Introduction India, with its immense human capital and burgeoning economy, is at a pivotal juncture…
MCQs with answers on the topic “Breakthroughs in Biotechnology: Gene Editing and CRISPR”
1. Which of the following is the primary tool used in gene editing technology?
a) RNA interference
b) CRISPR-Cas9
c) PCR
d) DNA sequencing
Answer: b) CRISPR-Cas9
2. Who discovered the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology?
a) James Watson
b) Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier
c) Craig Venter
d) Carl Woese
Answer: b) Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier
3. What does the acronym CRISPR stand for?
a) Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
b) Chromosomal Regulatory Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
c) Clustered Recombinantly Integrated Short Palindromic Repeats
d) Chromosomal Repetitive Integrated Short Palindromic Regions
Answer: a) Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
4. What is the main application of CRISPR-Cas9 in biotechnology?
a) Protein synthesis
b) Gene editing
c) RNA modification
d) Drug discovery
Answer: b) Gene editing
5. Which of the following is a potential use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology?
a) Treating genetic disorders
b) Enhancing crop yield
c) Modifying microorganisms for industrial processes
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
6. What is the role of Cas9 in the CRISPR-Cas9 system?
a) To locate specific DNA sequences
b) To cut DNA at targeted locations
c) To transcribe RNA
d) To repair DNA mutations
Answer: b) To cut DNA at targeted locations
7. Which of the following is a key advantage of CRISPR over older gene-editing technologies?
a) CRISPR is more accurate and less expensive
b) CRISPR works only in plant cells
c) CRISPR requires a high level of expertise
d) CRISPR can only be used on animals
Answer: a) CRISPR is more accurate and less expensive
8. Which of the following disorders is a candidate for treatment using CRISPR gene editing?
a) Sickle cell anemia
b) Cystic fibrosis
c) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
9. In the CRISPR-Cas9 system, what is the function of the guide RNA (gRNA)?
a) It cuts the target DNA
b) It binds to the target DNA sequence
c) It repairs the DNA
d) It produces the Cas9 protein
Answer: b) It binds to the target DNA sequence
10. Which organism’s DNA is targeted by the CRISPR-Cas9 system for modification?
a) Only bacteria
b) Only plants
c) Only animals
d) DNA from any organism
Answer: d) DNA from any organism
11. What is a possible ethical concern regarding CRISPR technology?
a) The technology could lead to “designer babies”
b) The technology is too expensive to be practical
c) The technology can only be used on humans
d) There is no ethical concern
Answer: a) The technology could lead to “designer babies”
12. What is the main challenge associated with CRISPR-based gene editing?
a) Inability to modify genes
b) Off-target effects (unintended edits)
c) Limited applications
d) Only effective in plant cells
Answer: b) Off-target effects (unintended edits)
13. Which field of research has been greatly impacted by CRISPR technology?
a) Oncology
b) Genetics and genomics
c) Agricultural biotechnology
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
14. What type of DNA modification does CRISPR-Cas9 induce?
a) Insertion
b) Deletion
c) Modification
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
15. Which of the following is a major application of CRISPR in agriculture?
a) Creating drought-resistant crops
b) Enhancing the nutritional value of crops
c) Reducing the use of pesticides
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
16. CRISPR-Cas9 has the potential to cure which of the following diseases in humans?
a) Hemophilia
b) Huntington’s disease
c) Beta-thalassemia
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
17. What is gene editing?
a) The process of copying genes
b) The process of editing genes in a controlled manner
c) The process of inserting foreign genes into a genome
d) The process of eliminating unwanted genes
Answer: b) The process of editing genes in a controlled manner
18. What is one potential risk associated with gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9?
a) Introducing unintended mutations
b) Permanent changes to the species’ evolution
c) Genetic instability
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
19. What is the key feature that distinguishes CRISPR from traditional gene editing methods?
a) Its ability to cut DNA at very specific locations
b) Its use of chemical agents to repair genes
c) Its ability to clone genes
d) Its reliance on external viruses for gene delivery
Answer: a) Its ability to cut DNA at very specific locations
20. How has CRISPR technology advanced cancer research?
a) By helping to develop targeted therapies
b) By editing cancerous genes directly
c) By curing cancer
d) By replacing chemotherapy
Answer: a) By helping to develop targeted therapies
21. Which of the following is NOT an application of CRISPR technology?
a) Gene therapy for genetic diseases
b) Crop enhancement for better yield
c) Cloning humans
d) Gene editing in animals for research
Answer: c) Cloning humans
22. Which animal model is commonly used in CRISPR research for human diseases?
a) Mice
b) Frogs
c) Fish
d) Birds
Answer: a) Mice
23. What does CRISPR-Cas9 stand for?
a) Chromosomal Repeating Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-Crucial Activation System
b) Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-Cas9
c) Cellular Regenerative Integrated Synthesis Program
d) Critical Regulation Interruption System
Answer: b) Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-Cas9
24. Which of the following best describes the role of CRISPR in agriculture?
a) It allows for genetic modification of crops to enhance traits such as pest resistance
b) It is used to reduce the amount of water needed for crop cultivation
c) It is used to clone high-yield crops
d) It can only be used to improve the taste of crops
Answer: a) It allows for genetic modification of crops to enhance traits such as pest resistance
25. What is one of the ethical concerns regarding CRISPR’s application in human germline editing?
a) It may lead to the creation of superhumans
b) It has no risks associated with it
c) It can lead to the extinction of certain species
d) It will have no impact on human genetics
Answer: a) It may lead to the creation of superhumans
26. What type of organisms can CRISPR-Cas9 be used to edit?
a) Only bacteria
b) Only plants
c) Only animals
d) All living organisms
Answer: d) All living organisms
27. In CRISPR-Cas9 technology, how is the DNA cut?
a) Using an enzyme that snips the DNA double helix
b) By adding a chemical reagent
c) Using radiation
d) By inserting a virus into the genome
Answer: a) Using an enzyme that snips the DNA double helix
28. What is “off-target editing” in the context of CRISPR-Cas9?
a) Editing of unintended DNA sequences
b) Enhancing the targeted gene editing
c) Repairing non-affected areas of the genome
d) Editing only the targeted gene
Answer: a) Editing of unintended DNA sequences
29. How does CRISPR technology help with drug development?
a) By speeding up the process of testing drug effects on the human genome
b) By genetically modifying bacteria to produce medicines
c) By directly modifying human cells to test drug responses
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
30. Which of the following companies is NOT involved in CRISPR gene-editing research?
a) CRISPR Therapeutics
b) Editas Medicine
c) Facebook
d) Intellia Therapeutics
Answer: c) Facebook
