroundings

📝 Part 1: MCQs (Q1–Q25)

Q1. Matter is defined as anything that:

A) Occupies space and has mass
B) Has energy but no volume
C) Does not occupy space
D) Exists only in solid state

✅ Answer: A) Occupies space and has mass

• A) Correct: Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
• B) Incorrect: Energy is not considered matter.
• C) Incorrect: All matter occupies space.
• D) Incorrect: Matter exists in all three states (solid, liquid, gas).

Q2. Which of the following is NOT a state of matter?

A) Solid
B) Gas
C) Plasma
D) Energy

✅ Answer: D) Energy

• A) Incorrect: Solid is a state of matter.
• B) Incorrect: Gas is a state of matter.
• C) Incorrect: Plasma is also a state of matter.
• D) Correct: Energy is not matter; it does not have mass or volume.

Q3. The intermolecular force of attraction is strongest in:

A) Solids
B) Liquids
C) Gases
D) Plasma

✅ Answer: A) Solids

• A) Correct: In solids, molecules are tightly packed due to strong forces.
• B) Incorrect: Weaker than solids.
• C) Incorrect: Very weak in gases.
• D) Incorrect: Plasma particles move freely with minimal attraction.

Q4. The property of diffusion is fastest in:

A) Solids
B) Liquids
C) Gases
D) Plasma

✅ Answer: C) Gases

• A) Incorrect: Diffusion in solids is negligible.
• B) Incorrect: Slower in liquids.
• C) Correct: Gas particles move randomly at high speed → fast diffusion.
• D) Incorrect: Plasma is ionized gas but diffusion concept applies differently.

Q5. Which process converts a solid directly into gas?

A) Fusion
B) Sublimation
C) Condensation
D) Evaporation

✅ Answer: B) Sublimation

• A) Incorrect: Fusion = solid → liquid.
• B) Correct: Sublimation = solid → gas (e.g., naphthalene, camphor).
• C) Incorrect: Condensation = gas → liquid.
• D) Incorrect: Evaporation = liquid → gas.

Q6. The SI unit of pressure is:

A) Bar
B) Newton
C) Pascal
D) Joule

✅ Answer: C) Pascal

• A) Incorrect: Bar is a larger pressure unit.
• B) Incorrect: Newton = unit of force.
• C) Correct: Pascal = N/m² = SI unit of pressure.
• D) Incorrect: Joule = energy unit.

Q7. The boiling point of water at 1 atm pressure is:

A) 0°C
B) 50°C
C) 100°C
D) 212°C

✅ Answer: C) 100°C

• A) Incorrect: 0°C = freezing point.
• B) Incorrect: 50°C is below boiling point.
• C) Correct: At standard pressure, water boils at 100°C.
• D) Incorrect: 212°F, not °C.

Q8. Which of the following shows high compressibility?

A) Solids
B) Liquids
C) Gases
D) All of these

✅ Answer: C) Gases

• A) Incorrect: Solids are almost incompressible.
• B) Incorrect: Liquids are slightly compressible.
• C) Correct: Gases can be compressed greatly.
• D) Incorrect: Not all states are equally compressible.

Q9. Which is an example of sublimation?

A) Melting of ice
B) Boiling of water
C) Dry ice changing into CO₂ gas
D) Formation of dew

✅ Answer: C) Dry ice changing into CO₂ gas

• A) Incorrect: Ice melting → liquid, not sublimation.
• B) Incorrect: Water boiling → liquid to gas.
• C) Correct: Dry ice → directly into gas.
• D) Incorrect: Dew = condensation.

Q10. The particles of matter are held together by:

A) Energy
B) Intermolecular forces
C) Vacuum
D) Pressure

✅ Answer: B) Intermolecular forces

• A) Incorrect: Energy enables motion, not binding.
• B) Correct: Attraction between particles holds them.
• C) Incorrect: Vacuum does not bind matter.
• D) Incorrect: Pressure is external force, not binding force.

Q11. The change of liquid into vapour at any temperature below its boiling point is called:

A) Evaporation
B) Sublimation
C) Condensation
D) Fusion

✅ Answer: A) Evaporation

• A) Correct: Evaporation occurs at all temperatures below boiling point.
• B) Incorrect: Sublimation = solid → gas.
• C) Incorrect: Condensation = gas → liquid.
• D) Incorrect: Fusion = solid → liquid.

Q12. Which factor does NOT affect the rate of evaporation?

A) Surface area
B) Temperature
C) Wind speed
D) Color of liquid

✅ Answer: D) Color of liquid

• A) Incorrect: Larger surface area → faster evaporation.
• B) Incorrect: Higher temperature → faster evaporation.
• C) Incorrect: Wind speed increases evaporation.
• D) Correct: Color has no effect on evaporation.

Q13. Camphor disappears when kept in open air. This is due to:

A) Evaporation
B) Fusion
C) Sublimation
D) Condensation

✅ Answer: C) Sublimation

• A) Incorrect: Evaporation applies to liquids, not solids.
• B) Incorrect: Fusion = solid → liquid.
• C) Correct: Camphor changes directly from solid → gas.
• D) Incorrect: Condensation = gas → liquid.

Q14. The melting point of ice at normal atmospheric pressure is:

A) 100°C
B) 0°C
C) 37°C
D) –273°C

✅ Answer: B) 0°C

• A) Incorrect: 100°C = boiling point of water.
• B) Correct: Ice melts at 0°C at 1 atm pressure.
• C) Incorrect: 37°C = body temperature.
• D) Incorrect: –273°C = absolute zero.

Q15. Which one is a physical change?

A) Rusting of iron
B) Burning of coal
C) Melting of wax
D) Digestion of food

✅ Answer: C) Melting of wax

• A) Incorrect: Rusting is a chemical change.
• B) Incorrect: Burning is a chemical change.
• C) Correct: Melting is reversible → physical change.
• D) Incorrect: Digestion is chemical.

Q16. Latent heat of fusion is the heat energy required to:

A) Change solid into liquid at its melting point
B) Change liquid into gas at boiling point
C) Increase temperature of solid by 1°C
D) Evaporate water below boiling point

✅ Answer: A) Change solid into liquid at its melting point

• A) Correct: Latent heat of fusion = energy absorbed without temp rise.
• B) Incorrect: That is latent heat of vaporization.
• C) Incorrect: That is specific heat.
• D) Incorrect: Evaporation is different.

Q17. Which phenomenon explains why ice at 0°C feels colder than water at 0°C?

A) Conduction
B) Convection
C) Latent heat of fusion
D) Sublimation

✅ Answer: C) Latent heat of fusion

• A) Incorrect: Conduction is heat transfer mechanism.
• B) Incorrect: Convection is bulk fluid motion.
• C) Correct: Ice absorbs extra heat (latent heat) to melt.
• D) Incorrect: Sublimation not involved here.

Q18. What happens to the particles of matter during heating?

A) They come closer
B) They vibrate with less energy
C) They move apart and vibrate faster
D) They stop moving

✅ Answer: C) They move apart and vibrate faster

• A) Incorrect: Heating increases separation.
• B) Incorrect: Energy increases, not decreases.
• C) Correct: Heat increases kinetic energy → more vibration and distance.
• D) Incorrect: Particles never stop moving.

Q19. Which statement about diffusion is correct?

A) It occurs only in solids
B) It is faster in liquids than gases
C) It occurs due to random motion of particles
D) It requires external energy

✅ Answer: C) It occurs due to random motion of particles

• A) Incorrect: Happens in all states.
• B) Incorrect: Faster in gases than liquids.
• C) Correct: Random motion drives diffusion.
• D) Incorrect: No external energy required.

Q20. Which of the following has no fixed shape but fixed volume?

A) Solid
B) Liquid
C) Gas
D) Plasma

✅ Answer: B) Liquid

• A) Incorrect: Solids have fixed shape + volume.
• B) Correct: Liquids → fixed volume, take shape of container.
• C) Incorrect: Gases have neither fixed shape nor volume.
• D) Incorrect: Plasma behaves like gases.

Q21. Which is NOT an example of matter?

A) Air
B) Sound
C) Stone
D) Water

✅ Answer: B) Sound

• A) Incorrect: Air has mass and volume.
• B) Correct: Sound is energy, not matter.
• C) Incorrect: Stone is solid matter.
• D) Incorrect: Water is matter.

Q22. What is the SI unit of temperature?

A) Celsius
B) Fahrenheit
C) Kelvin
D) Degree

✅ Answer: C) Kelvin

• A) Incorrect: Celsius is not SI unit.
• B) Incorrect: Fahrenheit is older scale.
• C) Correct: Kelvin is SI unit.
• D) Incorrect: Degree is a general term.

Q23. Which process is used in making dry ice?

A) Freezing
B) Condensation of CO₂ gas under high pressure
C) Evaporation of CO₂ liquid
D) Sublimation of water

✅ Answer: B) Condensation of CO₂ gas under high pressure

• A) Incorrect: Freezing refers to water.
• B) Correct: CO₂ gas under pressure forms dry ice (solid CO₂).
• C) Incorrect: Evaporation is opposite.
• D) Incorrect: Sublimation of water is not possible.

Q24. Which of these does NOT involve latent heat?

A) Melting of ice
B) Boiling of water
C) Heating of water from 30°C to 40°C
D) Evaporation of alcohol

✅ Answer: C) Heating of water from 30°C to 40°C

• A) Incorrect: Melting involves latent heat of fusion.
• B) Incorrect: Boiling involves latent heat of vaporization.
• C) Correct: This is sensible heat (rise in temperature).
• D) Incorrect: Evaporation also uses latent heat.

Q25. Which one has the weakest intermolecular force?

A) Solid
B) Liquid
C) Gas
D) Plasma

✅ Answer: C) Gas

• A) Incorrect: Solids have strongest forces.
• B) Incorrect: Liquids have intermediate.
• C) Correct: Gas particles are far apart → very weak forces.
• D) Incorrect: Plasma behaves like gases but with charged particles.

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