🌍 Natural Resources – Class 9 Science MCQs

Section 2: Water, Water Cycle & Pollution (Q26–Q50)

Q26. The circulation of water between land, oceans, and atmosphere is called:

A. Nitrogen cycle
B. Carbon cycle
C. Water cycle
D. Oxygen cycle

✅ Correct Answer: C. Water cycle

Explanation:

• Water continuously moves through evaporation, condensation, precipitation.

Q27. The largest reservoir of fresh water on Earth is:

A. Rivers
B. Groundwater
C. Glaciers and ice caps
D. Lakes

✅ Correct Answer: C. Glaciers and ice caps

Q28. The process of water changing from liquid to vapour is called:

A. Condensation
B. Evaporation
C. Precipitation
D. Infiltration

✅ Correct Answer: B. Evaporation

Q29. The process of vapour cooling to form droplets is called:

A. Evaporation
B. Condensation
C. Infiltration
D. Runoff

✅ Correct Answer: B. Condensation

Q30. The process of rainwater seeping into the soil is:

A. Evaporation
B. Infiltration
C. Transpiration
D. Runoff

✅ Correct Answer: B. Infiltration

Q31. The main source of drinking water in villages is:

A. Rivers
B. Groundwater
C. Oceans
D. Rainwater harvesting

✅ Correct Answer: B. Groundwater

Q32. Water pollution is caused by:

A. Industrial waste
B. Sewage
C. Agricultural chemicals
D. All of these

✅ Correct Answer: D. All of these

Q33. Which of these is NOT a water pollutant?

A. Plastics
B. Fertilizers
C. Oxygen
D. Sewage

✅ Correct Answer: C. Oxygen

Q34. Eutrophication of lakes is caused by:

A. Excess fertilizers (nitrates & phosphates)
B. High oxygen level
C. Drinking water
D. Forests

✅ Correct Answer: A. Excess fertilizers (nitrates & phosphates)

Explanation:

• Fertilizers → algal bloom → oxygen depletion → fish die.

Q35. The main cause of water scarcity in India is:

A. High rainfall
B. Over-exploitation and pollution
C. More rivers
D. Less agriculture

✅ Correct Answer: B. Over-exploitation and pollution

Q36. Which gas is dissolved in water for aquatic life?

A. CO₂
B. O₂
C. N₂
D. CH₄

✅ Correct Answer: B. O₂

Q37. Which activity reduces groundwater levels?

A. Afforestation
B. Over-pumping of wells
C. Rainwater harvesting
D. Drip irrigation

✅ Correct Answer: B. Over-pumping of wells

Q38. The main cause of fluorosis in humans is:

A. Excess calcium
B. Excess fluoride in water
C. Excess oxygen
D. Excess iodine

✅ Correct Answer: B. Excess fluoride in water

Q39. The main cause of waterborne diseases like cholera is:

A. Industrial waste
B. Contaminated drinking water
C. Air pollution
D. Noise pollution

✅ Correct Answer: B. Contaminated drinking water

Q40. Which of the following is a method of water conservation?

A. Deforestation
B. Rainwater harvesting
C. Overuse of groundwater
D. Dumping waste

✅ Correct Answer: B. Rainwater harvesting

Q41. Potable water means:

A. Water used for agriculture
B. Water used for industries
C. Water safe for drinking
D. Water used for cleaning

✅ Correct Answer: C. Water safe for drinking

Q42. Which of the following diseases is NOT waterborne?

A. Cholera
B. Typhoid
C. Malaria
D. Hepatitis A

✅ Correct Answer: C. Malaria

Explanation:

• Malaria is mosquito-borne, not waterborne.

Q43. Which method removes germs from water?

A. Filtration
B. Boiling
C. Chlorination
D. All of these

✅ Correct Answer: D. All of these

Q44. Hardness of water is due to salts of:

A. Na and K
B. Ca and Mg
C. Fe and Zn
D. Cl and SO₄

✅ Correct Answer: B. Ca and Mg

Q45. Arsenic pollution in groundwater causes:

A. Skin cancer
B. Fluorosis
C. Scurvy
D. Rickets

✅ Correct Answer: A. Skin cancer

Q46. Which human activity reduces water pollution?

A. Sewage treatment
B. Dumping plastics in rivers
C. Washing clothes in rivers
D. Industrial discharge into lakes

✅ Correct Answer: A. Sewage treatment

Q47. Which process of water cycle is driven by plants?

A. Precipitation
B. Transpiration
C. Runoff
D. Condensation

✅ Correct Answer: B. Transpiration

Q48. The largest source of freshwater available for use by humans is:

A. Rivers
B. Lakes
C. Groundwater
D. Oceans

✅ Correct Answer: C. Groundwater

Q49. Water pollution affects:

A. Aquatic plants
B. Aquatic animals
C. Humans
D. All of these

✅ Correct Answer: D. All of these

Q50. Which of these is NOT a method of conserving water?

A. Drip irrigation
B. Rainwater harvesting
C. Lining canals
D. Over-irrigation

✅ Correct Answer: D. Over-irrigation

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