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Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with answers on “India’s Population Dynamics: Opportunities and Challenges” for Civil Services Examination
1. According to the 2011 Census, what was India’s total population?
- a) 1.11 billion
- b) 1.21 billion
- c) 1.31 billion
- d) 1.41 billion
Answer: b) 1.21 billion
2. What is the projected population of India by 2030 as per the United Nations?
- a) 1.3 billion
- b) 1.4 billion
- c) 1.5 billion
- d) 1.7 billion
Answer: c) 1.5 billion
3. India’s Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has recently dropped to the replacement level of:
- a) 2.1
- b) 2.5
- c) 2.9
- d) 3.0
Answer: a) 2.1
4. Which state in India has the highest population density as per the 2011 Census?
- a) Bihar
- b) West Bengal
- c) Uttar Pradesh
- d) Kerala
Answer: a) Bihar
5. Which of the following states has the lowest population growth rate in India according to Census 2011?
- a) Kerala
- b) Sikkim
- c) Tamil Nadu
- d) Nagaland
Answer: d) Nagaland
6. The demographic dividend refers to:
- a) A rise in birth rates
- b) Economic growth potential due to a favorable age structure
- c) A decrease in infant mortality rate
- d) A shift in migration patterns
Answer: b) Economic growth potential due to a favorable age structure
7. What percentage of India’s population was under the age of 25 as per the 2011 Census?
- a) 20%
- b) 35%
- c) 50%
- d) 65%
Answer: c) 50%
8. Which of the following factors is a significant challenge arising from India’s population growth?
- a) Increased foreign investment
- b) Pressure on natural resources
- c) Growth in GDP
- d) Enhanced agricultural productivity
Answer: b) Pressure on natural resources
9. What is India’s current sex ratio as per Census 2011?
- a) 940 females per 1000 males
- b) 900 females per 1000 males
- c) 980 females per 1000 males
- d) 990 females per 1000 males
Answer: a) 940 females per 1000 males
10. Which state in India recorded the highest literacy rate according to the 2011 Census?
- a) Tamil Nadu
- b) Kerala
- c) Maharashtra
- d) Karnataka
Answer: b) Kerala
11. The concept of “Population Explosion” refers to:
- a) A sudden decline in population growth
- b) A rapid increase in population size
- c) Migration of people to urban areas
- d) Population control policies
Answer: b) A rapid increase in population size
12. Which of the following age groups forms the working-age population in India?
- a) 0–14 years
- b) 15–64 years
- c) 65+ years
- d) 25–59 years
Answer: b) 15–64 years
13. India’s aging population is expected to create challenges in:
- a) Workforce availability
- b) Educational infrastructure
- c) Social security and healthcare
- d) Increasing birth rates
Answer: c) Social security and healthcare
14. Which Indian state has the highest birth rate according to recent data?
- a) Kerala
- b) Bihar
- c) Punjab
- d) Tamil Nadu
Answer: b) Bihar
15. What is the main objective of the National Population Policy 2000?
- a) Reducing urbanization
- b) Achieving population stabilization
- c) Promoting migration
- d) Enhancing fertility rates
Answer: b) Achieving population stabilization
16. What is the term for the migration of people from rural to urban areas?
- a) Reverse migration
- b) Urbanization
- c) Immigration
- d) Suburbanization
Answer: b) Urbanization
17. The Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is a government scheme aimed at:
- a) Improving maternal healthcare
- b) Promoting urban development
- c) Encouraging population control
- d) Increasing literacy rates
Answer: a) Improving maternal healthcare
18. The majority of India’s population resides in:
- a) Urban areas
- b) Rural areas
- c) Coastal regions
- d) Hill areas
Answer: b) Rural areas
19. What is the “dependency ratio” in population studies?
- a) The ratio of dependent individuals (children and elderly) to the working-age population
- b) The ratio of males to females
- c) The ratio of immigrants to native-born citizens
- d) The ratio of rural to urban population
Answer: a) The ratio of dependent individuals (children and elderly) to the working-age population
20. Which of the following is a significant opportunity arising from India’s population dynamics?
- a) Rapid aging of the population
- b) Increased environmental degradation
- c) A large youth population that can drive economic growth
- d) Higher unemployment rates
Answer: c) A large youth population that can drive economic growth
21. Which of the following policies aims at providing universal access to family planning services in India?
- a) Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
- b) National Family Welfare Program
- c) Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
- d) Atmanirbhar Bharat
Answer: b) National Family Welfare Program
22. What is the key challenge posed by India’s rapid urbanization?
- a) Improved educational opportunities
- b) Growth in per capita income
- c) Pressure on urban infrastructure and services
- d) Increase in rural employment
Answer: c) Pressure on urban infrastructure and services
23. The concept of “demographic transition” refers to:
- a) A shift from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates
- b) Increasing fertility rates
- c) Migration of people from one country to another
- d) Decreasing population in urban areas
Answer: a) A shift from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates
24. Which of the following is a direct consequence of India’s declining fertility rate?
- a) Increased birth rate
- b) Higher child mortality rates
- c) Slower population growth
- d) Increased dependency on imports
Answer: c) Slower population growth
25. According to estimates, when is India projected to surpass China as the world’s most populous country?
- a) 2025
- b) 2030
- c) 2027
- d) 2040
Answer: c) 2027
26. Which of the following is a social challenge associated with India’s population growth?
- a) Over-reliance on technology
- b) Gender inequality and skewed sex ratios
- c) Rise in foreign investment
- d) Decrease in urban poverty
Answer: b) Gender inequality and skewed sex ratios
27. The National Health Mission (NHM) was launched to address:
- a) Overpopulation
- b) Urban migration
- c) Health-related challenges, especially in rural areas
- d) Food security issues
Answer: c) Health-related challenges, especially in rural areas
28. What is India’s current life expectancy as per the latest estimates?
- a) 60 years
- b) 65 years
- c) 70 years
- d) 75 years
Answer: c) 70 years
29. The skewed child sex ratio in India is largely attributed to:
- a) High infant mortality
- b) Cultural preference for male children
- c) Better healthcare facilities for females
- d) Decline in fertility rates
Answer: b) Cultural preference for male children
30. Which sector in India is expected to benefit most from the demographic dividend?
- a) Agriculture
- b) Information Technology
- c) Manufacturing
- d) Services sector
Answer: d) Services sector
