Introduction India, with its immense human capital and burgeoning economy, is at a pivotal juncture…
MCQs with answers on the topic “Ethical Dilemmas in Genetic Research”
1. Which of the following is a primary ethical concern in genetic research?
A) Accuracy of genetic tests
B) Privacy and confidentiality of genetic data
C) Speed of research
D) Cost of genetic tests
Answer: B) Privacy and confidentiality of genetic data
2. What does the concept of “designer babies” refer to?
A) Babies born with predetermined intelligence
B) Genetic modification to select desired traits
C) Babies with genetic disorders
D) Babies born through assisted reproduction
Answer: B) Genetic modification to select desired traits
3. Which of the following is an ethical concern related to gene editing in humans?
A) Gene therapy’s cost
B) Possible unintended consequences on future generations
C) Lack of scientific knowledge
D) Excessive use of CRISPR technology
Answer: B) Possible unintended consequences on future generations
4. The term “informed consent” in genetic research refers to:
A) Ensuring participants understand the risks and benefits of participating
B) Providing participants with financial compensation
C) Avoiding genetic testing
D) Ensuring the study is conducted without supervision
Answer: A) Ensuring participants understand the risks and benefits of participating
5. The ethical principle of “beneficence” in genetic research refers to:
A) Minimizing harm to participants
B) Maximizing benefits for participants and society
C) Ensuring fairness in selecting participants
D) Protecting genetic privacy of participants
Answer: B) Maximizing benefits for participants and society
6. Which of the following is a potential ethical issue of genetic data collection?
A) Reducing health disparities
B) Privacy breaches and unauthorized data sharing
C) Increasing genetic diversity
D) Improving public health systems
Answer: B) Privacy breaches and unauthorized data sharing
7. Which organization ensures ethical standards in human genetic research?
A) United Nations
B) World Health Organization
C) International Bioethics Committee
D) International Red Cross
Answer: C) International Bioethics Committee
8. The ethical dilemma of “germline editing” involves modifying the genes of:
A) An individual for medical reasons
B) Future generations through reproductive cells
C) Somatic cells in a patient
D) Animals for research purposes
Answer: B) Future generations through reproductive cells
9. Ethical concerns regarding the use of genetic information for employment or insurance decisions involve:
A) Reducing healthcare costs
B) Privacy violations and discrimination
C) Improving medical outcomes
D) Promoting equality in access to insurance
Answer: B) Privacy violations and discrimination
10. A major ethical dilemma in prenatal genetic testing is:
A) The affordability of tests
B) The risk of miscarriage during the test
C) The decision to terminate pregnancies based on genetic findings
D) The difficulty of obtaining accurate results
Answer: C) The decision to terminate pregnancies based on genetic findings
11. The ethical concern of “genetic determinism” is related to:
A) The belief that genetic traits solely determine a person’s health and behavior
B) The ability to modify genes at will
C) Ethical standards in gene editing
D) Protecting genetic data from misuse
Answer: A) The belief that genetic traits solely determine a person’s health and behavior
12. The ethical principle of “justice” in genetic research refers to:
A) Equal access to the benefits of research for all participants
B) Protecting genetic information from harm
C) Prioritizing the health of research participants
D) Ensuring informed consent is signed
Answer: A) Equal access to the benefits of research for all participants
13. Which of the following is an ethical issue in gene therapy?
A) The potential for gene therapy to be used for cosmetic enhancements
B) The cost of therapy
C) The limited availability of gene therapy
D) The potential harm to the patient’s genetic makeup
Answer: D) The potential harm to the patient’s genetic makeup
14. Ethical concerns about “genetic privacy” are mainly associated with:
A) Storing genetic data without proper consent
B) Developing new genetic tests
C) Distributing genetic information to pharmaceutical companies
D) Using genetic information for medical research
Answer: A) Storing genetic data without proper consent
15. The ethical challenge of “genetic enhancement” refers to:
A) Preventing genetic diseases in individuals
B) Modifying genes to enhance desirable traits such as intelligence or physical appearance
C) Creating genetically modified organisms for research
D) Preventing unwanted genetic mutations
Answer: B) Modifying genes to enhance desirable traits such as intelligence or physical appearance
16. Which of the following is a concern with the commercialization of genetic technologies?
A) Universal access to genetic advancements
B) The monopolization of genetic therapies by corporations
C) Reducing the cost of healthcare
D) The advancement of public health systems
Answer: B) The monopolization of genetic therapies by corporations
17. What ethical dilemma arises from the use of genetic testing in law enforcement?
A) Ethical concerns about protecting human rights
B) The risk of miscarriages of justice due to false positives
C) Enhancing public trust in the legal system
D) Allowing police officers to be genetically tested
Answer: B) The risk of miscarriages of justice due to false positives
18. The concept of “hereditary genetic information” raises ethical concerns about:
A) Passing on genetic traits in a family
B) The inheritance of genetic diseases
C) Identifying traits like hair color and eye color
D) Creating genetically identical organisms
Answer: B) The inheritance of genetic diseases
19. The ethical concern of “genetic screening” in children primarily involves:
A) Determining the future potential of children
B) The risk of stigmatization based on genetic predisposition
C) The cost of genetic tests
D) The ability to select children’s traits
Answer: B) The risk of stigmatization based on genetic predisposition
20. The idea of “genetic patenting” raises ethical concerns regarding:
A) Ownership of genetic information and biological resources
B) The creation of genetically modified organisms
C) The development of gene therapies for public use
D) The affordability of genetic screening tests
Answer: A) Ownership of genetic information and biological resources
21. Which of the following is a key ethical concern in genetic research involving animals?
A) The use of animal genetic data in human research
B) Animal welfare and the potential for harm
C) The cost of genetic research on animals
D) Using animals in research without informed consent
Answer: B) Animal welfare and the potential for harm
22. Which principle is fundamental in ensuring ethical conduct in genetic research?
A) Transparency in research methods and findings
B) Reducing the cost of research
C) Enhancing competition in research institutions
D) Increasing genetic diversity
Answer: A) Transparency in research methods and findings
23. The issue of “embryonic gene editing” involves ethical debates about:
A) The ethics of creating genetically modified embryos
B) The use of embryos for stem cell research
C) The destruction of embryos during genetic testing
D) Creating genetically modified animals for testing
Answer: A) The ethics of creating genetically modified embryos
24. Which ethical challenge does genetic research on human embryos pose?
A) Defining the “personhood” of embryos
B) The risk of diseases arising from genetic edits
C) The cost of maintaining embryo data
D) Testing embryos without parental consent
Answer: A) Defining the “personhood” of embryos
25. Which of the following is a possible ethical issue with the use of genetic data in health insurance?
A) Increased premiums for individuals with genetic predispositions
B) Reducing access to genetic treatments
C) Genetic data being used for research without consent
D) Creating a database for public health monitoring
Answer: A) Increased premiums for individuals with genetic predispositions
26. “Ethical genetic counseling” aims to:
A) Provide emotional support to patients with genetic disorders
B) Advise individuals about the consequences of genetic testing and its potential outcomes
C) Ensure the commercial use of genetic research data
D) Promote gene therapies
Answer: B) Advise individuals about the consequences of genetic testing and its potential outcomes
27. The main ethical concern with using CRISPR technology in humans is:
A) The high cost of the technology
B) The potential for off-target mutations leading to unintended genetic changes
C) The difficulty of understanding CRISPR
D) The complexity of human genome editing
Answer: B) The potential for off-target mutations leading to unintended genetic changes
28. Which of the following represents an ethical challenge in genetic research involving human populations?
A) Achieving genetic diversity
B) Ensuring equal access to the benefits of research
C) Encouraging genetic testing in all populations
D) Creating a uniform global genetic database
Answer: B) Ensuring equal access to the benefits of research
29. Ethical issues in the use of genetic testing for disease prevention primarily involve:
A) Privacy concerns and the potential for discrimination
B) The accuracy of genetic tests
C) The costs involved in testing
D) The inability to prevent all genetic diseases
Answer: A) Privacy concerns and the potential for discrimination
30. Which of the following is the most important aspect of genetic research ethics?
A) Financial profit from research outcomes
B) The safety and welfare of participants and society
C) The speed of the research process
D) The competitive edge of research institutions
Answer: B) The safety and welfare of participants and society
