MCQs on “India’s Defense Modernization: Balancing National Security and Budget Constraints”

1. What is the primary objective of India’s defense modernization program?
   a) Promote defense exports
   b) Strengthen domestic manufacturing
   c) Enhance national security
   d) Reduce military spending
   Answer: c) Enhance national security
2. Which policy aims to boost self-reliance in defense manufacturing in India?
   a) Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan
   b) Make in India
   c) Digital India
   d) Startup India
   Answer: a) Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan
3. What is the name of India’s indigenously developed light combat aircraft?
   a) Sukhoi
   b) Tejas
   c) Rafale
   d) Mirage
   Answer: b) Tejas
4. Which organization oversees defense research and development in India?
   a) ISRO
   b) DRDO
   c) HAL
   d) BEL
   Answer: b) DRDO
5. The Strategic Partnership Model in India’s defense sector was introduced in which year?
   a) 2012
   b) 2016
   c) 2017
   d) 2020
   Answer: c) 2017
6. Which Indian-made artillery gun has been inducted into the Indian Army?
   a) Agni
   b) Pinaka
   c) Dhanush
   d) Akash
   Answer: c) Dhanush
7. What is the major challenge in India’s defense modernization efforts?
   a) Lack of talent
   b) Budget constraints
   c) Political instability
   d) International sanctions
   Answer: b) Budget constraints
8. India signed a defense procurement deal for Rafale jets with which country?
   a) Russia
   b) France
   c) Israel
   d) USA
   Answer: b) France
9. Which Indian Navy project focuses on building indigenous submarines?
   a) Project Shakti
   b) Project Varsha
   c) Project 75
   d) Project 2025
   Answer: c) Project 75
10. The S-400 Triumf missile system was procured from which country?
    a) USA
    b) Israel
    c) France
    d) Russia
    Answer: d) Russia
11. What percentage of GDP does India allocate to defense spending approximately?
    a) 1%
    b) 2%
    c) 3%
    d) 4%
    Answer: b) 2%
12. The Indian Armed Forces are divided into how many primary branches?
    a) Two
    b) Three
    c) Four
    d) Five
    Answer: b) Three
13. What is the focus of the Defense Acquisition Procedure (DAP), 2020?
    a) Export facilitation
    b) Indigenization and procurement efficiency
    c) Increasing imports
    d) Downsizing the armed forces
    Answer: b) Indigenization and procurement efficiency
14. Which Indian missile system is capable of intercepting incoming enemy missiles?
    a) Prithvi
    b) Agni
    c) Akash
    d) Barak-8
    Answer: d) Barak-8
15. What is the primary role of the Chief of Defense Staff (CDS) in India?
    a) Lead the Air Force
    b) Integrate tri-services operations
    c) Command the Navy
    d) Oversee paramilitary forces
    Answer: b) Integrate tri-services operations
16. Which program emphasizes technology transfer in defense manufacturing?
    a) Defense Offset Policy
    b) Make in India
    c) Skill India Mission
    d) Startup India
    Answer: a) Defense Offset Policy
17. The term ‘dual-use technology’ refers to technologies that:
    a) Are used only in space exploration
    b) Have both civilian and military applications
    c) Are exclusively for defense purposes
    d) Are developed by private companies
    Answer: b) Have both civilian and military applications
18. Which organization is responsible for auditing India’s defense spending?
    a) Ministry of Finance
    b) CAG (Comptroller and Auditor General)
    c) DRDO
    d) NITI Aayog
    Answer: b) CAG (Comptroller and Auditor General)
19. India’s Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP) was led by:
    a) Vikram Sarabhai
    b) Homi Bhabha
    c) APJ Abdul Kalam
    d) R Chidambaram
    Answer: c) APJ Abdul Kalam
20. Which indigenously developed tank is a part of India’s defense modernization?
    a) T-90
    b) Arjun
    c) BMP-2
    d) K9 Vajra
    Answer: b) Arjun
21. Which policy aims to reduce India’s defense imports to below 30% by 2030?
    a) Draft Defense Production Policy
    b) National Security Strategy
    c) Defense Procurement Policy
    d) Strategic Partnership Model
    Answer: a) Draft Defense Production Policy
22. Which Indian-made radar system is used by the Air Force?
    a) Phalcon
    b) Rajendra
    c) AN/TPS-77
    d) Elta
    Answer: b) Rajendra
23. The Indian Ocean Region is critical to India’s defense due to:
    a) Its proximity to Russia
    b) Its rich oil reserves
    c) Strategic shipping lanes
    d) Availability of fresh water
    Answer: c) Strategic shipping lanes
24. The defense corridor initiative in India focuses on:
    a) Exporting defense products
    b) Establishing manufacturing hubs
    c) Increasing foreign investment
    d) All of the above
    Answer: d) All of the above
25. Which of the following is a key component of India’s nuclear deterrence strategy?
    a) Cold Start Doctrine
    b) No First Use Policy
    c) Preemptive Strike Doctrine
    d) Mutual Assured Destruction
    Answer: b) No First Use Policy
26. Which country is India’s largest defense supplier as of recent years?
    a) Russia
    b) USA
    c) France
    d) Israel
    Answer: a) Russia
27. India’s defense exports target for 2025 is:
    a) $2 billion
    b) $5 billion
    c) $10 billion
    d) $15 billion
    Answer: b) $5 billion
28. What is the name of the tri-service command being developed in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands?
    a) Eastern Command
    b) Integrated Command
    c) Andaman Command
    d) Theater Command
    Answer: d) Theater Command
29. The Agni missile series is categorized under which type of missile?
    a) Surface-to-air
    b) Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM)
    c) Anti-ship
    d) Anti-tank
    Answer: b) Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM)
30. India’s defense budget for 2023-24 prioritized:
    a) Salaries and pensions
    b) Procurement of weapons
    c) R&D and modernization
    d) Domestic and foreign debt repayment
    Answer: c) R&D and modernization**

These questions are tailored to test the understanding of India’s defense policies and modernization efforts in the context of balancing security and fiscal constraints.