India-Specific Science & Technology MCQs for UPSC, SSC & PSC Exams
India General Knowledge
MODULE 8: Science & Technology (India-Specific) MCQs
Topic: India-Specific Science & Technology MCQs for UPSC, SSC & PSC Exams
Systematic Sub-Topic Structure
For maximum conceptual clarity and exam relevance, the MCQs are arranged in a logical and chronological sequence:
- Evolution of Science & Technology in Independent India
- National Science Institutions & Research Councils
- Space, Atomic Energy & Defence Technology
- Digital, IT & Emerging Technologies
- Biotechnology, Health & Agriculture Science
- National Missions, Policies & Contemporary Developments
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. Which institution is regarded as the backbone of scientific research in post-independence India?
A. ISRO
B. CSIR
C. DRDO
D. ICMR
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), established in 1940, became the backbone of India’s industrial and scientific research after independence.
2. Which ministry coordinates overall science and technology policy in India?
A. Ministry of Education
B. Ministry of Defence
C. Ministry of Science & Technology
D. Ministry of Electronics & IT
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The Ministry of Science & Technology oversees scientific research through departments like DST, DBT, and CSIR.
3. The Department of Science and Technology (DST) was established in which year?
A. 1965
B. 1971
C. 1975
D. 1980
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
DST was established in 1971 to promote new areas of science and technology and coordinate national research efforts.
4. Which organisation is India’s premier space research agency?
A. DRDO
B. ISRO
C. BARC
D. CSIR
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) leads India’s satellite, launch vehicle, and planetary missions.
5. Who is known as the ‘Father of the Indian Space Programme’?
A. Satish Dhawan
B. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
C. Vikram Sarabhai
D. Homi J. Bhabha
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Vikram Sarabhai envisioned space technology for national development and laid the foundation of ISRO.
6. ISRO functions under which administrative department?
A. Ministry of Defence
B. Department of Space
C. DST
D. NITI Aayog
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
ISRO functions under the Department of Space, directly under the Prime Minister’s Office.
7. Which Indian mission demonstrated cost-effective planetary exploration?
A. Chandrayaan-1
B. Chandrayaan-2
C. Mangalyaan
D. Aditya-L1
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) showcased India’s low-cost space technology.
8. India’s nuclear energy programme was pioneered by which scientist?
A. Meghnad Saha
B. C. V. Raman
C. Homi J. Bhabha
D. Raja Ramanna
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Homi J. Bhabha is regarded as the father of India’s nuclear programme.
9. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) is located at:
A. Kalpakkam
B. Trombay
C. Hyderabad
D. Tarapur
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
BARC is located at Trombay, Mumbai, and is India’s premier nuclear research facility.
10. Which organisation develops missile and defence technologies in India?
A. ISRO
B. CSIR
C. DRDO
D. BARC
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is responsible for defence R&D.
11. Who is popularly known as the ‘Missile Man of India’?
A. Vikram Sarabhai
B. Satish Dhawan
C. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
D. Brahm Prakash
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam led key missile projects like Agni and Prithvi.
12. Which initiative aims to transform India into a digitally empowered society?
A. Make in India
B. Startup India
C. Digital India
D. Skill India
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Digital India was launched to ensure digital infrastructure, governance, and citizen empowerment.
13. Which ministry is responsible for Digital India implementation?
A. Ministry of Communications
B. Ministry of Science & Technology
C. Ministry of Electronics & IT
D. NITI Aayog
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) implements Digital India initiatives.
14. Aadhaar is administered by which authority?
A. RBI
B. UIDAI
C. NIC
D. NPCI
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) manages Aadhaar-based digital identity.
15. UPI is operated by which organisation?
A. RBI
B. SEBI
C. NPCI
D. MeitY
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The National Payments Corporation of India operates UPI and digital retail payment systems.
16. Which body released India’s National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence?
A. DST
B. MeitY
C. NITI Aayog
D. RBI
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
NITI Aayog released the strategy titled AI for All.
17. India’s AI strategy primarily focuses on:
A. Military applications
B. Social and inclusive development
C. Entertainment industry
D. Robotics exports
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
India emphasises responsible AI for healthcare, agriculture, education, and governance.
18. Which organisation is the apex body for medical research in India?
A. DBT
B. AIIMS
C. ICMR
D. CSIR
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) coordinates biomedical research nationwide.
19. Biotechnology research in India is promoted by which department?
A. DST
B. DBT
C. ICMR
D. ICAR
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) promotes biotech research and innovation.
20. Which organisation coordinates agricultural research in India?
A. ICMR
B. ICAR
C. CSIR
D. DBT
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) leads agricultural R&D.
21. The Green Revolution in India was led by which scientist?
A. M. S. Swaminathan
B. Verghese Kurien
C. P. C. Ray
D. Homi Bhabha
Correct Answer: A
Explanation:
M. S. Swaminathan is known as the father of India’s Green Revolution.
22. Which mission focuses on indigenous supercomputing capability?
A. Digital India
B. National Supercomputing Mission
C. Startup India
D. AI for All
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The National Supercomputing Mission strengthens India’s high-performance computing ecosystem.
23. Which Indian institution develops advanced computing technologies?
A. NIC
B. C-DAC
C. ISRO
D. DRDO
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
The Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) is a leader in supercomputing and AI.
24. Which policy safeguards citizens’ digital personal data in India?
A. IT Act, 2000
B. National Cyber Security Policy
C. Digital Personal Data Protection Act
D. Telecom Policy
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The Digital Personal Data Protection Act ensures data privacy and digital trust.
25. Which Indian programme supports startup innovation in technology?
A. Skill India
B. Make in India
C. Startup India
D. Digital India
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Startup India promotes innovation-driven entrepreneurship and technological growth.
26. Which institution awards the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize?
A. DST
B. DBT
C. CSIR
D. ICMR
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
CSIR awards the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize, India’s highest science award.
27. Which Indian scientist won the Nobel Prize for the Raman Effect?
A. Satyendra Nath Bose
B. C. V. Raman
C. Meghnad Saha
D. Homi Bhabha
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
C. V. Raman won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.
28. Which Indian mission studies the Sun?
A. Chandrayaan-3
B. Mangalyaan
C. Aditya-L1
D. Astrosat
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Aditya‑L1 studies solar phenomena and space weather.
29. Which area has seen maximum growth due to India-specific science initiatives?
A. Tourism
B. Sports
C. Healthcare and Digital Services
D. Entertainment
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Science and technology initiatives have significantly improved healthcare, digital governance, and service delivery.
30. India-specific Science & Technology initiatives mainly aim to achieve:
A. Technological dependence
B. Scientific isolation
C. Self-reliance and sustainable development
D. Only academic excellence
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
India’s science and technology policies focus on self-reliance, innovation, inclusivity, and sustainable national development.
✅ Exam Relevance
These India-Specific Science & Technology MCQs are highly relevant for:
- UPSC (Prelims & GS Mains – Science & Technology)
- State PSCs (APSC, BPSC, RPSC, etc.)
- SSC (CGL, CHSL, GD, MTS)
- Banking & Railway Exams
- CUET, University & Entrance Exams
- School & College Level Competitive Exams
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Science and Technology GK MCQs India
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UPSC science MCQs India specific
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SSC science and technology questions
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State PSC science GK MCQs
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Indian science institutions MCQs
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Space, nuclear and digital India MCQs
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Current science initiatives India GK
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Technology missions of India MCQs
🔹 Why India-Specific Science & Technology MCQs Matter for Competitive Exams
Science & Technology is a high-scoring and frequently updated section in UPSC, SSC, and State PSC examinations. India-specific questions on space missions, digital initiatives, nuclear research, biotechnology, and national science policies are regularly asked in both prelims and objective papers.
This MCQ set provides chronologically arranged, concept-driven, and exam-oriented coverage, enabling aspirants to confidently handle both static GK and science-based current affairs with clarity and accuracy.
🔹 FAQ Section
Q1. Why is India-specific Science & Technology important for UPSC and PSC exams?
Because UPSC and PSC exams focus on national missions, Indian scientists, institutions, and applied technology rather than general global science.
Q2. Which science topics are most important from an exam perspective?
ISRO missions, nuclear and defence research, Digital India, AI initiatives, biotechnology, and major scientific institutions are most important.
Q3. Is this topic static or current affairs based?
It is a combination of static foundations and current developments, making it crucial for prelims and mains.
Q4. Are these MCQs useful for SSC and Banking exams?
Yes. SSC and Banking exams frequently ask direct MCQs on Indian science institutions, digital platforms, and technology initiatives.
Q5. Who should practice these Science & Technology MCQs?
UPSC, SSC, State PSC, Banking, Railways, CUET, university entrance aspirants, and school-level competitive students should practice these MCQs.
🔹 Targeting Exams
These India-Specific Science & Technology MCQs are carefully designed for:
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UPSC (Prelims & GS Mains – Science & Technology)
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State Public Service Commissions (APSC, BPSC, RPSC, MPPSC, etc.)
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SSC (CGL, CHSL, GD, MTS)
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Banking Exams (IBPS, SBI, RBI)
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Railway Exams (RRB NTPC, Group D)
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CUET & University Entrance Exams
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School & College Level Competitive Examinations across India